LATEST UPDATES
UAW Solidarity
Item
- Title
- Date
- Alternative Title
- extracted text
-
UAW Solidarity
-
1958-02-03
-
Vol. 1 No. 8
-
Convention Puts Dues Muscle into Program
The UAW special conven-*
tion, having united behind a
barcollective
far-reaching
ey gaining program (Solidarity,
27)
Jan.
adstrengthen
promptly
the
to
voted
fi-
union's
SOLIDARITY
nances for the struggle ahead.
With
almost
perhaps
30
3,039
the
raised
dues
no
dissent
delegates
—
out
of
convention
the
by
—
$5 a month
for
March, April and May. It then
report
the minority
-adopted
Vol.
of the constitution-resolutions
committee
calling
for
a
pro-
rated rebate to local unions of
any sum in excess of $25 million remaining in the strike
fund
are
negotiations
1958
after
complete.
(President Walter P. Reuther
\emphasized that the strike re-
program
‘lief
because
we
“not
adopted
was
want
strike...
a
but to improve the possibilities
of avoiding a strike.” See story
below.)
Each member is to be credited
®| or rebated
his share
of the
‘money returned to local unions.
Rebate
Debate
Debate
question
jority
centered around
of the rebate. A
of
the
committee
the
ma-
felt
1,
Entered
as Second Class Matter, Indianapolis, Ind.
Mich.—5Se
a copy.
EDITORIAL
OFFICE—Detroit,
Indianapolis
St.,
Washington
E
2457
at
Weekly
Published
No.
Michigan Edition
8
Printed
7,
in 100%
Ind.
Union
Shops
by
about
85%
of the
MAKING
POINT
with
pencil,
UAW President Waiter P.
Reuther tells Senate commit-
the
tee
the
facts
prices,
about
rigged
auto
prevailed
vote.
Sen.
|
10}
|
@
If the
low
$20
strike
million
Continued
hin
iy
|
|
|
fund
the
on
proposal
office
which
falls be-
Lots
executive
2
improve
ing
its chance
justice
without
of achiey-
a strike,
President Walter P. Reuther
told the special convention in
his final
“We
major
have
address.
adopted
this
strike relief program not because
we
are
strike-happy,
not because we want a strike
in
any
company,
small,” he said.
H
“We
ance
yote
program
for
a
large
strike
or
assist-
.. . because
only
Hey! Free Eats!
your
house,
as
well
yourself?
There'll
more free patterns
choose from,
as. we
are
strong
gaining-table
can
the possibilities
strike.”
Special
be
to
avoiding
Reuther
a
Big
assailed
bitterly
Three officials, especially Ernest
Breech, board chairman of Ford,
for “heating up the cold war”
of negotiations.
in advance
Breech had spoken to a chamof
ber
Tennessee
the
a
as
viously
in
meeting
commerce
ob-
before,
night
pretext
of
out denunciation
bargaining program.
an
for
the
all-
UAW
This was proved by the fact
that the Detroit daily papers
remarks.
as
of
at the
barwe
improve
Coverage
carried
@ YOU PLAN your fama week
ily’s menus
ahead at a time? If you
do—or think you can—
why not enter them in
Solidarity’s contest when
the rules are announced
next week? Prizes’ll be
the cost of the groceries
that make up the three
winning entries.
@ WHY NOT KNIT something for your hubby or
Indianpolis
7,
Ind.
ers was adopted unanimously
by UAW’s special convention.
Calling for a substantial wage
per
talk
full
the
pays
Normally
scant
delivered
text
a
his
of
newspa-
attention
to a local
to
a
group
hundreds of miles distant.
Breech has a right to make
Because
they
and disprove
Reuther
Breech and
millionaires
bonus
prove
his.”
our
proposai
for
panded
tions
“I don’t
begrudge the workers haying
their share .. . If they will
the
with
share
people
who
purchasing-power,
need more
will
then the whole economy
get stronger...”
to
war,
cold
and
international
every
virtually
charges
self
is a
take over
that
industry;
“We
issue.
that
and
the
that
being
our
do
we
of
ranks.
affects
many
We
the
people
pray
that
managements
well-
automobile
man-
tial abundance of
among all sections
outside
agement will come to the bar- |
gaining table in the same spirit.”’
fair
distribution
Continued
of
on
the
that
poten-
our economy
of the popu-
Page
2
Aircraft to Harecraft?
Douglas
Tulsa,
Locai
1093,
auto
workers’.
a
Debating
collective
industry,
cial
Aircraft
Okla.,
probthan
lems
in
Douglas
than
Sas
resolution
the
bargaining
Blythe
convention:
“You
think
told
you
more
a 19-year-old
descendants.”
in
on
his
spe-
the
haye
Chrysler?
have
rep-
Blythe,
Kelly
thinks aircraft workers’
worse
even
are
lems
and all economic
management
to
in our society have
groups
to discharge | work together in a socially-regoing
are
“We
sponsible manner,” he said. “We
our responsibilities with a high
that have been trying to convince the
understanding
of
sense
what
8
Page
on
Continued
resenting
and
labor
shop
union
of
clauses to all contracts where
the law permits.
suppossible
every
Pledging
port the union can mobilize to
Delegate
corporations
Concentration
believe
to
wants
that he him-
Marxist,
extension
and
proceedings
disposed of
labor
big
favors
UAW
against little ones.
| Against
and
domestic
other
Very early in the
Reuther once again
the
|
system,
wage-plan
evaluation
job
the
in
abuses
of
nation
ques-
aid
improved
jointly - administered apprentice training programs; elimi-
philosophy,
foreign
the
pay;
and
pay
severance
and expanded pension-healthbonafide,
programs;
welfare
program,
political
security
relocation
current
the
include
Employment
through
The area of
exfurther
Senators’
by the
Reuther’s
points
get,” he said. “My differwith them is that they
they
ence
|
study
a 110-page
bargaining
UAW
penny
one
with
public
this
accompanied
the last decade.
was
discussion
executives.
begrudge
to
bargaining-
the
at
| “musts”
raise| table:
as
points
these
listed
also
the |
in-
of price and profit policies in
the automobile industry over
pointed
out
that
others had become
because of the Ford
plan
free
be
over and above the—
in cost-of-living althe basic program
increase
make-up
lowance,
findings,
the
at will. But
have the facts.
Reuther
?
Like Free World, VAW ‘Acme
» Only to Bolster Chance of Peace
be strong
St
GUARANTEED
A six-point target program
for 1958 negotiations covering aircraft and missile work-
counsel”
contem-
the
of
would
prices
would
51 |
UAW
Washington
Aircraft's
Goals Set
“independent
consumers’
of
review
would
of Facts
volved
to
E.
PO: STAGE
(D., Tenn.),
an
for
Regardless
|
the
Kefauver
proposal
UAW
the
under
or companies
company
Just as the free world must
be armed to preserve peace, so
2457
plated price increases in monopand
industries
oly-controlled
e gs public.
its findin
Mm _mak
Other convention stories
on inside pages.
must
to
A scheduled one-day appearas
two
into
stretched
ance
Reuther set forth the union’s}
:
Page
label
RETURN
the UAW had nothing to
from such a fact-finding
body.
the increase to continue until
any loans are paid off and the
strike fund restored to $25 mil-
—
Estes
that
fear
up to $5 a month, if 50,000 or}
more
members are
on strike;
lion: ——
Send undeliverable copies with Form 3579 attached direct-
mailing
week. Reuther assured a subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee, headed by
Other proyisions in the strike
fund program include:
® Authorization to the UAW
‘executive board to borrow money
from locals, other international
unions, banks, etc. if needed.
@ A continued dues increase,
a
under
WASHINGTON—A federal agency with the
power to investigate—but not the power to enforce
a decision—could mobilize public opinion against
rigged price increases and thus strike a decisive
blow against artificial inflation, UAW President
Walter P. Reuther told a Senate committee last
rebating whatever was left after
report
ly
Informed Public Can Squelch
Rigged Prices, Reuther Says
strike fund should be built to
the highest possible point and
kept there. The minority (subsequently
supported by President Walter P. Reuther) favored
$25 million.
The minority
POSTMASTER:
in U.S S.A.
3
prob-
We
at
problems
jackrabbit
he wants,
any sort of speech
Reuther agreed.
“But he has a responsibility,”
continued
president
UAW
the
he
“Ultimately,
will
table,
bargaining
at
be
if
and
the
he
makes more difficult the solution of bargaining problems because he corrupts the climate,
he
is not
bility...
“Mr,
meeting
Breech
his
didn’t
profits
word
about
the
we're
talking
about.
Ford
Motor
Co.
he stick to the
responsisay
That's
Why
economic
of
one
the
what
doesn’t
facts?
SOLEMN
Joseph
* Lmwett
§
ATORS
©, O'Mahoney
(R,, N.D.)
and
left,
listen seriously to Walter P. Reuther’s presentation on prices, From
(D,, Wyo.); committee counsel; Estes Kefauver (D., Tenn.) ; William Langer
Alexander
Wiley
(R., Wis.).
nx
©
no
a—_
m
=
wv
f
:
a
’
~
«
=2°
=
FL
ep
iG
/
iy
OMIRMAN Local noe
Locat 583, RES. 10
=
a<
‘Roovaroeis, mpuan
RACINE, WIS,
LIMA, O10
CHARLES L. COPE
fF SVARS
imR
REGS
83.
CAL
R
F.COOPER
HOMER
=
SOCAL THO. REG. — LOCAL796,REG.8
OSHAWA, ONTARIO
YORK , PA.
KANSAS CITY, MO.
LOCAL 287
REQ 2
Local 363
CANADA
Cusveranp,omo
MUNCIE, IND.
LOCALSSIS.
Sipeareranp nt ae
ROYALOAK. MICH.
,
PUBICi
gSHep
‘oom:
—
D ues Muscl
Musce
CUP
Can
For Program
Rigged Prices—Reuther
Continued
from
Page
and
justice
economic
The
necessity.”
he
of
control
tration
Reuther
union’s
a
of
in the hands
corporations.”
of
stressed
present
mdustry
large
few
that
the
collective
bar-|
contrary
tice,
of
Thus
Any
counts
for
20
to
which
25%
in its industry would
imposing
a
price
be requir-
of
increase.
conduct
hearings,
could
the
but
No
dominated
finding
industries.
revealed
mands
the
union's
hike,
it would
poration
to
be up
a
fact-
faith on these demands
&
separate
Dirksen
case
to
rous
di-
act as his subthe
committee
date
be
set
for
Dirksen,
other
was
not
commitments,
agreed
Illinois
had
to
return
right
eral Motors
good
‘Not
public.
At
to
one
a
Playing’
angrily
retraction;
Kefauver
things
Jollows
come
“I
ran
the
were
should
along
in
Ford
company.
depression
trades
of
since)
worked
that
be
of his final major address to the special
President Walter P. Reuther recalled the
before
when
broke
back
into
down
UAW
special
when
they
on
not
the
production
Harry
in
were
only
they
existed.
interest
I worked
departments,
a die
the
on
day
The
to
the
B
driving
the
shift,
drove
passage
members
Bennett
and
Building
fellows
production
the
in order
men.
who
his
have
gangsters
back
before
in the
to
which
lines.
get
skilled
When
that
die
“Twes fellows wouldn’t put a section of a die in a hydraulic
press in the craneway of the B Building. They protested to
the foreman on the second shift that it was too dangerous,
because they had a chunk of steel a little larger than a book
and they were putting a piece of tempered steel on the
corner. They were supposed to come down with a press that
could exert millions of pounds of pressure to force out the
eutting
edge
of
this
die,
so
that
theré
would
be
material to rework it and get it back in production.
“The workers said, ‘If you put that much pressure
piece
of
die
section
it will
tilt
and
fiy
out
like
a
enough
on
bullet
that
and
kill somebody.’
“The foreman said, ‘You do it or you are through.’ The
two fellows said, ‘We won't do it.’ Five minutes later, four
big plug uglies from the service department dragged them
out
of
“They
over
“I
the
plant
and
threw
intimidated some
to do it and
don’t
forget
he was
these
them
guy
with
killed.
things.”
out
in
mean
Miller
road.
a lot of kids and
he went
simi-
said
meant,”
it.”
“We
never
get
100%,
Senator,”
,.Reuther replied. “We always do
the best we can, and that’s what
we'll do here. As I told our convention,
we
pray
that
manage-
we
the spirit of seeking an
ment will come to the
ing-table in the same:
do —
that
will
people
nation
not
bargainspirit as
reflect
only
to
our
the
we represent, but to the
and the free world.”
It Takes
Two
do “great
tion.
damage”
observed,
to
could
the
answered.
“It’s
a
UAW
na-
pear
just
as
will
ap-
to cause.
president
before the committee
after the auto industry
headed
by Harlow
H.
president
of
have had
Dector
Plan
Boss and
Like Our
act
As
the
at the
bosses
South
in a
gotten
got
special
delegate
1095,
once
Motors,
their say.
Even
my
again
leaders,
Curtice,
General
into
the
Hall,
Local
Bend, put it, “For
lifetime, sou
have
boss
calling me up at
home asking me
how
much
would
pany
splitting
pie.
of the
up
So,
always
has
anti-union,
but
he
bitterly
been
stopped
by
the house the other day because
he knew that I was connected
with a local union. He wanted
to know how much rebate he
would get on his new car.”
He
Finally Made
life,”
special
“This
is
Persico
of
NJ.,
told
a
high
delegate
Local
the
point
731,
convention
It
in
Louis
J.
Trenton,
during
a discussion
of non-economic
contract demands.
“After six conventions,
ally got the floor.”
M.
against
I fin-
yield an additional $16 million,
he estimated.
Mazey also listed the precise cost to the UAW of every
strike for the last three years.
this
in
expenditures
Total
(R.,
period were also $24 million.
The newly-adopted strike as-
blasted
sistance plan, making benefits
a matter of right rather than
committee investigator John
J. McGovern as a Goldwater
“hatchetman” and reiterated
the sentiments expressed in
a resolution on the same subject passed
by the regular
convention
strikes, Mazey pointed out. (The
revised plan, effective March 1,
called
create
on
a
dollar drive
AFL-CIO
the
permanent
mittee on the shorter workweek and the impact of technological
the
12th
week
cost: $80 million.
The 1l-week total
for
Ford
would be above $11
11-week strike would
million;
million.
$22
nearly
Chrysler,
for
$32
nearly
be
would
change.
17 Points for Senate
points
major
17
the
are
Here
presentation to
in the UAW’s
the Kefauver committee:
auto
of
increases
1. Wage
workers have not been responincreases,
price
for past
sible
manage-
a
followed
have
recogformula
ment-proposed
nized by industry leaders to be
denor
inflationary
“neither
flationary.”
2.
wages
All
the
and
real
in
increases
won
benefits
fringe
by the UAW since it first gained recognition have not equalled
the increase in productivity of
during
economy
national
our
that
same
tivity
in
rapid
the
increase
the
less
time—much
in
automobile
produc-
indus-
Price increases imposed by
corporations
automobile
gained
been
in
4. Profits
in
tion
increased
up
wage
the
to $5 for every
per
auto
many
increases,
unit
$1
produc-
of
industry
times
salaries
and
than wages
unit of production.
have
faster
per
price increases
5. Automobile
have been substantially greater
increases
combined
the
than
in labor costs and material costs,
Industry
6.
would
spokesmen
their
increases
price
excuse for union-busting.
for
greed
Management’s
7.
bigger profits has been the maan
as
jor factor
increases.
8. Rates
ment among
been
age
of return
price
for
responsible
on
invest-
the Big Three have
far higher than
for American
the ayer-
industry.
qf
aunt
-m©S
@ 88%
O@i% 1
0)
anf
1912897
salina or
vast
9. The
plants
tomobile
toilliim
cooilll
-e8 oul
saiilars:
andl 1
iz
to
9™ |
TOD
has
for
almost
been
10. Industry-wide figures
sales growing much faster
number
50%
1947,
more
of
the
almost
and
payroll,
workers
1957
in
cars
1955
high
and
still
TH
same
producing
in
than
profits.
In
12.
11
years,
tors stockholders
their
ship
gains-from
times
many
General Motors
their
increased
made
very
General
Mo-
have
have
stock
the
among
Big
increased
faster
owner-
than
employes have
through
gains
pay for work done.
13. What competition
there
Three, does
is
not
affect prices—there is no price
competition.
14. It is virtually impossible
for any new firm to enter the
and
industry
automobile
thus
create new competition.
15. Price policies are intended
to insure 20% net profits even
if plants operate only 36 weeks
a year.
16.
points
protect
Through
cession,
General
economic
itself
and
break-even
low
Motors
against
in doing
harm
on
aims
any
to
re-
so inflicts
ali America.
17. The lavish bonus plans for
auto executives encourage them
possible
for highest
to drive
profits regardless of the public
good.
nu
show
than
increases since
all wage
xoil
ex-
11. General Motors could have
absorbed
Aro!
Ties,
through
increases.
price
tortionate
Lilkes
hivow
paid
entirely
consumers
by
RE
semi
S
equipment
:
—o
™
VIESY
id
of au-
expansion
and
«1
bittow
19%
more than $8
for the first
by
weeks;
the outlay
million. An
com-
mati? =!
| ty)
seven
|
oie
Bw
was adopted as part of the convention resolution.)
Specifically, a General Motors
strike would cost
a week
million
Other resolutions passed by
the convention urged support
and
of
cost
the
raise
will
need,
in April 1957.
of the 1958 COPE
would
increase
$5
ontus
of To a8
as
million
at $24
1, The
Jan.
condemned
UAW,
Secretary-Treasurer
stood
fund
the
Goldwater
the
like to use
my
upon
the
to
report
detailed
Emil Mazey noted that the strike
Ariz.) for his “false, reckless
and irresponsible charges”
have
you have got the boss with you.
“You have even my doctor. My
doctor
Barry
3.
the
proposal
(profit-sharing plan)
went
through,
this
Sen.
try.
if this
called
Spent
convention,
convention
management,”
more
the comhave
to
give him,
in
but
convention.
Henry
special
Million
a
In
committee “to investigate
with equal fervor corruption
to
Wiley
$24
resolution
on
the
of the
McClellan
delegates
what
we say,
out
we
truly
ing between $150 and $250 a
month will pay half, or $2.50
Resolved: COPE,
Probe, Goldwater
committee,
earn-
those
raise;
dues
$5
the
from
exempt
are
a month
$150
committee,
extra.
In
a
activities
Wiley
then
asked
if this
meant there would be a strike
unless UAW was granted 100%
of its demands.
The
interposed
The Way It Was—We Don't Forget
way
do not respect
they
will
find
a strike.”
that Dirksen did not represent
GM or any other company “even
“We, of the UAW, would be
glad to be able to bargain under
I
be
true that it takes two
Gen-
demanded
may
“The auto companies
must
take us seriously,” he went on.
“We are not playing. If they
ther
that Dirksen
be
iconstitution- resolutions
“They're saying that it takes
two to make a bargain,” Reu-
representative here.”
Dirksen
what
A strike,
of the final
of an ex-
Senator.
retorted
“every
“That's
Reuther.
views
responsibilities,
said
Reuther
his
agreement
maneuver.”
Waited
(In the course
convention, UAW
a
point Dirksen charged that the
current UAW bargaining program was a “public relations
or plead |
the
not
M.
change of ironies between the
UAW president and the sono-
de-}
price
in
—
projects
after lunch. Much
session
consisted
to the cor-
bargain
Job
Reuther
to prove why they justified high- |
er prices. If fact-finding showed
the
corporations
could
meet
without
PR
Despite
could not be met without |
demands
if
return.
acceptable.
price rises, it would be up to the |
union to reduce its demands or
union
or,
a later
This,
monopoly-
If
special
—
| wished,
his own
a procedure,
Reuther
would also help collec-/|
in
of
Barry
Ariz.)
for UAW,
stitute
participate.
bargaining
advances
noon neared on the sec-
rector
the corporations
would
then
be free to do as they chose.
tive
exposed,
Sen.
(R.,
Weinberg,
in
The facts disclosed by
hearings would be public,
Such
argued,
though
Nar.”
ond day, Reuther asked to be
excused. He suggested that Nat
which interested parties (ineluding the union or unions
involved)
anticipated.)
When
The consumers’ counsel would
then
his
| committee member but a sort of
fraternal delegate — maintained
absolute silence.
sales
intention
its
declare
to
was
cautious
Goldwater
ac-
of
the
not
like this:
corporation
Reuther
as
prac-
“reserved”
of eae
Harry Southwell of Local 174 and Charles McDonald of Local
200, look as though they had a grim job ahead. They didn’t.
Alexander Wiley (R., Wis.)
for the first day and a half.
(Even
the half-day
extra was
The “ consumers’ counsel” pro- |
work
committee
co- CHAIRMEN
than
less
earning
Members
@
$2&&
a
vote
to
izes the board
monthly dues raise.
—
author-
$15 million
‘|fund below
M. Dirk-
proposal
Taxa
board is authorized to increase gps STONe ¢
dues by $1 a month until a $25 Ge « lin
million balance is reached. In at Baris
the same way, a drop in the oiif mi q
was
be-
the
for the most part, to the relahave
tively friendly queries of Sen.
that} | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (D., Wyo.)
Plan
posal would
to
Dirksen
prices and profits are no one’s} and
business but their owm
Sen.
*Counsel’
this
questions,
He contrasted the
UAW position with that
which
companies,
auto
maintained
consistently
of Sen. Everett
over-ruled
gaining program is based upon
the nation’s domestic and inter-
national needs.
said.
union
Ny
from Page 1
Continued
sen
(R,
DL).
Dirksen
first
sought to limit Reuther to the
prepared material in the 110page statement and its various
supplements. When
Kefauver
concen-
at the growing
turbed
cause
is “dis-
noted,
UAW,
the
Reuther’s
appearance
prolonged
in large
part
of
a matter
is really
conditions,”
statement
moral
even
transcends
lation
such
1
ct
Z LONE
JIM KALASARDO
ING
2
ed
;
Fd
leocac s24.presioenr
MARY
LOcAs 887, REG. S
REG.9, W.Y.
wewe
Leisr
WCAL 683, REGO
PORTIAC .micn,
HENRY R. HALL
LOCAL 1095, REG.S
‘SOUTH BEND, IND.
CLYDE PARSE
LOCAL 926 , REG. 2A
STRINGRELO, ONO
‘ALINVGIIOS—&
ow
Joann’ cons
LOCAL
237,REGB
MEMPHIS , TERM,
‘§ ‘geg
m
SS6l
And No Sweat:
GM Investor (Starting Even in 47)
Reaped Six Times Worker's Wages
WASHINGTON—iIn
six
been
has
it
years
the last 10
as
times
profitable to be a General Motors stockholder than a General
strenuous.
lot less
and a
—
worker
Motors
dramatic contrast bewages
and
dividends
The
tween
more
wages;
where
you
from
it
you're
and
prices
sense
no
RECESS’ CHAT seems to involve weighty problems, “That's
Estes Kefauver, of course, with Walter Reuther.
of examining
—
Quote
back
price
Little Corporation on Corner
Isn't Villain, Just Victim Too
WASHINGTON
— The
corporation on the corner
think like General
talk like General
vote like General
it ain’t.
Motors
Motors
Motors
little
may
—
and
and
but
In bad grammar but good
sense this is a point made in
No
were
prepared
time
before the McClellan
tee.
They
won’t
poena
us.
won't
have
there
the
We
have
will
voluntarily,
Fifth
to
to
ago
appear
committo
sub-
come
and
worry
Amendment
down
they
about
be-
cause we have nothing to hide
and we are going to tell them
everything we know.
“But I want to make it
clear that while we are not
going
to
Amendment
use
and
the
presentation
Senate committee
Fifth
refuse
to
talk, we are not going to be
put in a straightjacket and
be prevented from talking.”
about
The
the
UAW
three
the
steel,
auto,
food,
It
paper
noted
prised
1%
of
ing
that
glass
these
the
115,000
Bigger,
The
30
corporation
attributed
com-
of
country.
in
profits
31.1%
(after
taxes) in 1952; their share rose
by
nearly
one-third
in
five
years.
Clearly
the
big
grew
bigger.
The profit rise of the big
30 was 72.4% after taxes in the
same
period.
manufacturing
including
48.2%.
So
when
The
the
the
total
for
all
corporations—
30-—-was
a
mere
corporation
the corner’s
acting
say
the
trouble
is
that’s facing you,
The Mike Wallace
by
“But
30
manufactur-
raked
ceded.
available,
imagination
industries.
the
figures
~ rubber,
Biggest
same
all
in
don’t_make
on
blue, just
the same
ereases
of
no
to
They
whether
book
helped
make
be
increases,”
asserts.
prices
raise the
go
Just
shape
delegate
magnitude
up
or
not.
Natural
of
his
one
up
pocket-
convention
his
mind
about
UAW’s
1958
collective
bargaining program,
other
leen
replied.
“I'm
broke.”
Interview...
now
the
him
(because
he
worth
then,
richer.
would
$240,720.
stockhold-
10 years—
$283,660 in
life.
his
of
years
Productivity?
as
in
Take a Look
WASHINGTON—Higher wages,
according to industry,, have to
come out of higher productivity
if prices are to be kept on an
even keel.
|
If that’s
true,
it should
also
Does
this
if productivity
that
be true
rises faster than wages, prices
before
testimony
UAW’s
the
~
Senate last week:
In 1947 there were
from
the
4.8 million
buses
trucks and
cars,
| passenger
the
| turned
28)
in-
auto
figures
some
are
Here
the
in
Not
happen?
dustry.
down.
come
should
buy
can
Motors
and| | One
companies.
A nice thought,
production
out by 649,000
but:
for
speaks
profits. He
body’s
for himnot
members,
UAW
self.
|
| wages
to the
profits” of GM
UAW
the
proposed,
purchase
to
have
in the
extent
would
(those are bil$2,887,000,000
lions) worth of common stock
price.
ration.
All of which
way:
produce
To
GM
profits
of
worker
would
by
buying
entire
the
of
worth
net
two-thirds
is about
This
a $500 share
for
stock
of stock.
have
in
each
to
There
330,000
buy
UAW’
GM,
corpo-
this
of the
worker)
magic
Not
we
have
thought,
that
look
let’s
so
enough;
at the total cost of wages in
to the total cost
comparison
|
|
|
of
In
cars.
total
the
1947
vehicles
|}motor
parts
and
to
up
added
wages
| workers’
of
million (alProduction
to- $7,977
billion).
| amounted
$8
most
sales
| 21.6%.
But
with
part
the
were
only
going
up—
wages
production
| lion,
prices
an_
wages
of the cost.
kept
ever-shrinking
have 250|
are
about
for whom
this share.|]
members|
(if the aun |
brain is right) $214 billon
GM _ stockholders,
being
don’t
Nice
take
too
up,
went
but
argued,
each
250 shares of GM stock at $34|
would
True
it’s
314% of this sum. But in 1957,
|24.
of the
| when sales soared to $15.4 bil-
about
comes
workers
330,000 GM
the UAW would want
To
market
average
today’s
at
right,
All
to notice.
enough
or hardly
0.5%,
“share
to
order
in
Second,
Up
One
Down,
Production increased by 50%.
by
increased
work-force
The
Reuther
place
first
the
In
doesn’t want to share in any-
a share
Reuther
cost
etc.)
shares
10
vesting
wasn’t
he
General
auto
whether
he wanted
to talk
for or against the resolution
“Naturally I'm for it,” Kil-
President
6,018
er profited
worked
stockholder
splits,
Actually,
paid
week
shares
in 1847. By
stock
own
beginning.
a
only
industry”
in
stock
shares
by
every
half
he
provided
the
When he waved
his hand
for recognition during the debate, Robert Killeen of Local
879,
St.
Paul,
Minn.
was
asked
40 hours
auto
the
their
in-
of
1,003
getting
| workers, Ten years later 652,000
suggested that if Walter Reuther | production workers
turned out
of
“wants to share in the profits
|'7.2 million vehicles.
the
the
of
price
wage
wages
it Was
The
can
that
the statement
Moral;
stretch
was
A letter to the editor of
(Jan.
Wall Street Journal
con-
UAW
the
—
worker
All We Need
Is $2 Billion
wage
all
exceeded
or
than
While
in-
because
calculations
ratio
this
1952-53,
the year.
But that’s
only
the
$52,846
was
to better than 50% a year on his
of) investment.
As the
UAW
pointed
out,
that’s
more
than
six
times
what a worker earned for inthe}
earnings.|
less
—
a full
(A billion, remember, is 1,000
millions.)
There may be small errors in
companies
oil,
three-hundredths
corporations
Big,
of
only
and
LION.
these
companies
chemical,
be
GM
much
to only $278 MIL-
rise amounted
listed
electrical,
could
BILLION;
$14
nearly
years,
two
full-time
for
$45,988
As for Ford, the hike due to
profits in the same period was
here. For 30
dominant
of
wage
by
for
creases.
to the
presentation
MILLION
$730
because
that
and
increases;
accounted
giant corporations in 10 giant
industries accounted last year
for 40.2% of ALL the profits
earned by ALL the manufacturing corporations in America.
aluminum,
Speaking of the McClellan
investigation, President Reu-
We
the UAW’s
in
Straightjacket
ther was definite.
“We said a long
additional
BILLION
worker’s
age
panies.
Among its most striking findings was that since 1947, General Motors took in about $2.7
Big 30 Bigger:
Went
within
But
com-
auto
of the Big Three
tory
Sen.
in dividends
1,003 shares
he
Those
For the 10 years the holder
of 1,003 GM shares drew down
$97,786 in dividends. The aver-
his-
financial
the
working,
the
presentation
maintained
was
every year.
in its history
job
They
Except
before the Kefauver subcommittee last week the UAW did the
intensive
stock.
age
President
for
preparing
In
Walter P. Reuther’s appearance
most
110-page
in
1,003 shares of}
on
dividends
stock soared to twice the aver-
raises
bible,
drawn
paid
sum
of
holder
the
the
Up
only
right
sharply
to the
Kefauver
committee
here.
~ In 1947 an average GM worker — if he worked full-time —
earned $3,009. That was exactly
in getting
started.”
bosses’
the
UAW’s
GM
Their Billions:
Our Millions
“There’s
was
much.
though.
_.. Pictures
g
Solidarity
lot
of
members,
A
come.
signed —
worthless.
something
worth
has
letters
been
from
getting
UAW
welthey're
and
few, though, aren't
which makes them
If
worth
signing.
you've
saying
got
it’s
without Words
—<——
ny) a,
Inquiring Photographers Listen
As Delegates Discuss Program
Debate
is the
democracy
essence
is the very
of democracy,
essence
and
of the UAW.
Scores of delegates raised their voices on the
Jimmy
—
“I’m
Hogan,
“inquiring
photographer.”
amalgamated
all
of
purpose
At
us,
least
“Some
of
and
the
one.
will
It’s for
serve
whole
the
union.
that’s my opinion.
of
the
delegates
‘think the short workweek will
_ answer our problems. I work
:
Sanat Ohio Foundry—I'm president of the local—and I don’t think it will.
We need the kind of a flexible program we
adopted.
It can be adjusted to companies
of different size, and that’s what we need.”
Jack
Beni,
Local
72,
Kenosha
—
strong
The
local
conditions
and
thinks
seniority
just as important
Da.
fh gains.
working
are
as economic
American
Motors beats
us over the head with the Big Three contracts because our conditions are better.
“Oh, yes, I'd
that Local 72 is
gary on Nov. 5
kind of program
James
M.
like to tell
celebrating
this year.
spread out
Randolph,
the entire union
its 25th anniverWe'll have some
over the month.”
Local
“T can see that a lot of good
s
mthis
The
But
and I speak
it, there
are
length and adopted is a good one I think.
We. can go places with it. United as we are
with
ada
and
the United
;-
pick
up for a while.
“The
program
passed
by
this convention will do more
to help u than any other.
It has something
for all of us, big or little.
Our company
could not handle the short workweek;
it
would drive them out of business.
Now I
think we can go back with a good package
for negotiations.”
3
—
one
which
takes
imagina-
ers in the past that they were
working.
to whip
aircraft
work-
I think that
aircraft workers—
for Douglas
where
I work—are
ebles.
in
circulation,
and
Trowbridge, Local
If we
we've
Local
9, South Bend
want to implement
got to be prepared
being sure is to
kitty.
Then we
to strike one of
other big corpo-
22, Detroit—“This
is
convention.
I think the profit-sharming plan is a good idea, and it
vill help to keep
es of our country
-It should
4too,
n
get
more
people
That’s what we need.
We've got
this unemployment
problem, and
spreading the work through a_short workweek without increasing money in the consumers’ hands would not help us.”
Carter M. Paine, Local 887, Los Angeles—
“I’m on the grievance committee at North
American Aviation.
The new
unity among aircraft workers,
especially the joint IAM-UAW
setup, will give us a new tool
by
the
the
vit
chinists.
separate
O.—‘The
j
in balance.
hands:
more
of
job
35 workers now has three.
eliminated many jobs, and
any as they try to claim.”
that
money
to have
Automation has
has not created
“In
the
workers.
past
we've
for
had
a
certain amount of rivalry between the UAW and the Mafact, many times we've taken
this
that
have
won’t
We
Brookman,
a ay
Local
is a pioneer
gonly
to bring
smembership
533,
Fostoria,
in the effort
benefits
but
nity,
too.
Our
one.
It should
well
as our own
has something
the
new
not
to the
commu-
program
in it for every-
prove
that
we
are interested in promoting
the good of the community as
consumers
used
aircraft
paths.
Eleanore
help unemployment,
putting
In
a better contract
Britain's Amalgamated Engineering Union, represented by
William Bradley (right of banner) presents symbol of international solidarity to the UAW.
And this new joint UAW-IAM action
time.
should reap benefits for alli of the aircraft
workers—not just our members or the IAM
members.”
the econom-
where it will do more good.
“We've had quite a bit of
= automation at Cadillac where
You can really see what it’s done to
One
to make
problems and put
right track.
Also
to fight for it. One way of
have enough money in the
can be prepared if we have
the Big Three or any of the
rations.”
Hinton,
would
that a strong program
helped particularly by
action.”
this is necessary.
our bold program
All in favo’
Secretary-Tf »
Louis Hearington, Local 734, Chicago —
“My local union is an amalgamated one, and
in the UAW
among
|
“steel division) this convention
s timely.
There's quite a bit
of
unemployment,
I think
about 70%.
And it doesn’t
ook as though production will
“Profit-sharing as put forth
plan would put a lot more money
Bfeeling
force.
States.”
ion and proves again that the
proves our unselfishness.
“As for the dues increase,
work
in Can-
things
it has something for others,
besides
our
members,
and
the
can
to
the
aircraft
workers just the same as auto.
“There's
been
a_
strong
solve our
us on the
Iwork.
we
Harry Scott Jr., Local 917, Canton, O—
“In view of the“conditions at our plant (AuREG
tomatic Steel Products, Spun-
collective bargaining that will
a great
that
get for the entire membership—both
from
convention is going the way I figured
Now
right.
it would—just
we've got a new program for
Mary
things
JAW always comes up with
7a plan that hits at our trou-
joint IAM-UAW
—“The
more
in aircraft will be reThe dues increase to
beginning to realize
is being developed,
Leonard
on me.
Tulsa—
some kind of orphans, just a stepchild to the
auto industry.
It’s still there to a certain
extent.
impression
a
made
“el’m the financial secretary.
We kind of like this profitharing plan. It’s a good“idea
will come
convention.
we seek
solved.
:
1093,
first
is the
this
program
this convention we can go back to the mem-
“Our
workers
“It’s good to meet other
delegates and get their ideas.
that we have discussed at
“After
bership and explain our program.
.This will dispel any
false impressions which may
have been created by propaganda appearing in the press.
Ont.
local union—an
conducted
been
has
Paul A. Williams, Local 1188, Cleveland—
is a good
1F
convention I’ve ever had the
privilege to attend. The democratic way this convention
are some of the responses to the question,
“What do you think of this convention and
the 1958 collective bargaining program?”
board
Windsor,
office
group—and
Here
“I think the bargaining program outlined by
the
international
executive
240,
the president of my
convention floor, and others spoke frankly to
Solidarity’s
Local
er ee
“T
work
at
division of Electric Auto-Lite
secretary
of the local,
the
members,
Spark
Corp., and
Plug
secretary-treasurer
am
of
the National Auto-Lite Council, and director
of the 8th district COPE.
I find that women
in our union have a lagging interest in politics.
They have to be activized.”
This view of the crowded press-room at Masonic Temple
proves that reporters, as well as delegates, had a hard
time finding elbow-room to do a job. All hands overcame
difficulties.
©
mployment and Full Production Key to Higher Living-Standards
e and Greater Security for Peace and Freedom in the World’
MAROLO L BLOOMING BORG
LOCAL N22 . REG. A
HEWTON MASS,
ROBERT Vv. GRAY
LOCAL 303 CANADA
TORONTO, ONT.
Pen-and-ink
Pages
sketches
here
2 and 3 by John
and
yn
ae
LOCAL $00, REGIA
HF, MICHIGAN
on
Gelsavage.
Warm embrace of Walter P. Reuther and young Mexican
visitor obviously amused some of his platform colleagues.
Below,
is
his
chin,
answer
inference
Vice
to one
following
President
Leonard
aircraft
session.
feet give a different meaning
to banner.
Woodcock
of the reporter's questions
the
poised
at a
ip iitrative assistants Don Rand (Mazey), Jack Con‘woeuther)
and
Joe
Mooney
(Gosser) — seldom
~-psed—huddle with Mazey, Region 4 Director Bob
in (back to camera) and Vice President Gosser.
Region
1-B
Director
William
McAulay
checks
Detroit newspaper story on what was happening
at the special convention . . . or was it?
Work over for the moment,
Reuther
beams his satisfaction at a guccess-
ful convention,
SOLIDARITY,
Feb,
3,
:Soapy Slaps GOP Stand
‘On UAW, Queries Potter
The
goverhor
eased
of
his
way
admirers
form
at
in
delegates
identified
sponsible
you
people
Michigan
through
and
the
vention
of
a
took
UAW’s
the
throng
plat-
special
Detroit
to
con-
tell
the
he was “proud to be
with the honest, relabor movement that
here
represent.”
The delegates were obviously
proud of G. Mennen Williams,
too.
They
stood
up
and
cheered,
they
yelled,
“Give
it
to ‘em, Soapy!,” and they applauded so long and so hard
that
Williams
had
to raise his
hands to get them to stop. He
did,
after all, haye
a long
formal speech to deliver, and
after
he
said,
had
he
you
wanted
folks
The
done
that,
“to
for just
he
talk
to
a moment.”
Democratic
governor
apo-
logized for having laryngitis, but
his bad throat did not keep him
from:
@ Discussing the current recession
and
the
“Eisenhower
army of the unemployed;”
@ Castigating Sen. Barry M.
Goldwater
(R., Ariz.)
and defending the UAW and its president against Republican slurs;
@ Posing embarrassing
tions for two Republican
tors
to
quesSena-
answer;
@ Referring
to “union-busting” right to work laws.
Speaking of a $55-a-plate
“Salute - to - Eisenhower” dinner
in Detroit
a few days before the
convention
Goldwater
opened,
was
the
at
which
principal
speaker, Williams said the RePublicans
“blasted
the_
living
daylights out of the labor movement
and
completely
themselves
as
identified
anti-labor.”
Pre-Judgment
While he didn’t run the labor
movement nor did it run him,
the governor asserted, “we do
agree
and
on
one
a
number
of them
of
things,
is that
we
are
not going to get prosperity back
in America unless we pump some
money
into consumer purchasing-power by having
decent,
high-standard wages for all our
people throughout the country.”
ple
“What
“when
in the world can peo-
think,”
Williams
this Republican Senator
(Goldwater)
troit
amd
the
asked,
comes here to De-
says
that
committee
in
of which
March
he
is
a member is going to investigate Walter Reuther and the
UAW,
and
then proceeds
to
blast
and
damn
the
whole
UAW before it has even had
a chance to be heard?
“This
whole
makes
a
system
of
travesty
“Walter
our
Congressional
investigations.”
Quoting
Goldwater’s
that
of
Reuther
remark
and
the
UAW
are
a
more
dangerous
menace
than
the sputniks
or
anything Russia might do,” Wil-
liams
turned
Walter
left,
P.
and
Reuther,
you
are,
to
President
seated
said:
“Heavens
guy
to UAW
Betsy,
Walter.”
at his
what
a
In a more serious vein, Williams declared that union members are “just like anybody else
and
to haye
them
called
worse
‘Big, Bad 3" of GOP
“High
interest,
low
em-
ployment and a depression in
agriculture are the identifying
signatures
present
lican
time
and
both
previous
boots
there
in the White
Mennen
you
is
a
can
the
Repub-
administrations.
these three occur
ultaneously,
Special
of
bet
Any
sim-
your
Republican
House.”—Gov. G.
Williams
to the
convention.
UAW
than
communists
is
something
we resent. We are not
take this lying down.
What
About
“What
the
governor
and
vocated
menace,
adequate
fair
pensions,
employment
do?
the Senator,
these
anything
to
things
the Russians
these
ad-
unemployment
Are
posed
have
decent
schools,
I ask
“Walter
the UAW
practices:
than
anyway?”
asked.
compensation,
better
to
Potter?
is a
Reuther
going
“I am confident
worse
can
is he op-
things?
the citizens
of Michigan
disagree wholeheartedly
with
the
Senator
from Arizona, I would just like
to ask the Republican Senator
from Michigan
(Charles Potter) whether he agrees with
the
Senator
from
Arizona.”
what
the
1958
progress.
UAW
wants
bargaining
for
councils
progress
adopted
Locals
and
workers,
not
and
only
as
citizens,
inter-
should
viduals who spend
lives within
the
health
model
as
in
clauses
the
past
on
such
discrimination
and
The
indi-
much of their
factory,”
the
resolution said.
The
board has
prepared
as
and
safety.
resolution
was
‘Army’
took a slap at
to work” laws.
an attempt to
placed
called
the
cause
“this
Eisenhower
of
its
He called
the
jobless
severe
of
re-
the
cians
ments
adopted
after a short discussion, during
which
several
speakers
stressed
the
importance
of
strong
seniority
clauses
and
elimination
of regional
wage
differentials.
money
thousands
and
of
other
of
GOP
politi-
to blame state governforunemployment
“won’t
fool
national
anyone.
recession
knows
lican
hard
“the Eisenhower
army
unemployed,” and said
attempts
one
administration
in Michigan
states
of the
in
breadwin-
but
he
policy.
press for these clauses “in the
light of our continuing concern
for the dignity and status of all
matters
Williams
union
councils.
your life threatarm shot full of
“restrict
the
freedom
of
all
Americans. We want none of it
here in Michigan.”
it. The
policy
of
This
and
is a
every-
old
Repub-
hard
money
and
hard
times
is
being
shipped across the nation once
urges
model
the
to the ex-
have government tell both labor
and management how to run a
plant, the governor asserted, and
calling
on
corporation
by
even
Williams also
so-called “right
Such laws are
because
national
executive
board
be
used as a basis for the formulation of such demands.”
ners
Eisenhower's
“to make substantial
in the achievement”
clauses
unions,
lead, whether that is a greater
menace than anything the Russians can do?”
the
to see
of these
demands,
it
that “where applicable,
the
tent of having
ened and your
That’s
local
addition
to
unions and
side
whether
and out-
cession, this tragic unemployment” directly at the door of
and non-economic contract demands, according to a resolution
passed unanimously at the special convention.
In
local
the
labor
movement,
fighting corruption in
what
Money? Sure;
But More, Too
Substantial
“I want to ask the Senator
from Arizona whether fighting
to throw the communists out of
the
governor
to
the
convention,
Reuther
declared that Williams’ critics had
been
answered
Michigan
elected
with
the
by
“who
the
elected
governor
increasing
people
and
five
majorities.”
of
re-
times
Despite attempts by the newspapers to make it look otherwise, Reuther
said the UAW
“had neither asked’
- received
patronage
or
special
from Williams.
privileges”
“We have asked for one fundamental
thing:
good,
honest
goyernment, government with a
heart,
government
responsive
to
the needs not of the corporations, but of the people, and wé
are
proud
to
say
that
we
have
supported Governor Williams because
of
this
he
has
sponsible,
given
state
that
honest,
ernment,”
the
people
kind
of
decent
Reuther
re-
declared.
vention
goy-
by
news
Yardley,
speed
with
which
is Goy. G. Mennen
shows
him
an
early
ident
that
are
gates
hearing
Norman
“we
taking
to
are
the
this
UAW
Vice
Pres-
Matthews
prepared
fight
special
and
on,”
say
we
dele-
convention
voted
unanimously
for a resolution
on speedups
which
“reaffirms the determined
opposi-
tion
of
speedup
the
and
UAW
to
urges
all forms
local
of
unions
to be vigorous and aggressive in
protecting
their
members
against management
efforts to
impose
an
unreasonable
work
pace.”
The
resolution
@
Commends
tional
executive
the
internaboard
for
speedup-plagued
locals
when-
the
union’s
granting
ever
authorization
necessary.
@
Again
states
to
opposition to incentive or piece
work plans.
e
Calls for intensified technical aid from
the time-study
experts of the union’s research
and
engineering
Discussing
lution,
tor
also:
strike
department.
the
speedup
Matthews,
of
the
Chrysler
who
is
reso-
direc-
department,
putes.
@
Calls for assistance to Ca-
said
the
union
faced
“a very
serious
situation”
in
Chrysler
and particularly in the Dodge
Main plant in Detroit.
“In the latter part of 1956,
we had some 135,000 people on
the payroll
in Chrysler, mem-
such
“Presently we are
70,000, and yet in
@
Reaffirms
ditional
policy
the
of
right to strike
standards
and
union’s
reserving
tra-
the
over production
piece-rate
dis-
nadian locals in their fight to
repeal legal restrictions against
@
strikes.
cessing
Presses
of
for
quicker
production
pro-
standard
grievances and the discontinuance of the practice of disciplining
workers
who,
despite
reasonable
production
dispute
@
is
Seeks
competitive
loads
and
effort, fail to meet
standards while the
pending.
to
eliminate
factor
production
from
the
work-
standards.
bers
of
our
union,”
he
said.
lucky to have
the first nine
months
of
last year,
Chrysler
made
unheard-of
profits.
“We are prepared, and we are
taking this fight on,” he declared,
in
reviewing.
the
speedup
situation at Dodge. “If we strike
the
Dodge
within
will
just
am
eee
be
the
down.
that
if
plant,
every
Chrysler
we
agreement,”
We
structure
intend
cannot
plant
to
come
do
to
Williams.
covered
Our
copy.
the
photo
coy
chief, Jil
Impress Foreign Guests'=
3
gts
The
three-day
special
convention proved something
be-
sides the UAW’s
unity.
democratic—the
is.
There
were
unionists and
sitting in on
had
them
come
a
60
from half-way
around
world—just to watch the
delegates
draw
up their
gaining
When
the
conyention
expressed
UAW
and
but
up to one thing—
admiration
both
for
and its alert rank and file.
Personal
Four
Angle
of
the
visitors
personal appreciation of
problems. These men had
up
varied
differently,
they all added
respect
the
was
over their reactions were
and
of
3,000
bar-
program.
from
Mexico
where
had.
a
UAW
come
they
rep-
resent 8,000 workers in plants
managed by Ford, Chrysler and
Willys, as well as in smaller, independent shops.
Another.
quartet
came
from
Great
Britain,
speaking
for
Amalgamated Engineers
Preceding
the
Union,
delegates.
rose
in
tion and
Chrysler
from
of
locals
the
resolu-
described attempts by
to change
production
of long
Meader,
standing.
Local
7,
Detroit,
said
“our
workers
are
being
forced,
driven,
squeezed
and
crowded
on
the
Cc.
Dodge
to
produce
jobs by the hour,”
Pat Quinn,
president
Main
supported
said
more
much
blamed
3,
go
enough.
the
it didn’t
work
Local
of
decentralization,
far
the
with
of
Detroit,
resolution
speedup
plants
tion
machine
UAW
of
auir
4
shops. TH
to UAW
(i)
but
He
on
in
the
ICFTU
(to
ie
«0m
had
traipsed
Sweden
and
even
Detroit
gium,
from
Germany,
as
away as India,
Still another handful
91d
Italy
1
Be's'!
©
’
'»
fa}
~
Fran”
and
Hollaipiico#
through the offices of the Eurjis®
pean
Production
interests
were
approaches
to
technological
Two
more
Agency.
US.
Thi
trade
a
aip
improvements.
from
‘
uni!
automation
were
+f
arriviirr
from Belgium, Denmark,
Germany,
is
“Lu «
whic):
belongs)
‘'0'%
Japajcn!
1st
Another 35 carried passporioq?*.0
from Brazil, Bolivia, Colombidnimc
Chile, Ecuador, Peru and Cos#
Rica.
He
Was
Amazed
Among those who gathered ¢) has
the conyention platform
afte
the
final
gavel
had
bangepn=
down
was
Luis
Quijano,
an
ojf)
14
i (9)}t
workers
ficer of the Chrysler
Mexico.
“I was
amazed,”
he
saidbis*
“how democratically the dis-9*!
cussions
were
carried
onpo
Your
several
Chrysler
support
standards
Joe
Matthews,
including
iB
ai
national Metalworkers Federz3o""
trade
way—some
trades,
swe”
metip
Other members of the Inteigin!
their interpreters
the sessions who
long
working
presented a banner
photo Page 5).
union
some
anorganization
that
across
nearly
all the
steel and
It proved you don’t necessarily have to know the language to realize how dynamic
Speedup Push Keyed to Chrysler
After
Solidarity
UAW'sDemocracy, Unif\«\
—and
again.”
Introducing
IMPRESSED
president,
insisted
on
speaking!”
“The
the
spirit
your
of
members!”
Garduno,
Ford
Reuther:
hej!
oppositionto'
unity
amonjomse
said
Adriaipi™
workers’
officeié>'>
“One can’t help but admire
way
they decided to raise
strike fund,”
“Yes,”
Garcia C.,
dependent
have
too
an
bad
said
impressive
a labor law
we have in
Quijano’s
duct
echoed
of
Echanoyijor
an officer for the inf!
shop
workers,
“youu
you
All Share
Jorge
thi)
thi
don't
union.
haye
as
It'/§D).*
goocooR
in this country
Mexico.”
Aims
reaction
the
to the
con
convention
by C. W. Hallett,
ue
vs
®
<
was
genera)
itu
union
various
locations
competing secretary of the British
3
“Everybody got an opportunity
against each other.
"he said
said pees
Quinn
also
detailed
events to express his views,”
leading up to the
board's
executive
strike
authorization
Local
15,
Ernest
C.
international
of
granting
Dillard,
Detroit,
to his local.
Fleetwood
accused
the
‘General Motors Corp, of deliberately provoking a strike over
production
standards
and
other
issues last year at the Willow
Mich.
in Ypsilanti,
plant
Run
because it helped management
lower its heavy transmission in-
ventories.
“We should find some way to
make that type of strike
hurt
the company,” he declared.
ee ee ae
Alli soupanere et
OFFICIAL
PUBLICATION,
Automobile,
United
Union,
Agricultural Implement
Internationally
Aircraft and)
Workers of Amer
weekly.
Published
jea, AFL-CIO.
subscription
to
members,
60c;
members,
$2.50.
WALTER
P.
to
Yearly)
non
|
REUTHER
President
EMIL
MAZEY
Secretary-Treasurer
RICHARD
GOSSER
NORMAN
MATTHEWS
WOODCOCK
LEONARD
PAT GREATHOUSE
Vice:Presidents
|
.
ee
ott
|
ployes.
feel
| the
ir
village
part-time
the
with
I can
kers. If the money
ways try to get them
n they ask for it.”
Unionist
g-Time
has
‘Michael
of
been
his
ber
for
23
p lost
his
previous
village
is there,
45
mnitly.
an
-time
job
which
pays
e
was
pril
also
a
delegate
convention
in
the
Atlantic
ade“president
» ano
of
\
ina
non-partisan
tion in April, 1957. He had
opposition. Prior to that he
ryed
four
trustees,
years
the
the village.
on
the
governing
board
body
Especially proud of Stoninga | ton’s municipally-owned light
oe and water plants, DeMichael
24 says getting natural gas for the
| LANSING — The president of
Michigan Farmers Union,
aes
d“\John Spoelman, has been denied a post on the state agri-
commission
y@*Republican
‘yoring
e\farm
|
He
of
opposition to his faprice
products.
had
of
because
been
supports
appointed
for
by
w@Goy. G. Mennen Williams, but
ithe GOP-dominated Senate vot-
21-7,
confirmation,
ofed against
‘after he was hatcheted by Sen.
(R., Fenno#Edward Hutchinson
tradicted
out at the
of
When
would
said
by
Commerce’s
Fund.
Industrial
sheet
passed
up
setting
village
and
things
he is working
program
defense
now.
two
right
on
that eyen though
He conceded
plant,
the
in
job
full-time
his
are
Asked
a civil
his union duties and his village
very
“very,
him
keep
duties
busy, I like them all and I will
probably run for reelection after
ex-
term
four-year
my current.
pires.”
chairman.
“This man
a
as
charged.
radical,”
racy and
his
“In
a fact
by
socialism
Williams
and
| girls.
Spoelman’s
from
pro-price-sup-
port stand
in opposition
vote
be
retary of Agriculture
Benson. “I don’t see
can
way,”
both
stemmed
opposition
GOP
said
to Sec-
Ezra Taft
how their
interpreted
Williams
any
said.
1957.
There
are
now
figures
assets
in
a growth
in
720,000
1,036
of
78,-
000 new members,
During the
past year, 94 new credit unions
were organized.
Loans outstanding
increased
from
$205
to members
million
to
an estimated $245 million during
1957. Member's shares and deposits
reached
an _ estimated
$290 million
lion
at the
as against
end
of
has the
Controls
1956,
$242 mil-
boys
and
Security
of
groups
major
- retail
Wholesale
only
drawing
were
workers
trades
65c an hour, apparel
workers were getting 80c and
even metal fabrication industry earnings were only $1.90,
support
was
he
the
NYDIHSIW—L
Chamber
4,
-
—
Zimmerman
it,
@
the
of
“unaware”
it and
into
“look
would
but
bill
if
areas
§
do our best.” Both
the U. 8,
Chamber of Commerce and the
National Association of Manufacturers
are
Douglas bill.
opposing
the
Indiana Ex-Cell-O
Plant Goes UAW
—
Ind.
ELMWOOD,
UAW
was
to
163.
workers
chosen by the Ex-Cell-O
here
No
were
no
challenged
one
the
182
of
a
voter
The
vote
by
was
in
was
election
year,
last
There
doubt.
ballots.
in
than
closer
the
which
union lost by 34 votes. In each
case, the anti-UAW vote was a
at-
result of savage, relentless
tack by the corporation.
from
certification
as
soon
As
NLRB comes in and temporary
officers are chosen, the group is
expected to join the Ex-Cell-O
14
Region
of which
Council,
Co-Director Edward Cote is director.
Other UAW Ex-Cell-O plants
City,
Detroit and Traverse
in
are
Bluffton,
and
Fostoria
Lima,
and
Mich.,
Ohio.
Farmer-Labor Association
Makes Political Hay in lowa
Strike
negotiations.
MUSKEGON
consecutive
113’s
—
For
year,
the
education
its
has
annual
essay
contest in which a high school
senior can win $200 in scholarship aid.
Gordon
Smith,
committee
chairman, said the subject for
this year’s competition is “Au-
tomation:
Its
Problems
and
Benefits.” The deadline for entries is March 3.
He
explained
worth
one
of
and
$75
will
graduating
the
that
five
be chosen
Awards
Smith
Local
has
in
an
said.
113
won
be
a_
prize
in
each
awarded
student
area
from
receive
an
assistance.
that
high
among
additional
$125
will
not
be
for
the
amount
The
after
accredited
winner
he
has
college,
will
who'll
winner
a grand
in
choice.
in
cash,
will
bill
he
enrolled
univer-
sity, business or trade school
his
to
schools,
them
he
which
siderable pride.
“The association
of
in
co-
is
con-
with
made
is
up
farmer-
and
members
union
the
to
the associa-
secretary-treasurer,
of
Waterloo,
conyention
special
of
tion,
Local
committee
delegate
a
Detroit, discussed
fifth
UAW
and
838,
Local
UAW
president
Condon,
F.
Gene
UAW‘s
5th Essay Contest
Secre-
South
those
“Remember
were
who
farmers
Dakota
fined for throwing tomatoes
at Benson? Well, our mem-
Ia.,
Local Announces
to
referring
Con-
tion’s officers.
of
contract is in
said,
like Benson,”
don
were
SoliThe
1956,
don’t
sure
members
association
“Our
er-Labor Association promises
to be even more active this year,
according to one of the associa-
pile-up of
on seniority
darity
went
to
press,
plant was organized in
the second
way.
Formed during the 56 campaign, the 3rd District Farm-
went out Jan, 16 and
still on the bricks as
and
two
workers at Detroit
here on strike. They
announced
represent a
of
approxi-
membership
two
BOSTON—A
grievances based
are synony-
Swainson
anything
of
democ-
blasted Hutchinson’s statements
as “harsh and unjust.”
than
parents
Seniority
mous.” Sen. John B. Swainson
(D., Detroit), party floor leader,
Mich-
the
by
meeting
con-
were
H
Paul
Sen.
which
would
Springfield is the state capitol
A two-year-old political association of farmers and workers
of Illinois.
|in Iowa is getting ready to put the skids under anti-farmer,
DeMichael
and his wife are
-labor, anti-consumer politicians in the state’s 3rd Conanti
natives of Stonington and the
gressional District as the 1958 political campaign gets under
Hutchinson
mind,
democratic
in Springfield.”
reputation
a
has
he replied
convention,
hesitation:
UAW
conventions
are
T’ve seen
committee
business
ville),
what he thought of the
special
without
“Our
more
of
village
small
the
of
mayor
is
work
of
hour.
an
THE MAYOR GETS an introduction — UAW Region 4 Director
Bob Johnston (center) introduces one of the delegates from his
(right), to Secretary-Treasurer Emil
region, Mike DeMichael
Mazey on the convention platform. DeMichael, a past president
751,
“high
that
were
area
the
in
workers
found to be earning $1 or less
h
mately $55 million over 1956 and
tive bargaining program is expressed by Robert J. Mills of
the
of
Hilty,
Bob
asked
a
of
passage
urged
also
provide help for distressed
such as Traverse City.
and
met
Douglas
for
hunt
aggressive
bill sponsored by
Douglas
(D., Il.)
factor
Three
The
new
growth
in
*
They
a contributing
Commission.
Michigan
members
credit unions.
Amalgamated
Local 155, Detroit, during convention
debate,
Mills
also
expressed
concern over transfer of work
from one plant to anotber,
Back
the
told
education
in Labor
was
Employment
igan
ing
:
lack
the
to
Assets of Michigan credit unions —
a sizeable number
of
them in UAW locals — reached
an estimated $325 million dur-
1958 collec-
the unTrain
unions,
squeals
are
wages”
Michigan's Federal
Credit Unions Grow
for the
Idle
City
Industry
other
SUPPORT
was
state.
State GOP Nixes Benson Foe
/ieulture
re-
About 23% of the area’s work
force is idle, one of the highest
levels of unemployment in the
of Caterpillar Local
Stonington, HL
é
gesture
Chamber
23%
only
to
from
Traverse
committee.
safety
plant
the
4
for stee)
construction
an
storage,
Director
1D
Region
help
speaker
inderstanding wife.
“I’ve been so pressed for time
t I have had to give up all
ut two of my local union du.” he said with a note of
the
share
op-
panel discussion of “New EmCity.”
Traverse
for
ployment
was
representative
Chamber
Another
Zimmerman.
Jack
mornings on village business.
“Being village president does
eep me very busy,” he said
uring an interview at the conion. “It’s supposed to be a
develop-
dockage,
front
lake
warehouse
reply that it would use any
labor representatives “whereever possible.”
assistant,
his
and
Robinson
Charles Rogers, took part in a
inspector on
at Cat per-
_ Working as an
he second shift
help
the
of
ment
to now, industry leaders
shoved aside any offers
the
years,
in
to
Robinson's
joined the UAW about two
s ago after getting a job in
6 new Cat plant in Decatur.
job
welcome
City,”
of
a union
Robin-
shipping business and financial
encouragement for local plants
planning expansion.
Up
haye
a raise
were
Rogers
and
by
offered
Suggestions
some
portunity
would
Robinson
Kenneth
Grand Traverse CIO
institute, held here
Hall.
fonist said, “but I try to be as
as
getting
son
verse
fence
the
of
side
other
of
sponsibility for solving
problem
employment
sitting
funny
of
kind
task
2,700 unemployed
workers
back
on the job ought to be a com-|
munity-wide
project.
“We
conditions with six full-time
several
the
area
this
in
com-
below the rate for other
munities in the state.
UAW
qea ‘ALINVOITO
work-
and
iptiate on wages
think
CITY—The
unions
other
and
to ne-
has
he
TRAVERSE
little town of 1,130 people
of Stonington, a
(mayor)
les from Decatur, and in
capacity
A Community Problem
special convention in Detroit didn’t know it, but
midst, and he had a delegate’s badge!
( “Mike”) DeMichael of Caterpillar Local 751, Deca-
ost of the delegates to the UAW’s
e was an employer sitting in their
e “employer” was delegate Te Wee
tl.
e DeMichael is village president
OFFd
Convention? |Traverse City Jobless—
mployer’ at UAW
Ezra
tary of Agriculture
Benson,
Taft
bers took up a collection and
sent the money to South Dakota to help pay the fines.”
tween us can mean better legislation in the state and the election of candidates to state and
positions
government
members of the National Farm- | federal
who will be responsive to our
National
the
and
Union
ers
needs.
individOrganization,
Farmers
ual farmers who don’t belong to
“We in the UAW, especially
any farm group, and even some
in the midwest, and the memBureau
Farm
said. “Virtually
members,”
Condon
all of the merged
AFL-CIO central bodies in the
district are represented in ‘the
association, and individual
members of the UAW, the PackWorkers
inghouse
international
other
belong.”
Opener
Eye
Condon
tion,
unions
Helps
credited
Eye Opener radio
get
to
helping
‘ogether
workers
the
(UPWA)
organization
of
the
and
also
UAW’s
program with
and
farmers
boosting
and
the
associa-
area
our
in
farmers
“The
in
hear the show over KXEL
Waterloo,” he said, “and it has
given
them
incide
for
a new
perspective
on
political action. It has gotten
them to realize that the interests of farmers and workers cothat
a
the
solidly
most
united
part,
front
and
be-
of UPWA
bers
concerned
with
well-being
farmers.
particularly
are
After
the
of
all,
economic
family
our
make
we
must
farmers
the equipment
have the money to buy, and
packinghouse workers process
the products farmers must sell
at a decent price.
“There’s
our
our
no
question
that
but
interests are the same, and
Association
Farmer-Labor
is translating this into practical
action
political
the
on
terms
fron.t.
“I
think
role
don’t
in
we
the
want
played
to boast,
an
election
of
but
important
a liberal
Democrat as governor of a normally Republican state.”
Condon was referring to Gov.
Herschel C. Loveless, first Demo-
crat to be elected
Iowa in 20 years.
I
governor
of
8
—
Pictures
in
History
zLabor
rc IST AS THEY had fought years before for free public
1
™
=
»
-
battle for passage
helped
unions
measure
The
bill.
education
all,
for
education
school
The bill was considered the
vance for education concerned
was
of a federal
the Morrill
trade
their
and
workingmen
low-cost college
of 1862.
Act
greatest single legislative adwith agriculture and the me-
chanical arts. It provided large grants of land to the states
for establishing, supporting and maintaining colleges (upper
left) which would teach these as well as military subjects.
The bill, however, left it up to each state legislature to
=
x supervise the teaching. Result was, many of the land-grant
< schools glossed over “the liberal and practical education of
a
>
goal.
a the industrial] classes” which the law had cited as.a
Meanwhile, in 1866, a group of union leaders called to°
“ gether “the first National Labor Congress ever convened in
;
the United States.”
Chosen president was William H. Sylvis, soon to become
the first truly national labor leader the country had known.
An active union organizer after joining the stove workers
and molders union, he traveled any way he could from one
end of the country to the other, talking to molders in every
city he visited (ower left). By 1865 he had built the union
the
to
nation’s
In these years
largest.
the country
was
undergoing
in dealing
with
a top boss he never could
a tremendous
industrial expansion. Railroads were starting to bridge the
continent (right), connecting the different sections into one
economic whole.
More and more the individual worker lapsed into insignificance.
Powerless
see—the corporation—his
man” was the union.
only
way
back
to “feeling like a
Another Depression? Just Keep Ike'sResponse to Sputniks: )
Grass
-Root
s
Schoo
l
Slash
—
Going Like This, Big Three Told
WASHINGTON
pre-union
prosperity
years
from
the productivity
went
up
three
— During
of
1920
the}
national}
to
1929,|
as
fast
span,
the
though the
UAW
found,
money aver-
But
auto workers’
productivity
age dropped
of auto workers
times
that
even
as|
rose
nearly
their wages—and this, in turn,
It was
played a major part in creat-| that led
ing
the
great
depression
followed, the UAW
here
committee
which}
about
up
went
dustry
the
in
pay
hour's
in
16%
if
|| Stop = Thinking!
|
||
to
The
first
get
the
woman
floor
at
the
delegate
special
maybe
think
a
What
;
|
||
|
few
littl:
the
things
men
about.”
Lucille
Leist
1
In a study of why
the depres-
of
| were
even
passed
||trial
on
prices,
were
only
of Pon- |) Consumer
tiac Local 653 had in mind
was
public
opinion,
but
it
took
a
while
before
the
laughter
subsided
and
she
was able to make her point.
rising
prices.
in
2
|
and salaries rose only 7%
5
aircraft
their
and
from
o ie
missile
negotiations,
Page
from
the
“I can
Away
say
for
the
automotive
told the}
+
¢
=
economic
|
‘pointing
and
|tion
the
of
here
and
and
| tion
union
to
back
workers at the
in 1958.”
“Aircraft
ers,
any
mobile
workers
equipment
commit
the
missile
than
or
the
workers,
of
UAW’s
the
table|
work-
auto-
are
farm
not
aircraft
de-
partment,
said.
“But
by
the
same token, they are not going to walk away from a
fight.
“Their representatives are go-
ing
to
the
termined
get
bargaining-table
that
the
;RaE
“i
also
workers,
for
emphasizes
the
such
in
.
If
the
most
of
is
still
a cut
a
price
a
$100
the
year,
lic
very
in
much
stories
on
aircraft
a
resolu
the
it clear,
to
this
however,
workers
de-|
will
respectful
treatment
and
justice,
and
that
the
industry
cannot be allowed to hide be-|
hind the federal government to/|
|
car
alive,
|
Tex.—This
industrial
city
passed
an
the
American
Federation
of
State,
County
and
to
refused
had
levy
to
signed
a
fine
divulge
in
an
of
the
$200
against
names
organizing
of
a
new
campaign.
union
eral
Garland
laws
laws
to
were
mean
cititheir
far-
meet
adopted
in
part
the
of
taxable
property
military
posts,
aid
Law
for
815
the
construction
told
would
fact.
that
When
prices
auto
last
makers
fall,
with
our
side
—
in
re-
or
fed-
of
workers
who
he
raised
much
car
talk
analyzed
the
that year, the Wall
wage boosts for the rest of the
company’s
employes,
preduces
than
And
$40,”
even
cost increase of less
he
concluded.
this,.
makes no allowance
productivity.
of
federal
population
(but
no
fi‘
hi:
bys!)
as}:
Congression-}10\
for
scholarships
init
high}s
come before college,
we recruit tomor-}10/4
fail
Criticizes
Blue
to}i
schoolpo:
children?
Cross
PHILADELPHIA
— Joseph
Kelley of the Philadelphia
T.
In-}i:
He
haspfi
dustrial Council and president}:
of Local 113 of the Internation-}:
al Union of Electrical Workers}:
says that workers in his region}:
are
“deeply
dissatisfied”
with}
Blue
asked
practices.
Cross
the
state
to investigate pilsu
course,
for higher
Blue
Cross.
To Tee Or Not To Tee
NEW
YORK—Have
any
doubts
about
the
economic
downturn? Check what is happening at Trans-World Airlines.
is sifting company-paid
TWA
golf memberships of executives
to see how many should be elim-
inated.
He's Candidate
Delegate
Local
fund
an indicated
the
row’s
engineers
if we
provide
for
today’s
Street Journal writer said such
a
wage
increase
would
haye
added less than $25 to the cost}
of the car.
hour
school
school must
Where
will
of
“Even adding in, to the extent
possible,
equivalent
percentage
~
increased
Quoting
Benson
Ford,
vicepresident of the Ford Motor Co.,
as saying wages had gone up
an
cases
projects haye taken as much
as 75% of the locally-taxable
land from a district, and have
delphia
upper ranges of the low-priced
group,
the
writer
noted
the
prices had been raised from $85
to $135.
18.6c
some
P) 1
insurance
hospital-medical
the
"
field following a request for an‘
-)
increase in rates by the Phila-
price figures,
Using a four-door sedan in the
anti-
(In
science and engineering.
But grammar school and
about labor costs, not everyone
was deceived.
An article in the Wall Street
Journal — which isn’t exactly
on
for a federal share in maingior
taining
and _ operating
tk
schools.
i
outlays
atomic
provides
{I
al pressure) to the principle oi
federal aid to education. Since
sputnik it has proposed heavyjy«
year.
Can't Shill
Wall Street
Municip-
organizer
Both
Public
al Employees, the ordinance was brought
up again and defeated
3 to 0, with
the
mayor
and
one
councilman
abstaining.
The
ordinance, while it lasted, would
haye
made
it pos-
sible
succeeding
tricts; Public Law 871 provide}l!/
lip-service
20%
energy
installations and other
projects had been established.
union ordinance Noy. 25. Solidarity printed the story Dec.
16—its first issue.
An effort to rescind the ordifiance was made in city council on Dec. 17, but failed by one vote, 3 to 2,
the Dallas AFL-CIO Council
Then, after pressure from
and
each
slashed
reaching.
where
To Be Big, Admit You're Wrong
GARLAND,
be
for Pub-
to which the government had
added a substantial school population.
These
included
areas
that corporation earnings
be greater
rather
than
less.
871
funds
nothing to the average
zen—but
the effect of
abandoment
would
be
amounts
in the union’s view a price slash
would stimulate sales to such an
extent
would
to aircraft prob-
position
its
allocations under
815 be ended this
that
dist)
such
in
buildings
school
much as 3,000%.)
Even before the first Russiat{r”
sputnik
hit
the
heayens
thé}!
Eisenhower administration gave
sponsibility of the federal government
to
local school
districts from which the government
had
removed
sizeable
resulted
union
to
recommended
titles of these
1950
Pages
Reuther
the
Senate,
made
He
reduction
Law
The
conditions
created.
and
this and
.UAW’s
cut
President
that fund
Public Law
conservative
profits,
lower
adapt
goals “set forth air-
Solutions
of
year.
to fit the economic
UAW
that
tures.
The
Eyen now, Reuther said, the
UAW would accept a $100 cut
as a substitute for its proposed rebate to customers, and
would tailor its other demands
and
the
instead
(related
1-3).
the | Jae
looking
for
a
fight,”
Vice
President Leonard Woodcock,
director
out
sort
automobile
bargaining
and
more
we
citizenship.”
missile
the airto back
union with
mits
craft our
workers
the same
de-|°T‘t
that
anti-union
together
A
plants that this resolution com-|),reaining
termination
its
same
Aid
tim of the Eisenhower administration’s drive for increased
defense funds without proportionately increased expendi-
President Walter P. Reuther told
the Kefauver Senate committee
International AssociaMachinists
are
now
,orxing
and|
implement
agricultural
the
delegates|
plants
it in
that
the
prices
._ | anti-labor attitude. These workin| or; are entitled to first class
UAW Presi-|
convention:
Not
| protect
workers
dent Walter P. Reuther
.
Walking
1
1956
of
proposal
Six Aircraft Aims Set for ‘58
Continued
the
WASHINGTON
— The
“A rising share of national
income - + + Went to upperincome groups. Interest, profits, rent
rose
14%
between
1926
and 5 1929,
while
wages
|
of
of the
$100 Cut Is
Still an Offer
indus-
reflected
home
saturation
estimate—at least 10%more in
the last 10 years than the cost
of labor
and
materials
combined.
reductions
partially
in
up—by
productivity
these
markets.”
and
early
only 1%.
a reason
Actually, the UAW found, the
wholesale price of cars has gone
through-
in lower
car
the
$2.28
}in the second half of the de}cade. Although
some of the
| fruits
rose
was
$3.03
|sion
happened
(Fortune
was
started
afterward).
the
maga| zine said:
rapidly
fessionals, etc.
This probably
—
education at the most fundamental
level —
the public
school — is apparently a vic-
pro-
of workers had kept up with
national productivity—not just
the
higher
rate in auto—the
average wage would have been
|out the Twenties.
But hourly
| factory wages did not keep pace
that
don’t
No.
farmers,
exists
today,
the
UAW
document went on. If the real wages
its
magazine
. . . increased
remarks by saying:
“Even
though
we
women
are in the minority here, we
have
the
; big
of
of
Something
“Factory
productivity, meas}ured
as output
per manhour
convention
caused
loud
| chuckles when she began her
j
|
cited
to support
income
for
business,
a
($1.50
in- | COPY).
auto
And
it
| mouthpiece
week.
135%.
argued.
purchasing-power of an | Fortune
The
;
UAW
70c to 69\4c.
just this sort of thing
to the depression, the
told a Senate| argument
last
from
the
WASHINGTON
163,
Elmer
Detroit,
Hornyak
used
the
floor of the special convention for a little politicking.
During the debate on strike
his
of
president
Shaffer, who had
majority
the
saying:
“The
also
from
president,
and
Leo
local,
spoken for
by
report,
speaker
previous
my
the
followed
he
dues,
local,
I
he
vice
F
is
being
presi-
be
it may
year
Next
dent.
di¥ferent.”
to
then _ proceeded
He
speak for the minority report.
- Item sets