Walter P. Reuther Digital Archive · Publications; Correspondence and Drafts

Title

Publications; Correspondence and Drafts

Description

box: 570
folder: 7

Date

1963

extracted text

January

Dear

14,

1963

Reuther:

Mr.

Enclosed is the article which grew out of the conversation we
As
had during the recent Arms Control Symposium at Ann Arbor.
you may recall, we talked in the car on the way to your home
after your speech.
I think the article will make a real contribution and hope you
Early reports from This Week are enthusiastic and it is
agree.
However, he has not approved
now on its way to the top editor.
it is still possible that he will turn
it as yet and, of course,
Even if this happens, the chances are good that one of
it down.
the major magazines like Look or Life would take it.

In
If

any
you

return

I wanted to send
event,
approve it as it stands

to

it

me

at

25

West

54th

it on
would

St.,

to you now for your approval.
you sign the title page and

New

But I do
indications

course, feel free to make whatever changes you wish.
hope you will be light on the blue pencil since early
are that This Week likes the present draft.

When

you

return

this

would

you also

your visit with Khrushchev referred
dates of your visit to Japan.

I shall be
And
word.

in touch with
thank you for

you again
giving me

let me have

to

as soon as
the chance

and

e

page

on

the

Of

York.

New

19,

York

of

date

the

also

I get the final
to work with you.

sincerely,
an

/

{\

tf
,

i (tae
a

ot

f
i

f

Reuther

solidarity

8000

East

Detroit,

JGS:am

House

Jefferson

Michigan

St.

ff

:

a
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I,
‘

John
Walter

f

ee
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(i

VV

/

A

ff

-&
mes

jst
c. SAA Root

S45 HELE
Mea

G.

Stewart

i

rr)

EO OOO

I have

EEE EEE

EEE EE EEE

EEE

a

been confronting

doubt we shall meet again.
tribute

to business,

industry

has

big business

But now I want

particularly

actively

enlisted

head-on

of not

to prevent

is this:

almost
ago,

harmony

from basing

at home and, even more

their

policies

on oiwern

cliches

r

—y

the

United

ee ee
a

e for peace.

in the strv

other nations

ee

and pay a

a generation

than

ee

life and no—

for a moment

The tribute

much more

The story needs to be told to further
iagentent,

all my adult

to break stride

big business.

actions

to its

and contrary

unnoticed

ee ee

Ae

States.

us and widely asserted myth about big business -~ in fact,

There is a dar

it is a basic Soviet belief which is at the root of the cold war.
The Soviet

syllogism

goes

this:

like

A + Big business has a vested interest:. in war.
B+

Big business

CG + Therefore,

Anyone

controls

the

the United

who is close

United

States

is a war-minded

that

today knows

to industry

Surely only a limited

obsolete as a Model T.

States.

nation.

this

and lunatic

is absurd,

view

few do not understand

firm summed

the world -« or its prefits.
it up bluntly

the other

and,

mothers,

even

Quakers

Americans
an enormous
of this

same

laboratories

at home,

defensive

arsenal.

industrial

and

action groups

fully aware

are

But

to go

complex

their influence

that

are

our vast

of a leading

on serving

students,

College

monopolizing
the

industrial

begun

to make

in a growing

customers."

available

effort

(more)

headlines.

turning out

is that

their

to break

marching

peace

machine is

What many of ue fail to realize
have

live

defense

it is not widely understood

are many skeptics.

there

and community

“we want

of business.

This is the new attitude
abroad

day:

The vice-president

that

that no one

nuclear war will release forces which will destroy the human family and
will inherit

as

the leaders

talent,

the nuclear

their

stalemate.

ee

ee ee

ee ee

a

EE
EEO

ee

ee

ee

ee

ee ee a

eee
ee ee

=

.

~

ee a ee

eee

ee e
ee
S

In the early 1900's this kind of arming seemed to be the only counter to
the

threat

of the German

munitions

makers.

International

arms

combines

|

For at thet time there was profit te be wade out of war, especially one 300
from our shores.

But not today.

The bomb hes democratized

race will find a way to end the nuclear armament
~~ it

is that

war.

Lither

the human

race or the human race will perish

simple.

Presier

Khrushehev alse understands,

would mean complete
now being peddled

devastation.

The Stalin

as Stalin did not,
line that

that nuclear war

force is the only anewer

is

by China.

But the Soviet premier still insists that American businessmen are warmongers
and “merchants

of death."

This is not sere prop aganda;

was here last year,

refrein was unchanged:
that-I-am

it is a besic

feur hours

with him.

capitalism is the root of all evil; Wall Street and Big

Business run the country.
epithet

I spent

1 repeat

My effort to reach him with facts resulted only in his

"the chief lackey of American

cepitelism,”

a statement.to

General Motors would never subscribe.
Nor is Khrushchev alone in seeing U.3. capitaliem as the prime

enemys

In November Japan's top labor unions invited me to Tokyo and one of the most
frequent

questions

was,

"Dees

big business

still

run the

United States?"

(more)

which

eee

ee

ee ee

ee ee

ee ee

ee ee

ee

ee

ee

ee, ee

ee

ee

ee

ee

ee ee

ee ee ns

ee

ee

I reminded them that last year in America six high executives of a vast
corporation

refused

went ko

to permit

jail

steel

for price

to raise

fixing;

prices;

the President

and a former

of the

United States

labor union lawyer was

appointed to the Supreme Court.
The

—

were: directions.

Together

— eirhs ‘work, is going
Agency,

efforts

a recently

of American

with scientists,

big business

engineers

are now enpenting

and labor

experts,

in

much of

forward under the direction

of the Arms Control and Disarmasent

formed executive

that reports

department

directly

to the

President.
—

General

Electric,-

and satellite
Seme

used

cameras,
of these

radar,

fantastic

to keep tabs on Soviet

tion of the ‘veal

of some

peacetime

Industry
MeleT.,

uses

and the way people

ont

and

of a nuclear

of the eonghen

detecting

electronic

strength.

Others

Tests

the

Un: vepette

in crisis

Gas

almone

re
S

officials

already

curz

are also underway

to determine the

gadgets.

war

conntene

eof Michigan

|

Wand

the
each —
canker

negotiating techniques

arena

in its broadening

an International

of government,

Arms

labor,

invitation

of a leading business

the First

Secretary of the Soviet

Control

firm.

J “e_

Symposium,

industry and

search

i)

poration and the L
e

Bendix

[Phe

to study

Harvard,

situations.
aed

xs

being

are teing

LAP

co-sponsored

instruments.

devices are

test ben or the

on inspection.

behave

In December, (
to reduce

and other

is. ‘alse teaming “| with social and political scientists st

California

cold

computing

missile

possibility

form of agreement

potential

seismographs

the

universities

06 be. head

Russia was represented

at the

by Victor Kharpo

Embassy.
nore)

a

ee

ee

ee

—_—

ee

ee ee ee

eT eT ae StS

o & «

At this conference Bendix
business

makers

is fighting

watch

for peace.

are no longer

international

“The

pepechints". be

-- directly

the course

Vice President

of social

day-to-day

said.

influence

the state

and political

threat

of war.

has the analytic
solving

which

But now people

capability,

concerns

“Because

tensions

developments

mode

can be a prime national

as governments

do.

that they could deal with
believe

technology and an approach

asset

and

» corporations

as closely

confidence

decisicn-

-- national

both in and out of business

the computer

explained why

of industrial

of business,

“Until recently businessmen had little
the

kussell D. O'Neal

in seeking arms

control

that

industry

to problemsolutions."

coarse

ond

il

Despite
etn

such statements,

to disarmament.

Industry

is

indeed

a

the

difficulties

this

is far

of converting

from

Hubert

saying

that

Humphrey,

to a fat-free

industry

a still-confidential

government report:

such nonsense
do not

know American

Subcommittee,

“Kot

the Senator

one of them,”

grounds

that

conducted

he reports,

it would

cause

economic

withdrawal

of defense

business

we do not believe

that

an effective

reduction

program.

challenge."

Another

is

equal

arms

to the

the problems

in

of a Senate

companies

doing

Disarmament

defense

work.

agreement

on

difficulty."

would

cdds
concurs:

create

of transition

company

“There

severe

should

The ingenuity

be invigorating not only to the American

and

But

said recently

it oppos ed a disarmament

ompany
a sudden

contracts

disse tinate and believe

As chairman

of 370

is

race.

of big business,

industry."

a survey

defense

are undeniable.

arms

"The people who

“even hinted

them

diet

a permament

defender

that big business

on rich

peacetime

seeks

no automatic

still charge

nourished

ee

opposed

some Americans

problems

constitute

of industry

official

is no doubt that

says:

for us.

a barrier to

and government

"The results

econoz ny but alse to the entire
(mox e)

Yet

would

free

world.”

|
anil

2

wate

eS

eS

ere.

a ee

ee

Oe

eS ee

« 5 =
Disarmament

C. Fester

Chief William

Foster

in disarmament

adds,

studies.

with the Arma Control
These
economy

are

has indicated

efforts

that

it intends

only

to narrow

the arms

start.

for peace.

fear the might

of brute

have

firms

One

up to

$1 million

are also bidding for contracts

and Disarmament Agency.

a promising

quest

to invest

A number of these companies

If they

control

gap and to prepare

do nothing

elee

the uncommitted world that America -- or capitalism,
in its

large

te study arms control and disarmament.

already set up their own departments
of them,

that many

says

In time

of our

they might

technology

they wiil

for a peacetime

help

convince

in their view -- is sincere

even convince

if he should return

Khrushchev

thet

to the Stalin

he need

doctrine

force.

But it is realistic to assume that Russia will not be convinced and that
she will continue to block any effective
and confident.

irreconcilable

They believe

pressure

now doing.

We must

peace with the same

show

incapable

of achievinga common national

cocky
and

purpose

That is why U.S. industry must do far more than it is

the world

total

The Soviets remain

that our free society is composed of conflicting

groups

without the threat of war.

arms agreement.

effort

that our

free

we have always

society

put

can meet

the test

forth in meeting

of

the test

of

se-that the United States, together with our Western allies, challenge

the Russian bloe to a peaceful economic contest to meet the needs of the emerging
nations.

In the last decade

the failure

of our economy

resources and

$550 million

because

to work at full capacity.

turned over 25 per cent of our increased

such an industrial

not ignore.

we lost

power drive,

we would set

in motion

of mass unemployment

If we mobilized

Gre

and

these same

& National Produet

forces which Russia

to

could

The Soviets know that the margin of power comes from the minds and
(more).

a

ie

ae

ee

ee
2

a ee
oat

a

loyalties

a

ee a

.

of uncommitted

in foreign

Russia,

already

1 with

the

It could

Cut back her aid
that

eee

ee

than maintaining

far greater

the gradual

mean

eee eee eth

ee ee

end of the

by the arms race,

Cold

our

war because

face two alternatives:

would

pro tram to the underdeveloped nations along

accompanies

it.

Go back to the bargaining table at Geneva with a genuine willingness

an arms

control

I believe

that

into meeting

bring results

would

taxed to the limit

influence

2=to reach

trade.

EE

people.

Such a bold program
lead

ee

the needs

agreement.

such

a strategy

would

force

of emerging nations.

much

more

of the

Soviet

How else could tussia market

econony

her

ideology throughout the world?
A nuclear
that
tools

produces

of

death

but

can be averted.

The industrial

the il-bomb and the Minuteman missile

of economic

it would make

holocaust

abundance

clear

to solve

the basic

can also

problems

provide

of the human

to all that the new American business

a purveyor

and scientific

man is not

know-how

us with
family.

the
And

a merchant

of peace.

*

»

2

2

*

»

caches

ee

li

ee

i

Fe
nen
:

January 24, 1963

Professor Seymour Melman
Department of Industrial Engineers
Columbia University
320 S, W. Mudd Building
New York 27,

New

York

Dear Seymour:

I read with avid interest the draft manuscript which you
entitled, ''National Problems That Can Be Solved Only With

sent me
Disarmament,"

work entitled,

I feel it is a most valuable addition to your original

"The

Peace Race,"

Iam sure you will be interested to know that Walter Reuther
is currently writing a rather detailed peace proposal which attacks the

problem also from the point of view that massive economic aid to

emerging countries could properly lay the basis for meeting the problem of disarmament and peace and the problem of maintaining a full
Certain aspects of
production-full employment American economy,
I shall ask him to send you a
his proposal will, I think, be novel,
copy when he has completed it,
I feel certain thatthe motivation which your ideas on the
question of peace has given to concerned and interested leaders on the

American and the world scene will bear fruit as the force of its logic
and the clarity of its rationale are understood and appreciated,
Sincerely yours,

IBic
oeiu4d2

Irving Bluestone, Administrative
Assistant to the President

January 24,

1963

Walter
Irv

I mentioned to you a few days ago that Seymour Melman
had sent to me a draft manuscript of a new paper which

he has written entitled,

National Problems That Can Be

Solved Only With Disarmament," Attached are brief excerpts from this paper which, I believe, you will find of
more than passing interest, in light of the peace proposal
that you are currently preparing,

IB:
attach,
oeiu42

EXCERPTS

National Problems

From

Page

That Can Be Solved Only With Disarmament
by Seymour Melman

1 of manuscript

are
tes
Sta
ted
Uni
the
of
ms
ble
pro
cal
iti
pol
and
ic
nom
eco
ve
Gra
com
a's
ric
Ame
of
al
ais
ppr
rea
a
e
uir
req
to
as
way
a
h
suc
developing in
US
,
icy
pol
ld
wor
of
t
men
tru
ins
y
mar
pri
a
as
ce
for
ry
mitments to milita
l
ria
ust
ind
an
ili
civ
our
of
s
tor
sec
key
in
y
deca
e:
lud
inc
now
problems

economy};

serious weakening

overwhelming

of the international

position of the dollar;

military powe or.

The solution of these problems requires a shift from emphasis on
arms toward the regeneration of our civilian economy and its use as a base

for a new world policy,

These problems have one distinct,

unifying feature;

to
ry
ita
mil
m
fro
ces
our
res
e
tiv
duc
pro
of
er
nsf
tra
the
for
they each call
s
--i
ted
pec
ins
and
l
era
lat
lti
-mu
ntame
arm
dis
ly,
ing
ord
Acc
,
uses
civilian
I propose to show how
an essential political goal for American society,
on
r
leve
a
as
act
to
e
mad
be
can
es
Stat
ted
Uni
the
in
g
din
tan
ers
this und
Soviet policy,

Excerpts

From

« 2

Page 7 of manuscript

High hourly earnings of labor can be combined with mechanization
and industrial engineering to produce goods at low unit cost and price,

That is a basic lesson of America's industrial experience,

But the com-

petente of modern mass-production technology has been withheld from a
major section of our civilian economy,

ia

|
|
|

Excerpts

From

« 3

Page

10 of manuscript

During 1950-1961,

the United States spent more than $510 billion

These military
on military and defense programs at home and abroad,
n
eig
for
e
whil
,
year
per
$232
than
e
mor
an
ric
Ame
h
eac
cost
expenditures
aid programs designed to assist other nations to develop their economies

cost the average American only $25, 00 per year,

We spend only one-tenth of what is spent on armaments on programs
designed to increase the productivity, productive capacity, and consuming
Yet the prosperity of United States
power of countries outside this country,

export
hinges
extent
United

industries and our favorable balance of trade
Our balance of trade has
on such programs,
that foreign governments have had to come to
States in trying to stem the flow of gold from

on merchandise account
been injured to the
the assistance of the
this country,

Excerpts

From

Africa,

«- 4

Pages

1819

Continued

of manuscript

emphasis

and Latin America,

on American

military

often used to shore

programs

in Asia,

up hopelessly archaic

and

hence unstable regimes (like Batista's in Cuba), marks the failure of the
US to make possible industrialization under conditions that do not require

Soviet=type society,
As long as this military emphasis in foreign policy
persists, the US may expect a continued chain of revolts with or without
Soviet intervention against governments that wield American arms, but
are incompetent to organize economic development,

In my opinion,

to a continued

chain

there will be no escape from America's

of political defeats

in Asia,

Africa,

vulnerability

and Latin America,

until the basis of our foreign policy alters in the direction of using foreign
aid primarily for economic development and away from the support of

unproductive military establishments,

is a reduction
use,

Here again,

of military activity and a transfer

the essential ingredient

of resources

to productive

Excerpts

From

- 5

Pages

20-21

of manuscript

s
et
vi
So
the
el
mp
co
to
s
an
me
the
has
r,
ve
we
ho
The United States,
ly
st
va
l
wil
t
tha
ys
wa
in
ne
do
be
can
s
thi
and
y,
sl
to take disarmament seriou
gy
te
ra
st
l
ia
nt
se
es
e
Th
y,
et
ci
so
in
m
do
ee
fr
of
on
strengthen the world positi
le
ib
ss
po
it
ke
ma
to
ort
eff
al
ic
it
ol
-p
al
ri
st
du
in
an
t
is this: the US must moun
in
le
ab
vi
d
an
d
he
is
bl
ta
es
me
co
be
to
m
do
ee
fr
al
on
rs
pe
h
wit
s
ie
for societ
s
a'
ic
er
Am
ng
yi
pl
ap
by
ne
do
be
n
ca
is
Th
a,
ic
er
Asia, Africa, and Latin Am
our
of
n
io
at
ic
pl
ap
is
Th
,
ts
an
pl
al
ri
st
du
in
d
an
er
ow
present unused manp
of
lk
bu
the
g
on
am
n
wi
cal
iti
pol
ct
re
di
a
e
or
sc
industrial productiveness to
,
ay
pl
e~
ez
ue
sq
of
rm
fo
a
in
s
er
ad
le
et
vi
So
e
ac
pl
l
people in the world wil
im
an
ng
ki
ta
s
an
me
t
tha
but
e,
ng
le
al
ch
s
thi
re
They could choose to igno

mense political loss,

If, on the other hand,

Soviet leaders wish to match

e
Th
t,
en
am
rm
sa
di
ek
se
to
d
le
el
mp
co
be
d
ul
wo
the US effort then they
Soviet system has no unused industrial capacity and its industrial system
al
ri
st
du
in
et
vi
So
s
thu
d
An
,
tes
Sta
ed
it
Un
the
of
t
tha
is much smaller than
ng
ti
er
nv
co
by
y
onl
d
un
fo
be
d
ul
co
e,
ng
le
al
ch
capacity, to match the US
their present military industry--or, by disarming.
This

mounted by the
_This

strategy

for international

United States, starting
possibility is open only

politics--a

peace race~-can be

in parallel with present militar
for the United States,

Excerpts

From

= 6

Page 22 of manuscript

I believe that we can formulate the essential ways for combining
rapid industrialization under varied economic structures with freedom,

The main requirements here include: (1) making industrial techniques
and resources available ona large scale; (2) methodsfor accelerating
technological training of all sorts; (3) and finally, a theory for organizing
. decision processes of societies, however varied, so that they may include
personal and. political freedom,

ae eS

Excerpts

From

+ 7

Pages

23-24 of manuscript

Investing in the Future

What is required of the US is suggested by these figures: In its
third 5«year plan, India invests about $10 per person per year, A more
intensive level of investment is to be reached under the second development plan in Ghana where investment for industrialization will amount
Application of these annual per capita
altogether to about $37 per year,
investment

rates to the populations

of Asia,

Africa,

and Latin America,

apart from mainland China, suggests an annual range of capital investment for industrialization from about $11 billion to about $37 billion per
year for the entire area, These estimates (admittedly rough) amount
It
to less than 10% of the gross national product of the United States,
would obviously require some time before such a world-wide effort
became

feasible

both at the receiving

end

(the

rate at which

people

can

learn the ways of industrial life is a restriction on the pace of economic
development) and at the supplying end,
Further,

the US is the only industrial center in the world with a

major block of unused industrial capabilities,

From $30 to $50 billions

of additional goods and services could be produced with America's under-~
Significantly, the center of
employed manpower, factories, andfarms,

America's unused capacity lies in the steel industry based complex that
produces every sort of production equipment,

The Soviet industrial

system is clearly overextended and the economy of Western Europe is
In this situation, the unused production might of the
heavily occupied,

United States -- ordinarily a business and economic liability -- can be
- converted into a strategic political-economic asset,

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kl

NEW

YORK

AVENUE
!19

CITY

a

Reuther:

for
d
Fun
the
at
s
iew
erv
int
TV
n
wee
bet
ion
sat
ver
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our
up
Following
ate
ter
rei
to
t
wan
I
el,
Hot
ana
ric
Ame
the
in
on
ati
voc
the Republic con
our interest in having you do a "Speaking Out" feature for the POST.
in
ter
mat
l
sia
ver
tro
con
a
g
nin
cer
con
e
icl
art
an
for
The formula calls
and
nd
sta
a
es
tak
e,
tur
sta
of
e
eon
som
y
abl
fer
pre
,
hor
which the aut
backs it up with some documentation.
If you find it agreeable, I will telephone your
next few days to make an appointment to come to
can hammer out an acceptable topic.

secretary within the
Detroit to see if we

Sincerely,
a,

me

Mr.

Walter

President

Reuther

The United Automobile
8000 East Jefferson
Detroit, Michigan

|

Workers

~
of America

ees

|

GMa /bck

THE

CURTIS

PUBLISHING

COMPANY

A

ye
uk F

-

eon

|

een
2

eae ie

February

Mr.

Gerald

M.

Astor,

Dear

Mr.

1963

Editor

Senior

The Saturday Evening Post

666 Fifth Avenue
New York 19, New

15,

York

Astor:

Before leaving for meetings in Washington and the AFL-CIO
Executive Council meeting in Miami, Mr. Reuther asked me to be in
touch with you.
Mr. Reuther regrets his schedule has been so rough he has
not been able to do anything concerning your conversation and note of

January 22nd, However, he wants you to know he will be in touch with
you when he returns from the Executive Council meeting.
Sincerely yours,

oeiu 42

*

(Mrs.)

Otha Brown,

Walter

P.

Secretary to

Reuther

Draft

THE

ELEMENT:

—

by:
One

of the

acts

last official

of General

to warn the American

United States was

"the acquisition of unwartanted

FOR

A STRATEGY

influence,

Reuther,

P.
Walter
Eisenhower

people,

PEACE

as

President,

President

of the

in a farewell address,

whether

UAW

sought or unsought,

against
by the

\

complex",

military-industrial
General

Eisenhower

continued:
%

\

\

%

\

. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists
We must never let the weight of this combination
and will persist.
We should take
endanger our liberties or democratic processes.

nothing for granted.

Only an\alert and knowledgeable citizenry

ry
ita
mil
and
l
ria
ust
ind
huge
the
of
g
hin
mes
per
pro
the
pel
com
can
machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that
security and liberty may prosper\together. "

President Kennedy,
much

the

same

line,

in a special message

ot the

defense budget,

took

saying:

“Neither our strategy nor our psychology as a nabjon--and
certainly not our economy--must become dependet
maintenance of a large military establishment. "

Despite

these

defense'' grinds

warnings,

the ‘huge industrial and military

on into the age of overkill.

upon our permanent

| 2 chinery of

We already have the nuc fear

SS

- Pag2e -

capacity to send the inhabitants of all the major
times

many

come

over.

missile for missile,

The Russians,

cities of the world to kingdom

although they have not matched our arsenal,

power to qualify for the overkill

have enough destructive

club and to stay in the grisly game we call the “balance of terror".
Many experts in this game
more

will become

“invulnerable

in nuclear
happy,

hold out the hope that the "balance of terror"

stable when the Russians,

as wellas

ourselves,

striking force’ housed in hardened underground

submarines.

They

the theory goes,

each side

have an

silos or dispersed

will be less trigger-

since no attack can hope to destroy all of the opponent's counterforce.

Even the smallest of hopes is welcome in our dangerous age, but this
particular hope

leaves much

out of account:

human

error,

irvationality.

the

unsettling consequences of the entrance of other powers into the nuclear weapons
club--particularly Red China; a"
in weaponry.

the possibility of further technological advances

- Page

3 -

Even as we understand and accept the need to maintain a strong

we understand as well

establishment in this dangerous period of the cold war,
that the whole human

defense

record argues agninet the proposition that preparations

for war can bring peace.

The people of this country,

of that truth.

of Russia,

entire world,

are instinctively aware

The

their common

anxiety when he told the United Nations:

and of the

President voiced

"Today, every inhabitant of this planet must contemplate the
day when it may no longer be habitable.
Every man, woman,
and child lives under a nuclear sword of Damocles, hanging
by the slenderest of threads, capable of being cut at any
moment by accidmt, miscalculation, or madness.
The weapons
of war must be abolished before they abolish us..."
The question arises:
do to stop the arms

What can "an alert and knowledgeable

race--without epdangering

citizenry"

the security of the United States

and the free world?
Many

in labor,

Arms

Americans

in industry,

are

seeking an answer

in the universities.

Control Symposium

to that question,

in government,

I recently participated in an International

sponsored by the Bendix Corporation and the University

e- Pag4

of Michigan,

said to be the first such gathering held at the invitation of a

leading business firm.

This is encouraging,

of which General Eisenhower

very "military-industrial complex"
is a growing awareness

for it is evidende that within the
spoke there

of the dangers implicit in the constant bidding up of

nuclear power.

It is significant that some industrialists--whose
rely upon the build up of the arms
up of the search for peace. This

race--are

corporations

profits

turning their attention to the build

is a siieiinin

development in the projection

of our world image as a peace loving nation and in preventing other nations

from basing their policies on outworn cliches about the United States.
At the root of the cold war is the

Soviet assertion that big busine Ss

in the United States is in control of government and advocates a "capitalist

imperialist" policy of war-mongering.
United States,

leaders.

When Mr.

Khrushchev was visiting the

I met with him for four hours together with several other labor

His refrain was unchanged:

capitalism is the root of all evil; Wall

~ Page

Street and Big Business

5 -

run the country.

resulted only in his epithet that lam

My effort to reach him with facts

"the chief lackey of American capitalism",

a statement to which General Motors would hardly subscribe.

Russia attempts

—
of
scourge
the
from
emerging
now
peoples
the
of
hearts
and
minds
to prey on the

colonial rule by pounding constantly on this theme.
In the simplest terms,

the Soviet argument holds that:

i.

Big business has a vested interest in war

2.

Big business controls the United States

3.

Therefore,

the United States is a war-minded nation.

There are in our

society those in the ultra-right who continue to rattle

the saber and call for war-mongering
holocaust.

policies which could lead only to a nuclear

Their voice is loud and raucous,

and still carries, an influence far

beyond their numbers.

Too often the drive for greater profit finds the arms

builders allowing

their interest in the arms build up to overshadow their interest in seeking
the peace.

Surely,

however,

there is the growing realization among

many of them

~ Page 6 war will release forces which will destroy the human family,

that nuclear

no one will inherit the world--or its profits.

that

of a leading defense

The vice iia

,
hea

suromed it up bluntly recently:

Today,

'We want to go on serving live customers. "

there are leaders in the industrial complex who have begun to make

available their talent,

their

to help break the nuclear

laboratories and their influence in . growing effort

stalemate.

They realize not only that peace is essential

to the continuing existence of the human family; they understand as well that the
weapons

of peace are profitable too and carry greater promise

customers in the future.
Together

Their efforts are expanding in many directions.

with scientists,

engineers and labor experts,

is going forward under the direction o the Arms
a recently formed

executive

department

They are refining aerial and satellite

detecting instruments,

of having available

Some

of their work

Control and Disarmament

that reports

cameras,

much

Agency,

directly to the President.

radar,

seismographs and other

of these fantastic computing and electronic devices

are already being used to keep tabs

on Soviet missile

developed in anticipation of the possibility

strength.

Others are being

of a nuclear test ban or the chance of

- Page

7 -

some form of agreement on inspection.
the potential peacetime

Tests are also underway to determine

uses of these complex gadgets.

Industry is teaming up with social and political scientists at Harvard,
California and the whiesnatee
way people behave

in crisis

As I have already noted,

of Michigan to study negotiating techniques and the
situations.
ew

a leading business firm,

sponsored an International Arms
government, labor,

M.1.T.,

Control Symposium,

industry and the universities

of disarmament and exchange ideas.

Corporation,

where high officials of

gathered to examine

the problem

Russia was represented by Victor Kharpov,

the First Secretary of the Soviet Embassy.

At the Conference Bendix Vice President Russell D,
business
is fighting for peace.

makers

“The

day-to-day

are no longer parochial," he said.

concerns

"Because

international~--directly influence the state of business,
the course

of social and political developments

O'Neal

explained why

of industrial decision-

tensions--~-national and
modern

corporations

as closely as governments

do.

watch

~ Page

8 -

"Until recently businessmen had little confidence
the threat of war.

that they could deal with

But now people both in and out of business believe that industry

has the analytic capability,

solving which can be a prime

the computer technology and an approach to problem-

national asset in seeking arms

A spokesman for a major defense

company adds:

a sudden withdrawal of defense business

would create

control solutions’

"There is no doubt that
severe problems

for us.

Yet we do not believe that the problems of transition should constitute a barrier to
an effective arms

The ingenuity of industry and government

reduction program.

is equal to the challenge."'

Another company official says:

''The results would

be invigorating not only to the American economy but also to the entire free world."

Thus far,

however,

there has not emerged a national,

effort in which the total nation bends
achieve

its

energies

integrated,

to check the arms

mohtiined
race and

disarmament.

The whole human family lives in a kind of twilight zone

blend of war and peace.

We

which is an unprecedented

enjoy no genuine peace; yet we are not totally involved

in what might be termed a conventional military conflict.

We find ourselves,

ee

-~ Page 9 instead,

life.
of
ways
two
between
contest
caught up in a continuing

without destroying

waged in military terms

ke

contest that cannot be

the way of life we seek to preserve.

Itisa

Our central problem,

therefore,

is that of

means.
other
by
contest
that
waging
for
developing a strategy
Part of any such strategy must include

arms

race and moving

toward genuine

some

means

disarmament;

for checking the nuclear

otherwise,

we

shall

remain under the constant threat of annihilation.
We

need,

in other words,

a strategy for peace.

living,
presently
are
we
as
live
to
continue
to

we are

Without it,

in a no-man's

condemned

land between the abyss of

community
world
peaceful
a
to
leading
road
the
and
a therrmonuclear doomsday
that we have not yet determined to travel.
To put it another way,

our salina

It is also the problem of moving

of dynamic peace,
democratic

threatened.

away

is not just the problem
from the nuclear

stalemate

in which the long-term threat of Communism

initiative

in the

social and

economic

fields

of avoiding war.

wherever

into an

environment

can be met by
freedom

is

~ Page

Our defense program,
States

Arms

10 -

in the words of a report prepared for the United
Agency,

Control and Disarmament

nearly a tenth of the

"absorbs

S. production of goods and services and employ#s,

total U.

directly and indirectly,

a like percentage of the labor force."
The full impact of the defense program,
economic

effects to permeate

not war-mongers,
years,

we have

our

goes beyond its strictly

“psychology as a nation".

but 'defense-mongers"

lived in a slack economy

"We

~~particularly since,
suffering from

persisted at the intolerably high rate of over
like 20 percent of our productive

however,

capacity-has

have become,

during recent

unemployment

which has

5 percent of the labor force.

Something

iain idle.

Defense expenditures have meant the difference between "high-level stagnation"
-sluggish economic growgth periodically chilled by recession and streaked with
persistent unemployment

plummeting

economic

- and what,

such enponaitares,

could have been a

decline.

Even with the defense program,
the American economy.

without

there has been an almost continuous

In the last ten years,

slack in

as a result of our national failure

- Page

il

-

,
on
ti
uc
od
pr
ll
fu
d
an
nt
me
oy
pl
em
to maintain full

we have lost 24 million man

ve
ha
d
ul
co
at
th
es
ic
rv
se
d
an
s
od
go
in
n
io
ll
bi
00
$6
d
an
nt
me
oy
pl
em
years of productive

e
th
of
le
op
pe
e
th
th
wi
ed
ar
sh
or
ng
vi
li
of
been added to the American standard
emerging

nations in the form of a massive

attack on world poverty.

y,
om
on
ec
an
ic
er
Am
e
th
of
l
ia
nt
te
po
ed
us
un
The great
statistics of slack,

suggested in these

g
in
nn
wi
in
t
se
as
an
to
d
te
er
nv
co
be
n
ca

to bear as the motive

power ina

strategy for peace,

the cold war.

that vast unused potential

".
al
iv
rv
su
of
in
rg
ma
's
om
ed
re
'f
ll
ca
can constitute what I
of transforming the arms

Brought

It offers us the means

ot
-n
ve
ha
e
th
ng
vi
sa
at
d
me
e
ai
iv
ns
fe
of
e
ac
race into a pe

peoplesof the world from Communism

- and the whole human family from the

risk of annihilation in a nuclear holocaust.
Here,

in brief outline,

is how

such a peace

strategy —

be carried out.

es
at
St
ed
it
Un
e
th
t
of
en
id
es
Pr
e
th
nt
by
me
ce
un
It would begin with a formal anno
that we are committing

ourselves,

the countries

as a nation,

to a massive

long-range program

of the under-developed world steadily toward

large ama

to move

an economic

.
wth
gro
ing
ain
ust
f-s
sel
o
int
ry
se
mi
and
y
ert
pov
of
breakthrough out

~ Page

12 -

wm

iain

We would accompany that

a formal challenge to the

de
lu
nc
co
a
d
an
y
rt
ve
po
t
ns
ai
ag
gn
ai
mp
ca
Soviet Union both to join us in the global

in order that additional resources

a fool-proof disarmament apoement,

saved by

t.
en
pm
lo
ve
de
of
s
sk
ul
ta
ef
ac
pe
the
d
to
te
if
sh
be
ht
ig
s
in
et
dg
ry
bu
ta
li
mi
ks
in
cutbac
In any event,

we would launch our own program

- our own

"Peace

offensive",

us.
in
jo
ed
to
ar
ep
s
pr
on
ti
ld
na
or
-w
ee
ed
fr
nc
va
ad
the
e
of
os
th
n
th
io
wi
in conjunct
The Kremlin leaders would have three alternatives.

Theoretically,

they

could:

se
fu
re
d
an
k"
st
ic
tr
li
ia
er
mp
r
“i
he
ot
an
it
ll
ca
t
es
nt
co
te
the
ca
1) abdi
to accept the challenge;

2) accept the challenge

- and try to foot the bill for a stepped-up program

of aid to the underdeveloped nations by cutting into the living standards

of the Russian people;
3) accept the challenge
disarmament

resources

- but meet it through serious efforts to negotiate a

agreement

from

arms

to

which

the

would

new

enable

economic

them

contest.

to shift their

scarce

13 -

- Page

such a challenge.

The Soviets cannot back off from

They cannot abdicate
AAs bw

such a contest because

they themselves

have

declared that it is in that very arena

of economic development that they will prove the superiority of their system and
thereby succeed finally in "burying"

us.

if Khrushchev is going to bury us,
it in the have-not lands,

and where

Communism

Announcement
effect,

counts on riding poverty,

Where

misery and

hungry every night

desperation to power.

of an American peace offensive in those very lands would,
bluff.

choice but to stay in the game
Communism,

he is going to have to do

where most of the people go to bed

Communist

call the

as he boasts,

Khrushchev and his successors

~- even though

it would

in

would have no

ultimately prove to

ns for

a losing game.

would the Soviets find the resources

future of the have-not peoples?

and their plans.

the Russians

us in this contest over the

While the American economy is marked by slack,

the Russian economy is marked by strain.
of men and plant,

to engage

While we have great unused resources

don't have enough of anything to meet their needs

~ Page

14 -

Since the Bolshevik revolution of

The Russian people are long-suffering.
1917,

d
ge
on
ol
n
pr
io
e
th
at
in
iz
al
ri
st
du
n
in
ia
ss
Ru
of
en
rd
bu
e
th
e
they have born

postponement of consumer

Since the death of Stalin,

satisfactions and necessities.

ed
di
d
d
an
ve
li
d
ha
ey
h
th
ic
wh
in
or
rr
te
e
th
on
of
ti
xa
la
n
re
ai
rt
ce
n
_ they have know a
y.
om
on
er
ec
um
ns
co
a
ts
of
ui
er
fr
ag
t
me
rs
fi
e
ed
th
st
ta
ve
ha
ey
and th
It is difficult to believe that Khrushchev is enough of a gambler

ws risk the

c
ti
as
r,
dr
he
rt
fu
r
fo
le
op
n
pe
ia
ss
Ru
e
th
ng
ki
es
as
nc
of
ue
eq
ns
le
co
ib
poss
sacrifices to pay for economic aid to other countries.
disturbances

in the Soviet Union in the wake

between workers

and police when

against the shipment to Cuba of consumer

have been

of new austerity measures

meat and butter prices

a strike by longshoremen\ in the Black Sea

Khrushchev,

Already there

were

- riots

raised last year;

port of Odessa in protest last summer
goods badly needed at home.

then, will almost certainly be obliged to go ta the conference

t
ll
wi
en
at
t
th
em
en
re
am
ag
rm
sa
di
h
a
it
fa
e
od
at
go
in
ti
go
ne
e
to
er
th
ay
st
d
e
an
bl
ta

enable him to cut back Russia's military ootabuighment,

materials

thereby releasing men and

required in meeting the challenge of our peace offensive.

~ Page

The West,

however,

will still retain the initiative.

of our present economy enables
We

can do it, in fact,

growing advantage,

15 -

us to pursue

such a peace

strategy without strain.

not only without strain and without cost,

even,

if need be,

without an arms

The needs of the have-not nations are vast.
toward meeting

For the unused potential

those needs,

we can generate

but to our own

cut,

By making a meaningful

enough demand in the American

economy to take up our present slack and sustain a full employment
growth.

By maintaining

start

such a pace throughout the next decade,

rate of economic

we can improve

growth
of
rate
percent
3
a
gains
the
over
billion
$575
by
living
of
standard
own
our

-

would make possible (a better pace than we have been keeping in recent years)
and still be able to commit the sum of $20 billion a year over the decade

tasks of laying the economic foundations of peace.
at will,

We can maintain such a pace,

for the rest of the century.

The Soviet Union has no such margin of economic power.
obliged the Russians

to negotiate a disarmament agreement,

resources for the peace

we,

too,

to the

drive,

we

shall still be in command

Even after we have
thus releasing Soviet

of the situation,

for

ces
our
res
l
ona
iti
add
ow
thr
and
ng
ndi
spe
ry
ita
mil
k
bac
cut
to
will be able

- Page

i6 -

into the development program.

To stay in the race,

the Russians

will be obliged,

toward the general and total disarmament
phased reduction in arms
the possibilities of

“\

as such powers

long

Such a peace
economy.

i

to move

in fact,

they now profess to desire.

would have to take proper account,
by other countries,

rapidly
Sucha

notably Communist

China,

as

might balk at joining in disarmament talks.

strategy is well within the immediate capabilities of the

It remains

of

needless to say,

for American

American

leadership and the American people themselves

to comprehend the urgent need for such a strategy if we are to check the drift
toward a nuclear Armageddon and prevent the "third world" of mass

other continents from disintegrating into chaos,
type tyrannies.

|

This is a race agua
world,

poverty on

then hardening into Communist

-

_

the clock.

Science and wieine

have created one

The gap between the world's rich and poor is widening.

Population pressures

on resources are aggravating the troubles of the emerging nations.
minority of industrially advanced countries

don't intervene

If the privileged

soon on a massive

scale to move those nations out of feudalism and tribalism and give them a chance

~ Page

17 -

the

Sraihieeacttue
of
conditions
under
standards
living
of achieving twentieth-century
Stalin
by
out
marked
development
forced-draft
of
have-not lands will go the route
and Mao.

The peace

command

democratic
win
to
leverage
the
us
offers
outlined
strategy I have

of the forces now convulsing the

claim that we are too rich,
mobilize

too smug,

the untapped resources

and peaceful

Communists

and too divided into selfish pressure

groups to

of our free societies for such a bold and massive-

- attack on the world's fundamental problems.

the Kremlin that,

The

have-not peoples.

So it is gospel in

of Communism,

whatever the current problems

side and will eventually sweep us into the dustbin where

empires

history is on their
and nations wind

up when they lose their grip on reality.
The peace
that beset us.

the country,

strategy is a strategy geared to the dimensions
It should be taken up and debated in the Congress

for it is an issue that will seperate

'hard'' on Communism
in Cuba

of the challenges

those who

and throughout

regard themselves

as being

but who wax hysterical over a few thousand Russian troops

- and those »who are

tough-minded

enough

to understand

that Castro

is only

- Page

18 -

le
who
the
t
tha
and
m
le
ob
pr
al
tot
the
of
n
io
at
st
fe
one mani
can fall under Communist
We

“third world" of poverty
default.

control through democracy's

es.
bas
e
sil
mis
n
ba
Cu
the
r
ove
war
r
lea
nuc
of
went to the brink
at the moment

Kennedy,

when Khrushchev backed

reached a point "where events could have become
The whole question lies there:
one day events

really do become

the initiative long

to lay the foundations

stated that the world had

unmanageable. "

Are we going to drift from crisis to crisis until

unmanageable?

enough to move

down,

President

Or are we going to seize and hold

mankind back from the nuclear abyss and begin

of a world community

in which men can have a reasonable

chance at both bread and freedom?

to
sis
cri
om
fr
ft
dri
to
t
ten
con
be
y
ma
ion
vis
tle
lit
h
wit
saber rattlers

The
crisis,

each time urging a war which no one can win,

the realists

practical leaders with imagination and vision will mobilize
resources

sjs

2/26/63
oeiu

42

-the tough,

America's

great untapped

ce.
pea
for
egy
rat
Qst
of
alf
beh
in
l
via
sur
of
gin
mar
m's
edo
fre
-

TELEGRAM
3
6
9
1
,
2
2
Y
R
A
U
\._ FEBR

MR, JACK STEWART |
2 WEST 67 STREET
NEW YORK, NEW YORK
ARTICLE

WHICH WE

DISCUSSED CURRENTLY

BEING REWORKE:

WILL ATTEMPT TO HAVE IT Co)
EARLY PART OF NEXT WEEK,
MONDAY,

FEBRUARY 25,

E
N
O
T
S
E
U
L
B
G
N
I
IRV
W
A
U
,
N
O
I
N
U
L
A
N
O
INTERNATI

WILL ADVISE FURTHER ON

cl

Sac

laa ta ail

February 26,

1963

TELEGRAM:

JACK STEWART
2 WEST 67 STREET
NEW YORK 23, NEW

MR.

REUTHER'S

YORK

RETURN

TO DETROIT DELAYED

CONTINUATION OF MEETINGS IN FLORL
WILL

DISCUSS ARTICLE

HIS RETURN

IB:mp

oeiu 42

TO THE

BY

JA.

WITH HIM IMMEDIATELY

UPO!

OFFICE.

IRVING BLUESTONE,
ASSISTANT

REUTHER,
$000 E,

TO

UAW

ADMINISTRATIVE

PRESIDENT

Jefferson

Detroit 14, Michigan

WALTER

P.

TELEGRAM
:

March 5, 1963
2:90 p.m.

JACK STEWART
2 WEST 67 STREET
NEW YORK 23, NEW

FINAL

DRAFT

YORK

IN TYPEWRITER.

WILL

ME

MAILED

TO YOU

TOMORROW,

IRVING BLUESTONE
IB:mp

oeiu 42

a

March 6, 1963
2:10 pm

TELEGRAM

Jack

Stewart

2 West 67 Street
New York 23, New

MANUSCRIPT

York

MAILED

THIS AFTERNOON,

AIR MAIL,

DELIVERY,

IB: mp
oeiu 42

Irving Bluestone

SPECIAL

Mr. John G. Stewart
2 West 67 Street
New York 23, New York

Dear Jack:
The

Missing

Reuther,

Enclosed are two copies of the manuscript:

Element:

A Strategy

for Peace,

as edited and revised by him.

explanatory.

by Walter

P.

The extensive editing and additions are self-

Please keep Mr.
to its publication.

Reuther advised with regard

Very truly yours,

IB: mp
oeiu 42
(2)
Enel.
Air Mail - Special

|

»

Irving Bluestone, Administrative
Assistant tothe President

Inter-Office Communication
Qe

March 15,

1963

ia

Wii

WA

To

Irv

Bluestone

From

W.

L.

x
Fy

4

ua

cc

Ginsburg

Subject

In answer to your request, we have computed the amount of funds that would
be available for foreign aid on the basis of an allocation of one percent of the
GNP of the United States, Canada and Western Europe for the ten-year period
1963 through 1972,

The

combined

amounts

GNP

of the

to approximately

U.S.,

Canada

$920 billion.

and Western

Assuming

Europe

currently

a five percent growth rate,

the cumulative total of GNP for these countries over the ten-year period
1963 through 1972 will amount to $12,150 billion.
Foreign aid over the
ten-year period, at a rate of one percent of GNP, would amount to
$121.5 billion,

At a four percent GNP growth rate, the cumulative foreign aid payments over
the ten-year period would amount to $114.9 billion and at a three percent
GNP growth rate, the cumulative foreign aid payments would amount to
$108, 7 billion.

While the difference between

$121.5 billion and $108.7 billion might seem

minor, the difference between the cumulative total of the combined GNP
five percent growth rate and at a three percent growth rate amounts to

$1,280 billion--a difference
at the present time,

more

Source:

WLGirg
oeiu4Zafl-cio

than twice

“Based

on

as large

U.N,

data

as the

U.S.

annual

ata

GNP

s
o
l
4
2
MAR
fy

23,

YORK

NEW

STREET

67TH

WEST

2

STEWART

G.

JOHN

EN B= 5810

Mr.Irving

United

N.

Y.

Bluestone

Auto

Workers

Irving,

Dear

Here

is

the

edited

version

revisions which may be helpful
the

editor

Gerald
to

Astor

call

done

at

him

the

sat Plaza
collect

project

conclusion,
Plen

is

way

can

Since

important

attention
any

and

to youe

Evening

7-9800.

your

He

I trust

To repeat,

Post

is

expects

you

you have

already

SO.

I hope
this

Saturday

of

I

of

the

we'll
be

be

in

brought

I feel
and

to

a

soon

md

that

successful

|

the new Remexker Reuther

should

public,

touch

I

be

brought

stand

ready

to

to

cane
ely,

;

1G. Stewart

the

help

in

Fry rtey

Stewart

Jack

Street

2 West 67th
EN 2-5840

THE MISSING
by Walter

an
ic
er
Am
e
th
rn
wa
to
s
wa
ts
ac
al
last offici

against

people

by the military-industriel
Eisenhower

General

. Lhe

"

whether

influence,

of unwarranted

acquisition

UAW

President,

P. Reuther,

One of President Eisenhower's
"the

A STRATEGY FOR PEACE

ELEMENT:

or unsought,

sought

complex".
continued:

potential

of misplaced power

rise

for the disastrous

is
th
of
ht
ig
we
e
th
t
le
r
ve
ne
We must
exists and will persist.
se
se
es
oc
pr
ic
at
cr
mo
de
or
s
ie
rt
be
li
combination endanger our
d
an
t
er
al
an
ly
On
d.
te
an
gr
r
fo
We should take nothing
e
th
of
g
in
sh
me
er
op
pr
e
th
el
mp
co
knowledgeable citizenry can
r
ou
th
wi
e
ns
fe
de
of
y
er
in
ch
ma
huge industrial and military
y
ma
y
rt
be
li
d
an
ty
ri
cu
se
at
th
so
s,
peaceful methods and goal

together."

prosper

Kennedy,

President
much

budget,

expressed

saying:

view,

same

the

in a special

defense

on the

message

-on
ti
na
a
as
gy
lo
ho
yc
ps
r
ou
r
no
"Neither our strategy
t
en
nd
pe
de
me
co
be
st
mu
-y
om
on
ec
and certainly not our
ry
ta
li
mi
e
rg
la
a
of
e
nc
na
te
in
ma
t
upon our permanen

establishment."

Despite

grinds

defense"
to

send

inhabitants

the

Russians,

although
power

destructive

that the
ourselves,

on into

“balance
have

or dispersed
trigger-happy,

they
to

every

have

qualify

of terror"

since

the

arsenal,

overkill

will become more

an “invulnerable

in nuclear

our

not matched
for

to

city

major

striking

submarines.

no attack

can

Then,
hope

many

times

experts

hold

theory

to destroy

all

The

over.

enough

have

out

hope

the

as well as

stable when the Russians,
housed

capacity

for missile,

missile

eiubs| Many

force"
the

come

kingdom

of

machinery

the nuclear

have

We already

of overkill.

the age
of

"huge

the

these warnings,

and military

industrial

in hardened underground

goes,

each

of the

side

will

opponent's

be

silos

less

counterforce.

powers

other

possibility

as

Even

period,

perilous

this

proposition

the

against

the

told

he

when

every

"Today,

day when

inhabitant
no

it may

anxiety

common

longer

contemplate

must

of this planet

under

lives

child

and

woman,

Kennedy

President

truth.

their

voiced

Nations:

United

the

war

for

preparations

that

of

aware

instinctively

are

that

everywhere

People

peace.

can bring

argues

record

human

the whole

that

as well

understand

we must

during

establishment

defense

a strong

maintain

to

need

the

accept

we

advances.

technological

further

of

club

nuclear

the

into

entering

the

and

China;

Red

-- particularly

of

consequences

unsettling

the

irrationality,

error,

human

of account:

out

much

is

hope

smallest

the

Even

leaves

this

but

age,

dangerous

our

in

welcome

of Damocles,

sword

a nuclear

man,

Every

habitable.

be

t
cu
g
in
be
of
e
bl
pa
ca
s,
ad
re
th
hanging by the slenderest of
se
es
dn
ma
or
,
on
ti
la
cu
al
sc
mi
,
nt
de
ci
at any moment by ac
h
is
ol
ab
ey
th
re
fo
be
d
he
is
ol
The weapons or war must be ab

USe

race

arms

seeking

Symposium
to

the

be

This

is

complex"
implicit

sponsored
first

encouraging,

makers

the

Bendix

gathering

for

Corporation

held

it is

at

in the

is

constant

Symposium,

fighting

bidding

Bendix

for peace.

"
,
l
a
i
h
c
o
r
a
p
er
ng
lo
no
are

up

the

spoke
of

there

nuclear

the

and

rest

in the universities

the

is a growing

Control

of Michigan,

a leading

very

Arms

business

said
firm.

"military -industrial

awareness

of the dangers

powers

day-to-day

he said.

University
of

invitation

Vice President
"The

the

and

that within

evident

of which General Eisenhower

At this
business

such

by

and

in an International

participated

I recently

an answere

in industry,

in labor,

in government,

Many Americans
ere

States

United

the

of

security

the

endangering

-- without

and knowledgeable

"an alert

can

do to stop

citizenry"

world?

free

of the

What

is:

question

The
the

« «

it

Suauels
concerns

"Because

D.

O'Neal

explained

of industrial

tensions

-- national

why

decision-

and inter-

-~ 3-

the

capability,

analytic

similar

express

that

no doubt
for

we

Yet

uSe

of defense

a sudden withdrawal
not

do

the

that

believe

problems

The ingenuity of industry and

.
m
a
r
g
o
r
n
p
o
i
t
c
u
d
e
r
ms
ar
e
v
i
t
c
e
f
f
e
an
a barrier to

be

- would

to

only

not

invigorating

the

company

Another

challenge."

is equal to the

government

"The results

adds:

official

the

to

also

but

economy

American

constitute

should

transition

of

problems

severe

create

would

business

is

"There

says:

company

defense

for a major

A spokesman

views.

of disarmament,

y
t
i
l
i
b
i
s
s
o
p
e
th
th
wi
d
e
t
n
o
r
f
con

when

industrialists,

Other

solutions."

in seeking arms control

t
se
as
l
a
n
o
i
t
a
n
e
im
pr
a
be
n
ca
h
whic

to wrobleissol.vitig

approach

an

the

has

industry

of

threat

the

with

deal

that

believe

and

technology

computer

they

of business

out

and

in

both

now people

But

war,

had

businessmen

rasenily

could

Until

do.

governments

as

closely

as
that

confidence

little

modern

of business,

developments

and political

social

of

course

influence

-- directly

national

state

the

the

watch

corporations

free

entire

world.
is

It
rely

This

upon

adds

the

to

our

world

their

from basing

build

arms

some

that

significant

as

image

on

policies

turning

are

--

up

a peace

outworn

attention

their

nation

loving

other

prevent

helps

peacee

for

search

the

to

the United

about

cliches

and

profits

corporation

-- whose

industrialists

nations

Statese

in
s
s
e
n
i
s
u
b
g
bi
at
th
n
o
i
t
r
e
s
s
a
et
vi
So
e
th
is
r
wa
ld
co
e
th
of
ot
ro
e
th
At
the United
policy

other

of war-mongeringe

labor

leaders

capitalisims the

My effort
lackey

is in control

States

Russia

of government
Khrushchev

Mr.

and I talked with him for

root

of all

to reach him with

of American

subscribe.

When

and advocates

facts

capitalism",
attempts

evil;

Wall

four

Street

resulted

a statement

to prey

was

only

the

United

hours.

His

refrain

and Big Business

to which

on the minds

States,

visiting

in his

and

epithet

run

that

General Motors
hearts

imperalist"

a “capitalist

was

the

several

unchanged:

countrye

I am “the
would

of the peoples

chief

hardly
now

1.
2.

Big

has

Big

business

controls

Therefore,

3.

holocauste

family,

human

it up bluntly

summed

firm

defense

of a leading

destroy

the

serving

on

go

to

"We want

recently:

of

The vice president

-- or its profits.

the world

that no one will inherit

number

increasing

which will

forces

release

will

war

nuclear

that

executives

corporation

realization

a growing

is

there

However,

to a nuclear

only

lead

an

among

to rattle

continue

who

could

which

policies

for war-mongering

call

and

the missile

natilone

ultra-right

on the

those

society

our

in

are

There

is a war-minded

States

the United

States

United

the

that:

in war

interest

a vested

business

holds

argument

Soviet

the

terms,

simplest

In the

of

scourge

the

from

emerging

theme.

on this

constantly

by pounding

rule

colonial

live customerse"

stalemate.
of

too

family;

human

the

and

promise

of

expanding

in many

directionse

with

Together
is

going

forward

a recently

formed

are refining

being

used

aerial

to keep

anticipation
of

executive

Some

instrumentse

agreement

of
on

the

under

the

and
of

these

tabs

on

department

fantastic

possibility

inspection.

of

Tests

computing

missile

are

and

also

test

are

existence
profitable

Their

of their work
Agency,

and Disarmament

and other

Others
ban

underway

devices

electronic

strength.

a nuclear

much

seismographs

radar,

nuclear

to the President.
directly

reports

that

cameras,

Soviet

Control

the

future.

in the

experts,

labor

talent,

break

peace

of

weapons

their

continuing

to the

customers

of the Arms

direction

satellite

the

that

and

engineers

scientists,

is

available

to help

effort

essential

available

having

greater

carry

are

efforts

as well

understand

they

peace

that

only

not

realize

They

have

in a growing

influence

and their

Lebeiceteries

their

complex

industriel

in the

Leaders

to make

begun

or
to

the

are

being

chance

determine

of

the

They

detecting

are

already

developed
some

form

potential

in

peacetime

uses

of these

industry

is

and the way people

total

nation
The

The

life.
the

of

way

a strategy

waye

We

must

can

Our

to

human

family

lives

in which the

be met

from

away

move

also

contest

that

of

a tenth

the

total

nearly

employs,

directly and indirectly,
full

economic

strictly

not war-mongers,
economy

suffering

of

impact

effects
but

our

American

economye

productive

23% is the

arms

In the

employment

lowest

last

and $600

Control

Arms

of

production

social

the
is

and

avoiding

economic

threatened.

Agency,

and Disarmament

goods

develop

of

shitter:

an

into

to

just

mean

not

does

of

destroying

is

therefore,

freedom

wherever

to the

however,

preparations,

"psychology

our

and

services

and

unemployment

at

the

goes

beyond

their

We have become,

as a nation."

in a slack

since “2

-- particularly

“defense-mongers"

Something like 20% of our productive
Even with

stalemate

two ways

without

terms

the

a like percentage of the labor force."

to permeate

contracts,

techniques

disarmament.

between

in
of Communism

threat

defense

from persisting

Harvard,

in which

effort

achieve

contest

This

means.

nuclear

U.S.

and

problem,

central

other

the

race

in military

waged

Our

by

arms

a continuing

initiative

"absorbs

The

the

in

according

program,

defense

check

long-term

democratic

by

at

negotiating

integrated

an

emerged

not

to preserve.

seek

scientists

study

to

of Michigan

decisively

be

cannot

waging

for

has

there

and political

situations.

energies

we

life

social

its

struggle

peace,

dynamic
fields

whole

up with

in crisis

however,

bends

gadgets.

the University

behave

far,

Thus

teaming

and

California

MeleTe,

complex

intolerablyffeee-ot

over

5%6

capacity lays idle.

there

has

been

an almost

we

have

lost

10 years,
billion

of any industrialized

in

goods

nation

and

continuous

24 million

services.

on either

side

man

Our

slack
years

growth

of the

Iron

in the
of

rate

of

Curtaine

rate

Japan's

22) uortrnst,

is 7.2% and Italy's

West Germany's

of growth is 8.7%,

is 58%.

tragic waste

This

of

despite

today,

Even

passenger

year,

car

1962,

July,

our

because

U.S.

the

than

steel

more

During

potential.

economic

stems

“bury us"

he will

the

stockpiling

the

steel

ed
duc
pro
e
tim
st
fir
the
for
on
Uni
iet
Sov
the

is

industry

and

steel

our

long

The

in brief

Here,

Tt would

States

large
into

that

enough

we

begin

are

the

self-sustaining

billion per year to improve

with

the

take

is

how

a formal

a Total

The

by unilateral
such

announcement

Peace

by

Offensive

countries

announcement

action

strategy

a peace

--

be

out

coupled

fronte

fronte

carried

can be

a massive

grinding

Control

on the peace

President

the

steadily

would

again

once

are

on the Arms

action

unilateral

underdeveloped

growth.

in Geneva

negotiations

initiative

outline,

launching

to move

ban

cannot

UeS.

capture

however,

us

permit

to waging

annually

society.
of test

years

The

to a deadlock.

would

million

a seven

capacity.

of

to commit Vbof biraion

and still have an additional $7

of American

quality

It can,

This

5%.

offensive

a total peace
the

to

potential.

g
in
is
ra
by
n
lio
bil
0
$94
s
thi
n
gai
But we can

low growth rate continues.

growth rate

its

of

in siehik wail services

$940 billion

r
the
ano
e
los
ll
sha
we
ade
dec
t
nex
the
In

if our present

60%

only

at

operating

of

boom

relative

the

43%

only

at

operating

was

industry
of

its maximum

harnessing

is not

that America

from the fact

confidence

Khrushchev's

of Mrs

Much

tyrannye

with

margin

the

be

could

it

front

world

on the

And

doing.

need

contest

in freedom's

survival

that

that

things

other

the

all

of

17 million

the

for

dignity

and

and

care,

medical

improved

citizens,

older

our

security

greater

children,

our

for

opportunities

educational

adequate

more

standards,

margin

the

front

home

the

on

represents

living

higher

of

in terms

progress

economic

of

I believe,

national product,

in our gross

of $600 billion

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mobilized

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9 -

- Page

caught

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environment

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freedom

is

- Page

States

Control

S.

production

U.

total

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American

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Disarmament

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- page

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1963

Insert 'D'' = page 1l
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Insert ''E''

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This

of the free world
social

Mr.

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systemPof

Khrushchev

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5,

1963

12

challenge

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United

States

to a peaceful

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the free world

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in
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March

DRAFT

Insert ''F"'

- page

and, second, the

hearts

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leaders

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- Page

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Soviets

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.

March 5, 1963

DRAFT

Insert ''G''

- page

While

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13

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Khrushchey,

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March 5, 1953

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17

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