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Publications
-
box: 565
folder: 10
-
1946 to 1949
-
OUR TASK IN 1947
By Walter P. Reuther
Statement for Ford Facts
fer America and for the world.
1947 will be a fateful year for labor,
It will be a vear
te build
a firm basis
ef the
We
jeb of helping
consumers
The
insecure,
task
and full
preduction
enplnyunrt,
recognizes
the nation
eur pregress
toward
ef all labor
purchasing
can purchase
CIO
of its
capacity
the
power to
a level
that
wages must be raised,
and factory.
urgency
of this
task.
peace.
and
To wage this
that,
We know
against
fight
support
thus
is insecure,
the world
That
full
and prices held—so that
of farm
is insecure,
the
for
impending
the
will
preducts
the
empleyment.
and full
To aveid
this year.
reseurces
eur full
te mobilize
started
already
the nation teward full preduction
to raise
depression,
tests
decisive
face
for peace.
CIO have
the major
is
task
democracy will
in which
insecurity
if labor
is
retarding
and
depression,
laber must rally the American public behind a campaign to increase consumer
inceme while
devete
holding dewn prices.
This is an educational
the major portion of our energies
UAV-CIO members
responsibility
and leaders
in performing
this
in 19/7.
are pledged
task
HEY
job to which we must
during
te
carry their
the coming
EE
full
year.
share
of
Mr.
Ben M, Cherrington,
Chairman
Committee on International Relations
Nat'l Education Assoc. of the United
1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W.
States
Washington 6, D. ¢.
Dear Mr.
Cherrington:
b
num
nt
ie
ic
ff
su
a
m
fro
s
nt
me
co
|
ts
ae
am
Se
the
on
ly
te
ua
eq
ad
d
se
vi
ad
be
specialists in lL epentbemeh affairs to
own
my
For
.
um
ul
ic
rr
cu
ol
ho
sc
é
“th
e
subject matter which should be includ
~—
I eens
like to ae +
to that area of international affairs
ugzest:
Ly estves in
Vol
“ld
a
the schools
and from my own
» 5 Se agpeeees Se ee
ow ao
delegates by the international trade unions, the exchang
j
publications throughout the world and converences
anc meetings among the leadere
ship of trade unions internationally, have had a tne more mnening fal
ae on
mapenetanding than the widely publicized Rhodes s
nind
yc
understanding,
I only wish to indicate
reference to the role of trade unions,
to you how ovtoun
ie the
Specifically, i believe that it is impossible to a! an honest
,
wit
|
hou
Liv
t
e
lan
ds
oth
er
in
se0
p]
wa
y
the
of
onan. children
but even on this level = that is,
enboshus of any
account to
:
the level of fourth, py
children- there can be references to the fact that in Holl
Germany, as well as in the United States, the parents of imp:
earners and as wage earners they belong to trade unions, | |
Even in an elementary text it can be pointed out that
trad e and
parents of eniléres an other commnies = ong are affiliated wi
ons. —
unions through
for young
I think that geographies
ate
of trade wee.
ts :
gi
can talk &bout the
| / there would be no violation of
sr an (were told that the parents of
FX thi
sent Kivi
g, to security, to education for
Shey hope
In higher
omnis
discuss the
A. believe
trade union
Organizations,
trade unions
that the fase sts
uhere.
and thin
at
Japah
again the seamntael
Courses
im
conpa
to realize
ative
|gove
their aspirations
Tmment
and
civics
is
NnOUuLe
in Narious eombvian just as they discuss
couns¢s are apabentel on the United Nations
shoumae doé a discussion of the effect articulate
form
of
charter and the present structure of the
ccount . of the
rise
of fascism
lt it n evessary to destroy the trade
they could be secure]
the trade union mov
first step in the.
146
or gant 2a
ons, \
certajnly
organization,
/
,
ler, that
hould mention the
fact
movement before
the resistance to fascism was primarily oo
i that after the B27's and 24's destroyed Germany, the
ion was the reorganization of democratic trade celeun,
afte: SRS
ESE
ES
Faeuin with the reorganization of the trade union movement.
Any course in recent history in high school or college is necessarily a course in
international
relations,
ful
to l
ins
y
ure that oe
ations on world affairs,
I
think
oe
that our recent
credit to
histories
the impact of
shoul
|
@xamined
»
trade union organis-
Frequently in discussions of international relations a set of instruments for
promoting international understanding is detailed,
I have seen very, very few
of these programs which indicate that a most effective way of promoting international
eons
is through the close cooperation of international trade unions,
2
o
exchange of trade union delegates and members of trade
|
Briefly, the whole me
| the d that is being prenenes for
ee exchang
students could be used even more ) effectively by exchanging
t
malts
%.
«
I presume that in writing me you simply wanted a description of a perspective
rather than a detailed discussion of specific texts,
I have given you here
what I consider to be a proper perspective for the reorientation of the teaching
of international affairs.
|
me
athe evenk Wad « cemibbion is O veview tha whisation materiale vaieh you .
prepare, I would like very much to have the opportunity to serve on such a
committee myself or to designat
eone
to ser
such a committee,
I do not believe that it is possible to educate children effectively for the
_
part they must play in the world to come wnless the education they receive is
honest and is representative within the schoo!
the
workd that exists outside
the school.
Certainly 4 curriculum which omits: any reference to trade unions
does not fulfill this requirement,
|
|
wpr/ce
a
=
vee
*
—
Pre
s
eA
DEC 13 194g
ee
NATIONAL
1201
EDUCATION
SIXTEENTH
OF
ASSOCIATION
STREET,
N.
W.,
STATES
UNITED
THE
C.
D.
6,
WASHINGTON
WILLARD E. GIVENS
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COMMITTEE ON
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
BEN
M. CHERRINGTON,
DENVER
OF
UNIVERSITY
EVANS
RACHEL
CHAIRMAN
ANDREW JACKSON HIGH SCHOOL
ST;
NEW
ALBANS,
December
:
YORK
ll,
|
1946
JAMES
WILBUR
F. MURR
eee
TO
,
THE
SECRETARY
/Aythle se me gay
COMMITTEE
INTERNATIONAL
HOLLAND
KENNETH
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
WILLIAM
TEACHERS
COLUMBIA
G. CARR
ASSOCIATE
x
ANDERSON
WILLIAM
RELATIONS
F. RUSSELL
COLLEGE
UNIVERSITY
T. SHOTWELL
CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT
INTERNATIONAL PEACE
FOR
‘
7
Mr. Walter Reuther
411 West Milwaukee Avenue
Detroit 2, Michigan
Dear
have
Mr.
The
Reuther:
turned
teachers
to
us
of America,
for
help
in
through their Natioral Education Association,
answering
the
all-important
questions:
be
What should American school children
about international affairs?
It willbe an invaluable
help to us—and the
nation's
taught
teachers—if
we
may draw upon your wide and instructive experience in the affairs of the world.
I fully appreciate that with your crowded schedule I am making no light request,
butI also am aware of your deep concern.that American education be made a more
Because of your
effective instrument for undergirding international peace.
interest in this subject, I earnestly hope you will be willing to write me a
letter expressing your ideas as to what the elementary and secondary schools of
the United States should be teaching in the field of international relations.
Your letter will be used by our committee and its professional staff as a
guide in formulating curriculum recommendations to be contained in a volume
of this volume is the principal
Preparation
scheduled for publication next summer.
part of a newly launched project jointly financed by the National Education AsWNo part of your letter will
of New York.
sociation and the Carnegie Corporation
be published without your permission.
Will you kindly address
May I in advance
letterhead.
you may’ be able to offer.
your reply
express my
to me at the address
deep appreciation of
given above on this
such counsel as
Sincerely
yours,
Ben M. Cherringt
Chairman, Committe’ on
International Relations
BNC
ssd
ON
Sennittee on "ietenatinal Relations
National Education Association of the U.S.
1201
Sixteenth Street,
—
6,
NeWe
DC.
;
It wild be brent
return to the office.
|
/ok
uopwa 26 cio
|
~
to his
attention
:
upon
his
TRANSMITTAL
IE A
(
A
SAO
ON
IR
SLIP
| eh: AE
To:
Walter
P.
Reuther
From:
Victor
G.
Reuther
) For Your
Information
( } Note and Return to Me
( ) Per Your Request
Comments:
__For
your approva
ssl.
eiitttins,
AIRERAF? “AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS
a
of AMERICA (WAW-CIO)
ti
HEADQUARTERS
INTERNATIONAL
WEST
411
@
AVENUE
MILWAUKEE
DETROIT
@
2,
MICHIGAN
é
WALTER
P. REUTHER
7
R. J. THOMAS
PRESIDENT
GEO.
VICE
F. ADDES
SEC. & TREAS.
RICHARD
5
Mr.
Ben M.
Committee
TRINITY
Assoc.
1201 Sixteenth Street,
Washington 6, D. C.
Dear
Mr.
30,
1946.
Chairman
International
Nat'l Education
LEONARD
1-6600
Cherrington,
on
T.
VICE PRESIDENT
December
PHONE
PRESIDENT
Relations
of the United States
N. W.
!
:
a
Nyy
a
;
Cherrington:
I am very gratef
toul
you for the opportunity to indicate what
school children should be taught about international affairs.
I believe that you will
in international affairs
which should be included
to limit my suggestions
competence, namely, the
understanding, peace and
From what I remember
I believe
American
probably get comments from a sufficient number of specialists
to be advised adequatelon
y the specific subject matter
in the school curriculum.
For my own part I should like
to that area of international affairs in which I have some
part labor organizations play in promoting international
the international well-being of human beings.
of the trainingI received in the schools
and from my own reading
in the textbooks on history and world affairs,
it is apparent to me that almost no
attention is paid to labor unions.
Only in advanced courses in college history, for
example, is the fact brought out that an important feature in international relations
during the American civil war was the active sympathy of the British werkine-ctas:
for the North.
|
|
labor
organizations.
college
graduate
who knows
the names
:
Oraandrynd,
Palen.
Mut AA
In recent years no textbook with which I or several specialist I have spoken to are
familiar mentions the fact that the most potent pressure for aid to the Spanish
Republicans during the civil war was generated by trade unions throughout the world.
It is only a well-informed
|
of the
international
I think it could be said that the United Nations Organizations, particularly its
Economic and Social Council, has been profoundly affected by organized labor through
out the world.
Much is ane of the role the exchange of students on undertakings.
like the Rhodes scholarships have played in promoting international understanding.
Actually I believe that any objective appraisal would reveal that the existence of
the World Federation of Trade Unions’ exchange of fraternal delegates by the international trade unions, the exchange ‘of trade union publications throughout the world
ae
and meetings among the leadership of trade unions internationally
had a much more meaningful effect on understanding than the widely publicized
iiss scholarship. Not, mind you, that I wish to minimize the importance
kind of approach to initertational understanding.
I only wish to indicate
of this
to you
Dus
how
serious
is
the
omission
of
any
reference
to
the
role
of trade
unions.
Specifically, I believe that it is impossible to present an honest account to
school children of the way people in other lands live without telling them some—
thing about the trade unions to which people in other lands belong.
It is all
very well to say that the little Dutch children wear wooden shoes and grow tulips
,
but even on this level - that is, the level of fourth, fifth and sixth grade children
there can be references to the fact that in Holland, France, England, Germany, as
well as in the United States, the parents of most children are Wage earners and as
wage earners they belong to trade unions,
-
Even in an elementary text it can be pointed out that trade unions to which the
parents of children in other countries belong are affiliated with American trade
unions through international organizations,
I think that geographies for younger children and civics books can
aspirations of trade unions.
It seems to me that there would be no
the practices or ethics of education if children were told that the
children in other lands aspire to a decent living, to security, to
their children, and in most cases the way they hope to realize their
through trade unions,
~,
talk about the
violation of
parents of
education for
aspirations is
In higher grades I believe that courses in comparative government and civics should
discuss the trade union organizations in various countries just as they discuss
|
other national institutions.
When courses are presenteon
d the United Nations Organ—
izations, certainly there should be a discussion of the effect articulate trade unio
ns
had on the final form of the charter and the present structure of the organiza
tion.
Any
course
in recent
international
to insure that
world affairs.
history
relations.
they
give
in
high
I think
proper
school or
that
credit
our
to
college
recent
the
is
necessarily
histories
impact
of
trade
should
union
a course
be examined
in
carefully
organizations
on
Frequently
in discussions of international relations a set of instruments for promoting
international understanding is detailed.
I have seen very, very few of these programs
which indicate that a most effective way of promoting international un
derstanding is
_
one that is whe
inl
opl
erat
y
ion and which can be extended to become even more effective
through the close cooperatioof
n international trade unions, through the international
exchange of trade union delegates and members of trade unions.
Briefly, the whole
method that is being promoted for the exchange of students could be used even more
effectively by exchanging trade union members,
I presume that in writing me you simply wanted a description of a perspective rather
than a detailed discussion of specific texts. TI have given you here what I consider
to be a proper perspective for the reorientation #fthe teaching of international affairs.
In the event
I would like
to designate
that a committee is to review the education materials which you prepare,
very much to have the opportuto
nise
trv
ye on such a committee myself or
someone to serve on such a committee.
I do not believe that it is possible to educate
must
play
in the
world
to
come
unless
the
children effectively for the part they
education
they
receive
is
honest
and
is
repre—
sentative
within
the
a curriculum
which
wpr/cec
|
ment,
uopwa
26 cio
school of
omits
any
the
world
reference
to
that
trade
exists
unions
outside
does
the
not
school.
fulfill
Certainly
this require-
(cont.)
Certainly any account of the rise of fascism should mention the fact that
the fascists felt it necessary to destroy the trade union movement
before
they could be securely in power, that the resistence to fascism
was primarily
.
from the trade union movement and that after the B27's and 24's
ee
ini Ie
Germany, the first step in the reconstruction was the reorganization
of
trade unions, and that in Japan after the atom bomb destroyed the
will to
resist of that nation, a gain the reconstruction began -omiky with
the reorganization
of
the
trade
union
movement.
Walter
P.
Reuther
Our Social Setup Lags
Behind our Technological Progress
MERICAN
labor
and
American
management
are
being called upon to make the most important decision of their lives. What they do in the next six or
nine months
will determine whether
or not we shall
use the opportunities which peace affords us to safeguard the future of this country and, to a very large
extent, the future of the world.
The practical problem before us is to find machinery
for establishing and maintaining a proper relationship
between the three important factors of our economic
equation: wages, prices, and profits. The CIO performed an important service for the people of this
country when it engaged Robert R. Nathan to prepare
a report about some of the phases of the arithmetic
of our economy and its future. Nathan seems to have
stirred up a hornets’ nest because he laid on the table
some brutal, stubborn, unpleasant facts. Had he dealt
with a lot of abstractions and pious slogans no one
would have been excited. There would have been no
editorial columns or cartoons to scare the timid or
anger the arrogant. But Nathan said that wages must
go up and that prices can be held, and that substantial
profits can still accrue to employers.
The other day the New York Daily News dug deeply
in the historical mothballs and quoted a statement
made by Joseph Medill, one-time mayor of Chicago, in
1885. Medill had said that you could not raise wages
without raising prices. But that is what we have been
doing year after year. While the auto workers worked
shorter hours and their wages went higher and higher
for 20 years, the cost of an automobile came down
steadily. That is true, basically, of all American in-
dustry.
Volume
the Key to Higher Living Standards
There is nothing miraculous about it. I went through
a truck plant yesterday. It has been in existence for
some years, but now it is beginning to buy modern
machinery. On one machine that they bought in 1918
a worker was grinding a crank shaft, and he ground
one a day. On the next machine, a new one that they
just bought from the War Assets Administration, an-
other
fellow
was
grinding
four
a day.
That
is
the
answer, and all the mumbo-jumbo about high prices
will not change those simple elementary facts.
Bob Nathan said that in order to get the wages of
the average worker back to where they were in 1945
we need an over-all round-figure increase of 23%. He
also said that American industry is about to realize its
peak earnings after taxes, approximating $15 billion,
or three and one-half times as high as the profits after
Walter P. Reuther
taxes for the base period 1936-1939. That means that
as an over-all group American industry can give sub-
stantial wage increases without raising the cost of its
goods to consumers. Volume is the key to this whole
question. High levels of production mean that high
wages are possible with low prices, and industry can
still make substantial profits on its investment.
Last year our union went to General Motors and
said: ‘We believe that our workers are entitled to a
certain wage adjustment. We say that this adjustment
should be had out of higher earnings of the corporation, and not out of higher prices to consumers. We
will scale down our demand, or withdraw it completely
if the facts show that the industry cannot meet it
without increasing prices.’ We said that we wanted
the American labor movement to rise above the status
of an economic pressure group which attempts to solve
its problems at
wanted to gear
the expense of society. We said we
our demands to the welfare of the
Mr. Reuther is President of the United Automobile,
Aircraft, Agricultural Implement Workers of America (CIO); author of the “Reuther Plan” which he
advanced in 1941, with a view to achieving maximum
efficiency in conversion to war production of planes.
Mr. Reuther was the recipient of nation-wide bouquets as well as brickbats when,
late in 1945,
he de-
manded wage increases for the auto workers out of
GM’s “ability to pay” without increase in auto prices.
His suggestion of “taking a look at the books” and
his reference to the “arithmetic” of wages, prices
and profits were most shocking to many “free enterrise” -attuned ears. An evaluation of the type of
Phar leadership Walter Reuther represents appeared
in the April-May ’46 issue of LABor and NATION under
the
heading,
Dear
Walter.
nation, because that is the only way this problem can
be solved right. Labor can make progress in the world
only to the extent that it advances and fights for the
realization of practical programs that are geared to the
welfare of the whole community.
But they did not welcome our point of view. General Motors answered in effect: Why in hell don’t you
quit trying to act like statesmen? Why don’t you just
come in and pound the table and say what you want,
and let the public be damned? Why do you want to
play with prices, since they are something you are
not entitled to talk about?
|
Now they say that labor is irresponsible. If they
9
are unwilling to permit labor to deal with these factors
in collective bargaining they are denying labor an
opportunity to act in a responsible manner. They must
accept the full responsibility for what may result from
that refusal.
As a people among the peoples of the world we are
learning, if slowly and at great cost, that peace is
indivisible. But freedom likewise is indivisible. In our
interdependent and closely integrated economic system no group can seek to undermine the freedom of
other groups without achieving the destruction of all
freedom, its own as well. Have we misread or forgotten
the lesson of Germany’s experience? The Fritz Thyssens and the other great captains of German industry
and finance who supported Hitler’s rise to power
thought that they could use fascism and hitlerism as
a tool to beat labor and that, having crushed labor,
they would have their own way, free and unopposed.
But fascism dug their graves as well, and eventually
all Germany was in the abyss. As we watch those on
the American scene who are now getting ready to go
all-out against labor, the pattern of a future too
dreadful to consider lightly appears in telling clarity.
It is either—or. Either we set out, whether fully
aware of it or not, in the direction of a super-state
which will assume to do our job for all of us at the
cost of all freedom, or we act in a cooperative, voluntary fashion. I suggested the other day that to solve
the issues in this crisis we convene a voluntary conference of the top people in the councils of industry
and labor, meeting not at the direction or invitation
of government, but with government coming into it
only in a technical, advisory capacity, and that this
labor-management conference do not indulge in generalities or in pious slogans about free enterprise and
the rights of man, but act in a down-to-earth fashion
and look these knotty, hard-boiled economic facts
squarely in the face. Perhaps, to clear the atmosphere
for a more intelligent evaluation of the situation, the
first day might be used, under the heading of “good
and welfare,’ for the management people and the
labor people to call each other all the names that they
like and to throw all the dead cats at each other. But
when the day is over they should fumigate the hall
and start the conference fresh on the basis of the
facts as they are. And I suggested the following
agenda for that conference:
A.
Initiation of aggressive action to break the bottlenecks
that are preventing the achievement of maximum production. High and sustained levels of production are
the key to the wage, price, profit factors which, make
for scarce materials and to make substitute materials
available to industries able to use them.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
Develop practical ways and means of breaking the
vicious price-wage scale that has had our economy
on an increasingly accelerated merry-go-round since
V-J Day.
l
wil
t
tha
icy
pol
ic
nom
eco
e
ang
g-r
lon
a
of
n
tio
jec
Pro
get wages, prices and profits into the proper relaa
in
ta
in
ma
and
e
iev
ach
can
we
t
tha
so
ip
nsh
tio
balance between mass productive power and mass
purchasing power.
omrec
be
to
al,
pos
pro
tax
nt
joi
a
of
t
en
pm
lo
Deve
our
n
the
eng
str
l
wil
t
tha
ss,
gre
Con
the
to
mended
on
ng
oni
cti
fun
y
om
on
ec
our
p
kee
to
s
ort
eff
national
a full production, full employment and full consumption basis.
Exploration of means of establishing a guaranteed
annual wage in America’s basic industries through
collective bargaining.
n
io
at
iz
al
it
sp
ho
te
ua
eq
ad
e
id
ov
pr
to
ps
ste
Practical
and medical care and old age retirement programs
col
h
ug
ro
th
her
eit
es
ili
fam
ir
the
and
s
er
rk
wo
for
m
ra
og
pr
ve
ati
isl
leg
a
h
ug
ro
th
or
ng
ni
ai
rg
ba
e
lectiv
jointly sponsored by labor and management.
s
an
me
e
or
pl
ex
to
e
te
it
mm
co
nt
joi
a
of
t
Establishmen
.
ss
re
og
pr
ial
soc
o
int
ss
re
og
pr
l
ca
ni
ch
te
g
in
at
sl
an
of tr
ial
soc
d
an
l
ca
gi
lo
no
ch
te
n
ee
tw
be
lag
the
In the past
dislocation. In the
economic
has meant
progress
atomic age it may be disastrous.
er
nf
co
r
la
mi
si
,
ce
en
er
nf
co
al
on
ti
na
s
thi
g
in
Follow
im
to
ry
st
du
in
c
si
ba
y
er
ev
in
ed
ll
ca
be
ld
ou
ences sh
al
on
ti
na
e
th
,
ng
ni
ai
rg
ba
ve
ti
ec
ll
co
h
plement, throug
program.
is
rk
wo
y
ac
cr
mo
de
ke
ma
to
le
gg
ru
st
The whole
o
int
ss
re
og
pr
l
ca
gi
lo
no
ch
te
e
at
sl
an
tr
to
man’s effort
al
ic
ys
ph
e
th
n
ee
tw
be
lag
at
th
is
It
.
ss
re
og
social pr
d
an
,
es
nc
ie
sc
al
ic
ys
ph
e
th
in
ow
-h
ow
kn
e
th
,
es
scienc
dee
th
o
int
ow
-h
ow
kn
at
th
e
at
sl
an
tr
to
man’s ability
s
thi
g
in
at
sl
an
tr
,
ms
is
an
ch
me
al
ci
so
of
velopment
at
th
t,
en
em
ov
pr
im
al
ci
so
o
int
t
en
em
ov
pr
im
technical
is the crux of the whole problem.
the
it
spl
to
w
ho
ow
kn
We
.
on
ti
na
t
ea
gr
a
We are
el
av
tr
l
wil
at
th
80
Pa
d
il
bu
to
w
ho
ow
kn
atom; we
ss
re
og
pr
t
ea
gr
e
th
ts
ec
fl
re
at
Th
.
ur
ho
an
s
le
600 mi
e
Th
e.
nc
ie
sc
al
ic
ys
ph
of
ld
fie
the
in
de
that we have ma
nma
d
an
r
bo
la
h
ic
wh
,
ow
rr
mo
to
d
an
y
da
to
challenge
ke
ta
n
ca
we
r
he
et
wh
is
y,
tl
in
jo
pt
ce
ac
st
mu
t
en
agem
that
for
next
the
technical progress and translate it into progress
people. What we do about that challenge in the
few months, as I said in starting, will determine
future of America and the future of the world.
up the economic question.
B.
A realistic evaluation of our material supply compared to our needs at our projected higher levels of
production; and the initiation of coordinated action
and planning to increase production of basic materials
through maximum utilization of existing facilities,
both private and public. Where existing facilities are
inadequate,
construction
of new
facilities, either
privately or publicly financed, must be undertaken
without delay.
C.
Initiation of a comprehensive inventory of all scarce
materials and the putting into operation of a voluntary
system
of material
allocation
to eliminate
hoarding and unbalanced stockpiling of critical materials. Materials must be allocated on the basis of
essentiality.
Launching of a joint research project by private and
government technicians to find and develop substitutes
D.
10
bpu
g
in
er
id
ns
co
is
d
ar
Bo
on
ti
Na
d
an
r
so
La
The
the
by
de
ma
be
ll
wi
on
si
ci
de
e
th
y—
hl
nt
lishing mo
in
ma
re
ll
wi
e
ic
Pr
).
ge
pa
r
ve
co
de
si
in
readers (see
the same: $5.00 a year. Subscribe now.
LABOR and NATION, January-February, 1947
EprrorrAL OFFICE
~ Natronat Caraoric Macazine
UNION CITY, N. J.
December
31,
1946
Mr. Frank Winn
411 W. Milwaukee
Detroit 2, Mich.
Dear
Winn:
Mr.
In accordance with our telephome conversation of a few minutes
as
see,
to
you
for
Sign
The
of
es
copi
few
a
g
alon
ing
send
am
ago, I
ger
bur
sen
Wei
er
Walt
Mr.
to
sent
m
ndu
ora
mem
the
of
copy
the
well as
by
cle
arti
ve
cti
spe
pro
the
of
ine
outl
an
not
is
This
of the NAM.
ts
poin
le
sib
pos
of
n
tio
ges
sug
a
as
ly
mere
nded
any means, but is inte
for mutual discussion.
I presume that Father Gorman told you over the phone this
words.
1800
about
be
should
e
articl
the
of
length
the
that
morning
The deadline for us to get the MS. to the press is Monday, January
vastly
be
would
it
that
say
I
when
stand
under
will
you
So
13th.
appreciated if you could get the article in about a day or so
before if possible.
For the layout we plan to run a picture of Mr. Weisenburger
So would you kindly send along a glossy
and one of Mr. Reuther.
print of Mr. Reuther -- iff convenient, even before you send the
MS.
from
with
along
the
the
so we
can get
January number,
pictures of the
the
engraving work done.
we usually
respective
illustrate
authors.
As you may note
these
Mr. Weisenburger writes that he is "only too
pro side of "Should Industrywide Bargaining Be
articles
forum
glad" to write
_
Abolished?"
the
because “this is a auestion which is very widely misunderstood
I am very happy that Mr. Reuther
and which needs to be clarified."
through you has consented to do the con side, for 1 know there is
danger now of the laurels
little
going to the NAM!
That
is hardly
an impartial position for an edibdor to take, but I must confess
!
tion
ques
this
on
ial
part
but
hing
anyt
ly
onal
pers
am
I
that
With
wishes
/| ae
i
for
the
coming year,
I am,
Very truly yours,
ea
ee Pe ne
| aa
[ae
om
aesPS
ae
RP x |
"
:
good
+
y, he
gles
(Rev. ) David
Bulman,
Associate
©.P.
Editor
& *
|
by Walter P,. Reuther
President, UAW-C1IO
were
If the question
spokesmen
;
automobile industry,
the
any in
isn't
There
simple
to reply:
indeed,
I would
have
yet auto
company
executives
bargaining?"
industry-wide
"What
be
in the
be Abolished
Bargaining
Industry-wide
would
my answer
Industry?",
Automobile
"Should
&
for the industry's
various
are among
associations
the
loudest
and
oppon-
ents of such an arrangement.
this
I mention
most
for the
ing
part
into
entered
the
with
employers
who have
those
“oe
to begin
never
because
who most
with
the
mining
her,
industry,
they
while
many
seem to prefer
operators
to deal
Employers who
it.
in
their
like
to get
on an industry-wide
rid
basis
that
significant
bargain-
industry-wide
as do the unions.
t
en
em
ng
ra
ar
e
th
th
wi
d
ie
sf
ti
sa
ll
we
as
e
quit
might
with
unions
perhaps
oppose
vigorously
had any experience
contracts
industry-wide
it is
I think
field
have
seem to
be
Even in the coal
altoget-
of the union
if they
have
to bargain
at all.
We in “ue
UAW-CIO
ment in the automobile
The
purpose
consider
the
eee
of an industry-wide
industry our most important
of industry-wide
bargaining in the
economic
wage
agree=-
objective,
automobile
industry would
be
|
WPleee2d
to
establish
or the
manufactured
would apply
to
shift premium,
Such
vacation
is
believe
that
pay,
on moral,
justified
to
etc,
provisions,
as well as economic
a drill
It would
grounds,
the communities
press
as a person
in which
the
in the AC
operating
Spark
Plug
plant
same machine
the
not receive the same wage now,
The AC worker pee
in the Buick plant in Flint.
such as night
as a whole,
same wages
the
overtime
the industry,
also
operating
es
a
pay,
call-in
principle
issues,
economic
other
same
The
}
the products
to
regard
of the plant.
covering
provisions
and the nation
is entitled
in Flint
location
only the workers but
industry operates
We
of pay
geographical
contract
purpose
not
benefit
rates
owen
without
equal work
for
the
e
hav
to
ed
ir
qu
re
is
k,
wor
of
d
kin
e
sam
even though he is doing exactly the
same
amount
of
skill
and
produ with
the
same
efficiency
as his
worker
brother
in Buick.
believe
We
should
receive
The
worker
Seth
that
the
industry's
is that
plant
under
same wage
as his
rationalization
the plant
produces
the
the
circumstances
same
brother worker
for
paying
the
in which the former works
finished
a worker in Atlanta,
Georgia
in Detroit,
AC worker
produces
less
parts,
than the Buick
while
the
automobile.
In the case of the Atlanta worker,
the industry's rationalization
is that
WPreeed
he
and,
company
advantage
One
over his
business
of a better
eering,
no
Detroit
competitors.
in
is to take
justification
rivals
product
at
for any
great business
requires merely
genius
a genius
purpose
of
prices
sie
of
company
competition
saute
for
having
not
does
an unfair
“ane through
equal
advantage
a competitive
inferior
see no
can
We
condi-
working
should be based on the manufacture
wiser management , more
-—- even
seized
adds to the profits
employer
competition.
of lower wages or
of production
to
out
has
that
labor but which
equal pay
through
scale
the Atlanta
gives
labor
on the basis
Lower
techniques
better
A second
of his
sual chine
and healthy business
Honest
tions.
in the
bargaining
moral or economic
its
lower
allegedly
employer
the
a lower wage
pay
second. case,
of the UAW-CIO
aim
industry-wide
over
is
of living
that
is
happened
worker for the full value
compensate the
of the
and the
arbitrarily
to
hand
at
excuse
really
has
what
cases,
In both
upon
cost
Atlanta
in the
than in Detroit,
in Atlanta
any
is in Detroit
than it
lower
area is
the
because
money
less
be paid
should
pattern
general wage
better
sales
by arbitrarily paying
expert
promotion,
low
aeen
engin-
It
requires
That
for chiselling.
the
UAW-CIO
in
seeking
an industry-wide
wage
contract
|
WPreee}
the maximum
is to achieve
Under the present
industry.
the
industry and
and
corporations
throughout
that
our
to the
demands
lead
the
GM take
to
General
Motors
Corpora-
184¢
General
\ Qe)
an hour was
manufacturing
the auto
parts
and Lefithy
before
the
the
degree
factors,
plants
workers, a
Motors
established.
industry without
strikes
pattern
that affected
was
of effect
had on automobile
the issue
negotiations
(The
has not
strikes,
as compared to
production,
yet
been
iaihates
but that's
resolved,
arrange-
union
had
of approximately
the
throughout
in
and in
automobile
=
established.
these
But
difficulty.
great
up
As a result of the
pattern
increase
was applied
pattern
The
protracted
industry,
wage
setting
in
refused and the
no choice but to press its case separately with scompany.
of the
labor,
costly
in management
corporation
The
|
Coes
fight
industry.
the
is
contracts
to wage
approach
negotiations,
industry-wide
for
ments
forced to carry on hundreds
in presenting
proposed
union
the
the union is
community.
1945,
In August,
auto
practice,
piecemeal
this
of
A continuation
the
in
relations
yal
stri
dut
ini
in l
stabi
of
in plants
negotiations
of separate
tion,
degree
of plants
scores
some
material
were
union
necessary
disagree as
shortages
another debate),
in
costly
instances,
production
and the
automobile
to
and other
In a
few
WPleoed
mae
General
industry-wide
pattern
throughout
the
industry
The
of
opponents
bogies
of these
is the
,
contention
become
volved would
and furthermore
that
a
that
jiations which
labor
that
the
in the
open
caimnt
they
have
The tender
in their
conditions
of human
commodity
concern
and
efforts
the
recognized
been
beings
as an article
no
ORO tht
would
a
in-
the union
tos
Noe
foster
and
encour—
exemption of
er
Labor
a monopoly.
be
can
people
It has long
racies
tutions;
union
represent
their families,
the real issues.
the Federal’ law; expose# the fallacy of the
their working
to bint
set
agreements
ee
)
labor unions from ene
argument
to the
agreements
such
oe
under
that
:
a labor
of bnconvenience
in order to evade
age monopolistic practices by the industry itself.
tp,
effect
and industry-wide
CB eh
a monopoly
into
and put
set
and the nation.
straw men at which they can tilt
up various
a ected
with
bargaining
industry-wide
been
have
could
the communities
the managements,
workers,
One
the
for
our proposal
accepted
industry
of the
rest
and the
negotiations,
time
same
at the
Motors
is not
to
of spokesmen
sell,
standard
of living
in the United
a commodity
They
for the
cannot
auto
and
to be bought
become
industry
economically,
of cheaselves
States
are
assoc-
voluntary
to better themselves
Labor unions
of trade.
are
unions
not
in all
and
business
and
democ-
sold
insti-
monopolies,
about
the
possibility
WPreeel
senektaas: ; in wwe Industry
of oe
extremely
his
company
auto manufacturing
of his
What
these
possible
tives do not tolerate
an
and
there
representatives
oane
The
in the
as
campaign
of these
introduction
laws
on the
free
sentences
they
speech
opponents
of a bill
statute
ieee
prison
because
condemning
under any kind
practices
as a SI
serving
now
agreements
industry-wide
is the
ave already
into
honest
offer
berceee
books
iblh
can
readily
opportunities
it
offers
of industry-wide
Congress
to the
designed
agreements might
size
make
expense
the
at
:
representa
management
industry-wide
of agreement,
to protect
officials
on
expound
Kaiser
production.
industry
and the
and
officers
union
collusive
practices,
those
against
Honest
public,
general
of the
the union
practices. between
scheduled
to
be
it might
Henry Je
iia oy—vide
really mean is that
opponents
collusive
originally
and its
unable
tion
s
opor
prt
r
in
pa
and
materials
certain
in getting
difficulties
public
to the American
interesting
Mr.
to hear
of manu-
number
been
fact,
In
competition.
On
veri wasles
great
have
or who
industry
open
and
of free
on a basis
it
into
break
the
of
reaction
the
of the
been forced out
have
who
facturers
hearing
appreciate
would
one
score,
that
be: thadeanl Very
Cannot
the public
and management
testify.
condem
To
for collusive
opportunity for
bargaining
to restrict
has
practices
libel.
resulted
labor
contracts
WPreeel
companies,
to single
of
repressive
anti-labor
of industrial disputes
causes
root
the
at
getting
or localities.
of all
failing
the
has
Ball
Senator
corporations
Instead
legislation.
his
them,
removing
and
by
proposed
legislation
The
se
bill
to
seeks
atic
cry
r
emo
unda
d r
t
an
arbi
impose
As long
rights,
of workers!
suffer
ment.
only
it will
aggravate
issue
The whole
Shall labor
intensify
tice
over
of the
its
competitors
conditions,
labor
trial
proposition
They
relations
that
one
by paying
will
and management
that
company
grows
derive
out
of
paying workers
the
Nor will
free
through
benefit
that
from the maximum
industry-wide
simply
that
few
fair—
of equal
skill,
jus=
deny the
moral
an
economic
advantage
and providing
wages
is
they
gain
not
should
substandard
acknowledge
will
pay.
to me
seems
It
Sintiad of
equal
efficiency
and productive
solve
bargaining
industry-wide
of competition?
out
be taken
to
seek
basise
over
controversy
in the
ia
en
en
éc
e
th
ny
de
ll
wi
le
op
pe
minded
ability
s
problemwe
the
on an industrypwide
bargaining
collective
this:
and
will
if paanee,
Ball's bill,
Senator
contrary,
on the
solve no problem;
they
improve—
economic
their
and
rights
’hete
for
fight
ll
wi,
es
cey
injustith
workers are
as American
as
and as long
free
exercise
free
on the
restraints
the
degree
nation,
substandard
the
community,
of stability
bargaining
working
in indus-
and industry-wide
WPLlee 0S
- agreements.
bare
wid
ryust
ind
se
oppo
who
e
thos
that
CIO
It is our thesis in the UAWoffer
gaining
with the
to chisel
tage
spurious
real issue.
reasons
to camouflage
They wish
to reserve
on wages and working
in their
fundamental
disagreement
for individual managements
and gain thereby a
ogee |
the
competitive
advan-
industry.
The UAW-CIO
that philosophy
to achieve
in the
principle
to that kind
is opposed
is against
on the
conditions
their
being manufactured
equal
or the
and
social
thinking.
‘It
that we are fighting as we carry on our campaign
automobile
of
of economic
an
industry
pay for equal
geographic
wage
aa
work
location
HARE
without
regard
the
plant.
of
agreement
to the
based
products
rlhield
To the Workers
in American Seating
Company:
Greetings:
If urgent union business did not
demand
that I be elsewhere,
I would be with
you tonight to urge personally that you cast your ballots unanimously on
|
for the United Furniture Workers ~ CIO,
It is just ten years
ago that
that your fellow workers
in the auto plants
the nation achieved a great victory under the banner of the CIO.
of
When the
_ General Motors corporation settled the sitdown strike in its plants on February 11,
the workers
in our
with
a contract
and agreed to negotiate
1937,
industry knew they had achieved
only a matter of time until the entire industry,
in the
country,
the most stubbornly
have
fallen
and able leadership
brought tnionism to
to make
Michigan
more
spirit that
the CIO brought
of effort by the craft
state's
in the
dent
a small
organizations
aime
will
basic
tradition,
for the CIC you will be voting to carry on this militant
principles
upon which the
political
front,
fronts
employs:
but which also
for all the
the
things labor needs to
is more
of America
ry
per
Pie
4
‘oe
ide
26UsT
for the CIO
on the
its energy to fight on the social
important
q
qj
aw ty
and
live.decently.
for a labor organization that
Your vote for the CLO Will be a vote
_ the national welfare
Your vote
been built,
fights with full strength
unionism which
be a vote for democratic
economic
CIO has
had
front.
as well as the devotion to the interests of the rank and file membership,
two
the
Organization of the auto industry, particularly,
where years
than
which
since were achieved under
and in the fresh, youthful
to the American labor movement.
In voting
open shop
into line.
Our victory then and the victories we have won
been unable
It was
victory.
the other open shop and mass production tadeatotiin
resisted organization for decades,
militant
a decisive
was organized,
One after another,
had
Automobile Workers,
the United
hes
o
wektorp
believes _
of any one
it if 62% GO
LP Is
that is pledged to ohh ‘full ahetann
group - i
=2 labor ‘ob gehititbon
ment and
security blessed by liberty -- in short
fair eaplays
to build a democratic America which | :
borreresy
anes
“rT ae spy Ute TepoR ueege fo Trse-qeoeueT*
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ake
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of
State
testified
Reuther
night.
Tuesday
said
open
is hatdtve
which
Committee,
Judiciary
House
the
before
people
of the
velfare
president,
UAW-CIO
Reuther,
P,
Walter
and
un-American,
and
and
security
the
‘safeguarding
of
purpose
stated
its
in
fails
of the
legislation
"class
is
sure,
legisla~
Michigan
the
before
pending
unconstitutional
is
it
worst;
its
at
:
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Tuesday, May 20, 1947
bill,.
Callahan
20 - The
May
Mich.,
Lansing,
it
UAW~CIO
Michigan
: Public Relations Department,
411 W, Milwaukee, Detroit 2,
Trinity 1-6600
|
From
hearings on the Callahan bill.
in
provements
enact
| _<o
act
on these
of
the
peonle,"
organizations
zroup of
right
the
concerning
tion
over
dominated
a
other
the
union's
membership
United
To
these
the
by
with
and
must
which
Attorney
General
and
told
to
parent
Reuther
Secretary
filed
authority
provide
‘until
to
deprive
for
the
a group
body..ewho
are
court
officers
to
the
is
of
bargaining
receiver
a
labor
against
unions
of
informa~
registration.
action
labor
is
State
detailed
of
their
appointment
loyal
of
Secretary
upon
said
of
of a vaguely defined
types
bring
welfare
said,
The
by them
con—_
legislature
and
security
of State
the
committee.
the
the
of
failure
law
wage
seriously
being
the
to
today
regulations
be
The
agencies',
agencies!'to
activities
by the
the
as 'foreign
by rules
groups
and
Reuther
things,"
two
do
to
described
privileges'
funds
practices,"
threat
serious
registration
such 'foreign
or installed
States
proposes
prescribe
to
gives
It
"2.
unions
for
To provide
"1,
ziven
bill
Callahan
"The
minimum
things,
of these
any
the most
is
matters
do
will
legislature
the
by
a state
bill nor any of the other legislation
"Neither the Callahan
cidered
of
minorities
to
a guarantee
and
employment
fair
program,
housing
acequate
an
Michigan
to give
measures
taxation,
equitable
for
provide
compensation,
workmen's
and
unemployment
im
enact
legislature
the
that
require
people'
the
of
welfare
and
"The 'security
elected
Government
to
by
take
the
of the
and the State of Michigan.'"
support
his
charge
of
‘class! legislation,
Reuther
pointed
out
that labor
unions
release...5/20/h7
oress
"If
like
"I would
that
of
text
the
from
of
of
Meanwhile,
of war.
Farben
Great
Britain,
upon
Germany
denendent
situation
a desperate
in
was
Britain
Jreat
to
magnesium
to
at
to
the
rest
a result,
the
as
for war
within
except
and
As
magnesium.
production
own magnesium
its
expanded
its
for
Europe,
Britain
Great
Thus,
respect
with
of magnesium
to
States
United
the
from
Company
Farben, Aluminum
production
restricted
greatly
exports
amounts
between
arrangement
a cartel
the war.!
during
status"
Times:
York
New
the
of
4 issue
May
I quote
1.G.Farbenindustrie,
to government
be promoted
to
prohibited
in the
Nuremburg,
in
prosecutor
Crimes
the
of
officials
24
Michigan’?
of Midland,
Var
States
be applied
the bill will
terms of
the
power?
a foreign
of
interest
conjunce-
in
act
which
be
will
bill
this
of
terms
the
the
as
groups
fascist
Michigan
Company
reported
as
Company
completely
became
Europe
United
against
Chemical
in negligible
and
Germany
the
"considered
and
States
United
the
3,
of magnesium,
case
sieht Dow
America
Chemical
indictment
was
"t?.G.Farben
"In the
Dow
indictment
an
filed
Germany,
the
on May
month,
this
"Just
as
asked.
in the
countries
to ask specifically whether
corporations
such
against
he
of
State
the
in
other
in
corporations
similar
with
tion
corporations
against
29plied
native
further whether
committee
operating
such
Klan?"
Ku Klux
the
and
ask the
to
like
"T would
require
Tolerance
for
Council
fichigan
of
registration
organizations,
un-American
truly
of
registration
the
for
provide
legislature
the
doesn't
why
to
are
we
terms.
its
under
coming
bill as
in the
named
specifically
organizations
only
the
are
en
outbreak
rapidly
as possible,'!
same
"The
pany
of
indictments
of New Jersey
DuPont
restricting
"Does
the
legislature
and
registration
to
with
apply
vhose
d
describein
action
against
of
this
Tetrazene
intend
respect
corporations
shall
"Section
sale
to the
indictment?"
the
bill,
which
a labor
union
to
6 of
of
the
appointment
of
receivers
in Michigan
Reuther
gives
deprive
the
it
of
who
Bill
Callahan
terms
operating
Com-
Oil
a subsidiary
ammunition,
primed
the
that
Standard
and with
rubber
scientific
of
production
restricting
with
similar arrangements
to
refer
also
engage
and
in
with
seizure
respect
of funds
such
practices
to
as
asked,
Attorney
General
‘bargaining
the
rights
right
and
to
other
bring
court
privileges,
releases ..5/20/k7
press
is
Act
‘ions
bargaining
its
is
er
States
Constitution.
leaves
to
Attorney
General
the
whether
existence
at
the
time.
during
his
receivership.
union
elected
alty'
a group
"Yet
in
"ITf
there
official,
religion
"It
Inited
1943
high
Cross,
is
is
the
of
can
apparent
State
the
YMCA,
to
YWCA
star
fixed
or petty,
direct
all
the
one-
by officials
controlled
was
the
of
for
be made
in
is
one
if
activities
could
provision
constitutes
own
at his
'loy~
An appointed
cf Michigan,
State
determine
to
to what
as
bill
the
and
pointed
Court
in cur
prescribe
discretion
whether
or
out:
constitutional Gondteblation,
be
shail
what
orthcedox
in
no
it is that
nationalism,
politics,
of opinion.!
purpose
actual
require
and
a strike
‘loyal’.
are
U.S.Supreme
any
But
authority
officials
the
to
by this
States
United
of the
or other matters
States,
Secretary
Red
of union
provided
is
sweeping
with
left
is
definition
Government
to the
official
not
legislative
off
receivership
to
prior
which
call
to
to
members,
its
for
contracts
negotiate
receiv-
the
that
the
procedure,
a democratic
under
"No
organization
an
of
rule
man
means
undemocratic
more
No
This
empowered
is
he
short,
In
of Michigan.
or whether
a strike
be
shall
there
determine
‘who
to
unicn,
the
operate
to
power
State
and the
States
the United
union
to
loyal
are
the
of
charge
rights
its
all
of
a union
deprive
to
authority
the
at
court
by the
appointed
a receiver
placed in
are
officials
until
the
given
is
United
it
of
government
the
to
the’
of
clause
protection
equal
the
violate
would
it
and
because
privileges
and
law
property
privete
of
taking
the
involve
would
it
addition,
un-American
the
of
request
of
amendment
fourteenth
"It
In
process
due
without
rights.
of
deprived
be
to
agent
bargaining
certified
a duly
permit
it would
that
in
Rela~
Labor
National
the
with
conflict
in
is
it
because
unconstitutional
is
said.
he
un-American,"
and
unconstitutional
"Tt
eo
many
of
effect
this
of
registration
other
bill
the
to
strike
registration
by all
religious
at
and
sorts
the
Communist
provision
of
fraternal
is
to
organizations,
Party
allow
such
organizations.
of
the
the
as
the
press
release.,.5/20/h7
"The
the
legislature
welfare
of
the
and
concept
mat
guarantee
ve
that
don't
group
of
which
many
disunity
of
provide
unemployed
and
security
insecurity
friction
mur
and
through
aged
provide
safeguard
alone
and
which
no
the
the
has
the
people
of our
which
democracy,
adequate
our
of Michigan
of
drives
remove
medical
care
for
cof their
opportunity
decent
and
healthful
security through
deprive
to
citizens
that
our
own
housing
reckless,
of
their
to
It
to
their
for
our
work
last
democratic
strike
which
at
breeds
social
years
in
and
ue cnaiees
of
the
decency
to
those
and
that
dignity
children,
directed
constitutional
and
measures
injuries,
their
for
roots
alien
compensate
because
job
unrest
philosophies
that
citizens
and
constructive
help
through
population,
irresponsible
tititit
can
totalitarian
insecurity
unable
out
a positive,
an insecurity
whole
or
live
state,
feel,
people
must
to do
this
people
We
fault
power
at
rights."
one
letter
_day
Rep.
House
‘House
Howard
Carroll,
Judiciary
Committee
of Representatives
The State House
Lansing, Mich.
Circumstances
night
Chairman
—
beyond
te testify
my
before
control
your
made
it
committee
impeasibis
in
hearings
for me
to
on
Callahan
the
be
in Lansing
bill.
Tone
I would
like
te file the following statement with’ the-~comaittee;
Tt
it
the
is
is my
opinion
unconstitutional
security
and
welfare
that
and
of
the
Callahan
dakinelaasl
the
people
and
of
it
the
Bill
fails
State
is
class
in
of
its
legislation
stated
sures se
Michigan. ™
at
its
worst;
of “safeguarding
n
‘rom
: Public
Relations
Department,
UAW-C1O
ioe:
Pees
unemployment
in
provements
sy rats
ba see
ithe? HPs
BAS
to
the
by
sidered
on these
act
Callahan
bill
nor
legislature
will
do
the
matters
is
people,"
Lo
"The Callahan
"lL,
To
ziven
tion
right
the
concerning
unions
dominated
rights
and
over the
other
union's
membership
the
groups
funds
and
security
to the
today
SE
Gt wir ws kgs
con
legislature
the
of
failure
aS aR
seriously
being
legislation
welfare
and
e.
the
of
‘nek
be
filed by
ae
agencies''to
to
activities
by the parent
provide
‘until
them
for
Secretary
upon
said
court
are
unions
of
of officers
loyal
to the
defined
is
of State
registration,
action
labor
vaguely
detailed informa~
of
their
the appointment
a group
of a
types
bring
deprive
body...who
and the State of Michigan.'"
to
State
The
the
regulations
General
and
Secretary
‘foreign <ietiten!
as
what
Attorney
privileges!
with
by rules ~and
by such 'foreign
or installed
“aited States
described
prescribe
these
gives
It
"2,
to
te
practicesg™
The
law
wage
minimum
a state
program,
to do two things
for registration
zroup of organizations
hatte
neh
i g-<ped thd
billfroposes
provide
Mn
; Hee
casi
of the
on thn mee rag hon Nghe as Sn
threat
serious
the most
i
things,
of these
any
Seis:
other
the
of
any
i
r
of fair employment
and a guarantee to minorities
"Neither
x eh
housing
acequate
an
Michigan
to give
measures
enact
Re Assite 5 ae iS Lae ee
Naat. Poe
f
taxation,
equitable
for
Begun ee
eR ahs
and workmen! s Ce
im
enact
legislature
the
that
require
people!
the
of
welfare
and
Bric tsccurity
against
of
bargaining
a receiver
is elected
Government
labor
to
take
by the
of the
release...5/20/h7
press
mame
;
‘
are
to
why
doesn't
the
legislature
Council
‘ichigan
like
"I would
and
of America
the
of
upon
dependent
situation
Europe,
to magnesium
respect
and
Britain
As
for its. magnesium.
Germany
with
Great
Thus,
Britain.
Great
war,'
Company
of magnesium
to
Times:
York
Aluminum
Farben,
States
United
the
from
exports
I quote
during the
status"
production
restricted
greatly
to
between
arrangement
in Nuremburg,
New
the
of
to government
be promoted
a cartel
a desperate
in
Meanwhile,
of war.
to
Michigan?
1.G.Farbenindustrie,
4 issue
May
in the
be applied
will
prosecutor
Crimes
the
of
officials
24
of the bill
power?
a foreign
of
interest
conjunc-
in
act
be
will
bill
this
which
of Midland,
War
States
reported
as
amounts
completely
was
Britain
Great
United
prohibited
and
became
Europe
the
Company
Chemical
in negligible
and
Germany
Dow
States
United
3,
of magnesium,
case
"In the
Chemical Company
"considered
was
"17 .G.Farben
Dow
of
terms
the
the terms
whether
the
indictment
that
of
text
the
from
asked.
in the
countries
other
against
indictment
an
filed
Germany,
as
he
the
as
groups
fascist
of Michigan
State
the
in
specifically
on May
month,
this
"Just
ask
to
corporations
such
against
in
corporations
similar
tion with
native
further whether
committee
operating
such
Klan?"
Klux
Ku
the
and
the
corporations
against
wplied
ask
to
like
"IT would
Tolerance
for
of
registration
require
organizations,
un-American
truly
of
registration
the
for
provide
we
"If
at
within
except
to
the
rest
a result,
the
outbreak
expanded its own magnesium production for war as rapidly
Farben
as possible,!
same
"The
New Jersey
pany of
of DuPont
the
to
shall
apply
those
described
"Section
against
sale
legislature
and
registration
also
with
of Tetrazene
intend
respect
corporations
in
this
operating
rubber
and
Standard
Com-
O11
a subsidiary
with
ammunition,
Callahan
terms
of
the
appointment
of
receivers
the
with
arrangements
eeiedtific
of
primed
that
to the
in Michigan
who
engage
ana
Bill
with
seizure
respect
of funds
such
in practices
to
as
indictment?"
the
bill,
which
a labor
union
to
6 of
Similar
vated “ts
production
restricting
restricting
"Does
action
indictments
gives
deprive
the
it
of
Attorney
General
‘bargaining
the
rights
right
and
to
other
bring
court
privileges,
press
release...5/20/1,7
sion
is
unconstitutional
and
un-American,"
"It is unconstitutional
tions
its
Act
in
bargaining
without
due
"It
rights.
the
Attorney
privileges until
government
er is
of
given
the
the
whether
existence
at the
man
during
rule
lected
of
an
under
"No
it
General
the
to
are
shall
time.
be
legislative
equal
to
the
a receiver
State
is
to
of
a union
of Michigan,
This
of
to
to
Labor
be
privete
of all its
means
for
a strike
to direct
all
the
receivership
was
aot
could
"Yet
in
"'If
there
religion
"It
Jnited
of union
1943
is
high
the
States,
Secretary
Cross,
is
provid
by ed
this
of
YMCA,
fixed
can
matters
apparent
State
the
to
YWCA
are
U.9; Supreme
any
But
authority
officials
or potty.
or ether
is
sweeping
the
to
receive
if one
is
of
for
to
in
the
one-
by officials
bill as
to what
constitutes
aocbinine
at his
'loy-
An appointed
own discretion
whether
or
‘loyal’.
Court
pointed out;
star in our
prescribe
constitutional
what
shail
be
constellation,
orthodox
it is that
in politics,
no
nationalism,
of opinion,'
purpose
actual
require
and
the
members,
be made
controlled
the
procedure,
definition
left with
a group
official,
Red
is
the
activities
alty' to the Government of the United States and the State of Michigan,
official
at
loyal to
its
off
the
rights
that
call
provision
of
court
are
of
property
clause
'who
Rela-
deprived
by the
to negotiate contracts
or whether
to
protection
union
undemocratic
prior
agent
the
emrowered
more
National
appointed
deprive
in charge
union,
he
which
the
leaves
placed
No
bargaining
Constitution.
authority
the
involve the taking
violate
a strike
receivership,
a democratic
would
with
States
the
In short,
organization
it
and
operate
there
his
United
States
certified
would
because
United
is in conflict
a duly
it
officials
power
determine
union
the
un-American
of
and
said.
it
addition,
law
to
because
permit
In
of
amendment
is
request
it would
process
fourteenth
and
that
he
many
of
effect
this
of the
registration
other
bill
to
strike
registration
by all sorts
religious
at
and
the
Communist
Party
of
the
provision is to allow the
of
fraternal
organizations,
organizations,
such
as
the
5/20/k7
release.»
press
|
-h-
|
"The legislature
the
welfare
of the
and
and
Sur concept
wat
provide
unemployed
guarantee
and
that
We don't
group
of
which
many
disunity
of
through
aged
provide
safeguard
alone
which
np
the
the
tadis
care
state,
feel,
that
or
live
housing
reckless,
insecurity
strike
to work
their
for
our
last
that
years
irresponsible
and
in
of
and
es
measures
decency
those
and
that
dignity
children.
directed
constitutional
for
roots
en
injuries,
and their
measures
the
unrest
compensate
because
citizens
breeds
sina
job
at
philosophies
through
population,
of their democratic
HHHHE
ean help
to totalitarian
unable
out
It
constructive
an insecurity which
our whole
own
to
to do a positive,
this
people
for
and healthful
citizens
of
remove
of their
security through
power
people
akives
opportunity
deprive
the
people
We must
medical
decent
has
of our
and which
democracy,
adequate
our
of Michigan
security
insecurity
friction
Hoe
at
rights,"
one
THE Si
pveNATIONAL CATHOLIC MAGAZINE
PUBLISHED
BY
THE
PASSIONIST
MISSIONARIES,
January
Mr.
Frank
MONASTERY
24th,
PLACE,
UNION
CITY,
1947
Winn,
International Headquarters,
411 West Milwaukee Avenue,
Detroit,
2,
Dear
Winn:
Mr.
Michigan.
your article and
been proofread.
I am sending the first page forms of both
the one by Mr. Weisenburger.
These have not yet
Ironical as it may seem, I have not been able to
get these to you sooner
Press in Philadelphia.
Mr.
Reuther.
operation,
convenience
because
of
a
slowdown
strike
at
the
Cuneo
I have mailed the check for the article to
I want you to know I avpreciate very much your co-
especially
when
to yourself,
it
was
Believe
With all
at
me,
such
I appreciate
good wishes,
Very
a great
truly
personal
in-
it very much.
I am
yours,
— Pasiep Brecbman CL?
(Rev.)
"is
David
Bulman,
Associate
C.
Editor,
P.
N
J.
RACK
M-SLIDE
65
~
peepee
A
et
yt
$AL4v DB
BER
‘compensate the worker for the full value
of his labor but ,which adds to the
Bargaining Be Abolis
profits of the conipany
and, In
the
second case, gives -ihe» Atlanta: ‘employer
an wtinfair advantawe -over <his ‘Detroit
competitors.
,
One
at
CSc
take
~
wee us
SAD CELD
sions,
etc.
ee:
Such
as well
benefit
Ax4
Avy
WN
C
C
HOO
a drill press in the AC Spark
plant in Flint ts entitled to the
wages as a person operating the
ames xee
ey ae
Ss DBO
&
SORseat
SOAS
rt 34
rS
OI
P.
President,
F
the
the
question
try-wide
be
were
Bargaining
Automobile
would
REUTEER
UAW-CIO
simple
ing exactly
“Should
be
Industry?”
indeed.
Indus-
Abolished
my
I would
in
answer
have
to reply:
industry-wide bargaining?”
“What
There isn’t any in the Automobile industry,
yet
auto
company
executives
and spokesmen for the industry’s various associations are among the loudest
opponents of such an arrangement.
I mention this to begin with because
I think it is perhaps
onihicant
that for
the most part the employers whe most
¢
C
CBD
“BVOIE
SY?
experience
with
it.
Employers
have
entered
into
industry- wide
tracts: with. the unions
in
their
seem to be quite as well. satisfied
the
Even.
many
arrangement
as
do
the
who
con-
field.
with.
unions.
in the coal mining’ industry, while
operators might like to get rid of
the union
altogether,
they
seem
to pre-
be
February,
to.
the
automobile
establish
equal
Flint.
the same
kind of work,
is that
the
plant
in
which
\ ith Congress
this question,
‘for
estab-
equal
work
out
of conipeé tition. We
can
see no moral ‘or economic justific: ation
for any conipary’s having a competitive
advantage Over -its iadiness rivals on
the basis of lower waves or inferior
working conditions. Honest and ‘healthy
be
os coinpetition
should
be
based
on the manufacture of a better product
at lower ‘pr ices through wiser manage-
ment, amore expert engineering; ‘better
techniques of ‘productiohn-even better
sales promotion. It requires nb great
business echius to cut costs ‘by arbitrarily
paying love wages. That requires merely
a genius for chisetag.
A second purpose "ad the UAW-CIO
in seckiiag ait industry-wide wage contract is to achieve the maximum degree
of stability in industrial
relations: Mn
the ‘auto industry. Under the present
practice,
the union
is forced | to carry
on
hundreds of separate
negotiations
in plants and corporations throughout
of this
A continuation
industry.
the
piecemeal approach
to wage contracts
the
industry, and
is costly to labor,
In
August
demands
poration,
1945,
in
presenting
our
to the General Motors Corthe union proposed that GM
take the lead in management in. setting up arrangements for industry-wide
negotiations. The corporation refused
and the union had no choice but to
press its case separately with each com-
pany.
As a
creasé
pattern
Gencral
result
Motors
of
of
the
workers,
fight
of
wage
a
the
auto-
mobile manufacturing
ereat
in
the
difficulty.
auto
negotiations
But
parts
and,
in-
1814
throughout
applied
was
tern
the
approximately
pat-
cents ai hour was éstablished. The
the
former works produces parts, while the
suick plant produces the finished automobile.
~
In the case of the Atlanta worker,
is that
rationalization
industry's
the
because
he should bé paid less money
the general wage pattern in the Atlanta
area is lower than it is in Detroit and
the cost of living’ is allegedly lower in
Atlanta than in Detroit.
In both cases, what has really happened is that the employer has seized
upon any excuse at hand arbitrarily to
pay a lower wage scale that daes not
in
industry without
scores
industry,
in
of plants
icted
‘prot
instances,
some
costly and lenethy strikes that affected
production
automobile
over-all
were
necessary - before
the
pattern
was
estab-
the union
industry and
(The
lished.
differ as to the degree of effect these
strikes,
as compared to m: terial
shortages and other factors, had on automo-
bile
production, but
bate.). In
considering
it is well to know
a few
that’s another
[Continued
on
Page
de-
60}
legislation on
the considered
opinion of leaders on both sides
industry
rates
is
The industry's rationalization for paying the AC worker less than the Buick
worker
labor
‘pay
in
industry-wide ‘bargaining | is to
communtty.
cumstances a worker ii Atlanta, Georgia,
should receive he? same wage as hts
brother worker in Detroit.
ae
eccaaa
would
in
in
plant
Buick
the
required to have the same amount of
the saine ef:
with
produce
skill and
ficiency as his brother worker in Buick.
the same crtrWe believe that pen
fer to deal on an. industry-wide basis if
they have to bargain at all.
We: in. the’ o \W-CIO. consider the
achieverient of an industry- wide wage
agreement in. the autoriiobile iadlustry
eur most important economic objective.
The: purpose’ of inidustry- wide
bar-
gaining
in
Plug
same
same
AC worker does not receive the
he is dowage now, even peas
The
same
x
“rt
WALTER
OC
NOCr
in which
the communities
the industry operates, and the: nation
as a whole.
We believe that a person operating
vigorously oppose industry-wide bargaining are those who. have never had any
0
~
is justified on moral,
purpose
as economic grounds. It would
not only the workers but also
the industry,
machine
Avy
Ss A)*
provi-
overtime
pay,
call-in
pay,
tion
ATEN
roe
regard
without
work
for equal
pay
to the products manufactured or the
eeographical location of the plant. ‘The
same principle would apply to contract
provisions covering other economic. issues, such as night shift premium, vaca-
the UAW-CIO
equal
through
R
E
H
T
U
E
R
R
By WALTE
fu
aim of
lishing
ro
OA
€
~
5
esa
> RUCNR
Nc
= comogasy sone
aK
RS
Acme
of
Cl
1947
THE
SIGN--FEBRUARY,
1947-~-DEAD
SLUG
oe
RACK
M-SLIDE
61
y
Hy
cy
ee
by
|
/
Sater
Mary
é
HEARTH
A
IS
THERE
Bda.
Rae
2
Ge
Cy
be
There is a hearth where great good hearts
Make merry all together,
7
Vs
| sue
Where every guest that happens in
| aM
And never mind a ticking clock
Or ever mind the weather.
Is claimed as each one’s brother;
To share the self-same company
!
| gee
1 ks
:
And love the self-same Mother.
Be
| $28
1 sae
i
Our Father keeps the fire bright.
It glows on happy faces,
While Mother hustles in and out
a
ee
!
Fe
: Be
Ha
.
| ee
ae
and
South,
from
East
All reads that come are narrow.
Cur
Father
has such
anxious
He numbers every sparrow.
and
West
eyes
NIC
North
a
ae
i
From
OSLO OST
ee
Forever saving places.
4
1
cs
ee
io’
He watches all the livelong night,
she prays against the weather.
They will not rest till all good hearts
Are safely Home together.
2,
Liteae
oe
democracies
try
to
with
the
a
minimtim
workers,
communities,
thie
and
the
of
inconvenience
managements,
the
nation.
The opponents of industry-wide bargaining and incrustry-wide agreements
setup
various
st raw
men
at which
they
can tilt in order. to evade the real issues.
One of these
bogies
is the contention
that under su ch agreements the union
Involved wou'id become a monopoly and
furthermore “chat these agreements would
loster
{ices
and
by
e
the
ncourage
monopolistic
industry
itself.
In
prac-
their
spe-
cific exem ption of labor unions from
their pro visions, the Federal anti-trust
laws expr se the fallacy of the argument
that
a le jjor
Labor
which
union
can
be
a monopoly.
t qnions are voluntary associations
represent people in their efforts
to bet sey themselves economically, to improve | their working conditions and the
stance {ard of living of themselves and
thei r families. It has long been recog-
NiZ
éd in the- United
TH g¢ SjGN=FEBRUARY,
States
1947—DEAD
and
SLUG
in
all
of ghéfnan
not a commodity tga bought
in the open ypefket aS an ar
trade. Labgf unions azr.¢ 10
institutgens; they have no ¢ OV
modity
to
monopoly
Thg@tender
They
cannot
becon,©
LO
es
concern of spokesmenOr bb. 3
!
x,
the fauto industry, for exampleg@tbout
the possibility of monopolistig*practices
in an industry in which.
produce $0 percent of
the f companies
the cars cannot
be taken very seriously. On that score,
one would appreciate hearing the reaction of the great number of manulac-
turers who have been forced out of the
industry or who have been unable to
break into it on a basis of free and open
Bay
te
es
oy
gy.
t
In fact, it might be excompetition.
American
to the
interesting
tremely
public to hear Mr. Henry J. Kaiser expound on his difficulties in getting certain materials and parts in proportion
to the size of his auto manufacturing
and its originally scheduled
company
- prod uction.
What these opponents really mean ts
might
agreements
industry-wide
that
make possible collusive practices between the union and the industry at
the expense of the general public. Honest union officers and honest management representatives do not tolerate
ES!
Had General Motors and the rest of
the industry accepted, our proposal for
industry-wide negottatioiis, the pattern
could have been set and put into effect
at the same time tl rroughout the indus-
labor
ys
plants the issue has not yet been resolved.
the
ite
HT
41)
pie
CK
TT SS
2
2
BESEDO
SohneanateTERR
SS
er STA
OS
E
S
L
E
R
SthCRYO GSO EE
BS
from. page
that
Ba
ATs
(Continued
beings is
and sold
ticle of
business
a
gs
o?
BARGAINING—-Reuther
eee
«
RACK
M-SLIDE
55_
The whole issue in the controversy
over industry-wide bargaining: is simply
this: shall labor be taken oust of com-
managements , the
chisel
to
right
on
wages and working conditions and gain
thereby a competitive actvanitage in their
industry.
The UAW-CIO
is opposed
kind of economic ard social
it is against that ‘philosophy
are fighting as we Carry on our
to achieve in the automobile
an industry-wide agreement
the principle of equal pay
work
without
regard
being manufactured or
location of the plant.
February,
1947
«a
to
the
the
¥*
to
that
thinking.
that we
campaign
industry
based on
for equal
products
geographic
cash—zcheck—money
order
to Dept.
S
MELWYNNE
77
Park
Ave.
New
York
below.
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Worthy bovs ungble to pay bourd and tuition will
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TH commen 11 (7 a emma (A) Semen 9 1
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SIGN—FEBRUARY,
1947—DEAD
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THE
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will derive from the maximum degree
of stability in industrial relations that
erows out of industry-wide bargaining
and industry-wide agreements.
It is our thesis in the UAW-CLO that
industry-wide —barthose who oppose
gaining offers spurious reasons to camouflaze disagreement with the real issue.
wish to reserve for individual
They
with
f
ger
Qe een
“mer
management
and
labor,
brown
e FOR FRIENDS
COMBINATION JIGGER-SPOON
tice of the proposition that one ccoMpany should mot gain an economic acl
Vantage over its competitors by paying
substardard wages and providing substandard working conditions. ‘They will
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community,
red,
non-inflammable
gram or name in gold or silver .. . packed
in gift containers....... 12—$1.75 or $3.00 for 24
petition? It seems to me that few fair
minded people will deny the economic
justice of paying workers of equal skill,
ability, and productive efficiency equal
pay. Nor will they deny the morat Jus-
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no problem; on the contrary, it will
only aggravate and intensity the problenas we seek to solve through free collective bargaining on an industry-wide
lnasis.
U.
note—not ‘by
or triek
ear’:
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|
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workers’ rights. As long as American
workers are free and as long as they
suffer injustices, they will fight for their
rights and their economic improvement.
sory
razor
acces-
to
what
told
Picture
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exercises.
: these
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is so thorMethod
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or trick
and
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Caisputes
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his
MUSIC §
Teacher
ff chee
sentatives now serving prison sentences
can readily testify. ‘To condemn industry-wide agreements because they offer
opportunities for collusive practices is
the same as condemning free speech because it offers opportunity for libel.
The campaign of these opponents of
industry-wide bargaining has resulted in
the introduction of a bill into Congress
designed to restrict labor contracts to
single Companies, corporations, or loby
calities. The legislation proposed
Senator Ball has the failing of all repressive antilabor legislation. Instead of
getting at the root causes of industrial
.
pF
| monet fy aerate
statute
books
to protect
the
public
against those practices, as a few former
union officials and management repre-
Be Your O wr
oF eNO
i
any kind of
or otherwise.
laws on_ the
collusive practices under
agreement, industry-wide
And there are already
4
f iainian
CE
say
os
E?
SSP
OSEIOSOO
ChS
Cre
Fee
OSTOCST
2
>
5
‘
aE
Serta
SLUG
Avenue
III.
CC I,
RACK
M-SLIDE
96
ohould Industrywide
By
WALTER
WEISENBURGER
e
merely
gaining
change
Ing
to
a
extending
larger
collective
unit.
\bar-
There
jis
in the very nature of the result-
negotiations.
a
er’s wage
the
final
and
the
analysis,
pay
manager’s
work-
salarye
Let’s
look
at collective
bargaining
from the viewpoint of an employee. I
an
not
thinking
number
1am
in
a
thinking
of
a nameless
theoretical
of John
clock-
average
H. Brown,
plant.
who
I think of collective bargaining as a
method of determining wages, hours,
and “working conditions for a given
has a wife and two kids at home and
works as a mnilling machine operator at
cussion,
Brown
In the
group
of employees
by
consideration
a process
and
of
dis-
negotjation,
and
administration’ of
the
resultant
agreement. That process is carried on
by an employer on one side of the bargaining table and a union on the other
—a union which
is the freely chosen
representative of the employees. Some
of the union representatives are usually
workers in the plant.
Now, what is industry-wide collective
bargaining? That is.a situation where
the employer’s side of the table is occu-
pied
not
by
representative
in the whole
one
employer,
but
by
a
of all of the employers
industry.
He cannot
be
thoroughly familiar with the conditions
and circumstances of any one plant,
since he is required to know something
about all the plants in the industry. Instead of a specific knowledge of particu-
Jar facts, he must: have a general
edge of average conditions.
And
who
industry-wide
cal
union
his major
40
knowl-
represents
the
union
negotiations? Not the
representative
attention
to the
who
in
lo-
devotes
working
con-
the C. A. Whyte
Mfg.
Company.
John
has some very specific problems.
first place, he’s wondering what
are his chances of getting another
increase.
foreman.
someone
wage
Moreover, he suspects that his
showed
favoritism in giving
else the gravy jobs, He’d like
to know whether the GC. A. W hyte Mfg.
Co. is making a 50 per cent profit, as
he heard at the last union mecting. And
he'd like to know just how much chance
he stands of being made
a group
leader,
and maybe a foreman.
In other words, John Brown’s chief
interest lies in his particular job, his
foreman, his company. And he joined
his union because he believes his union
can help him about some of these problems.
But who’s worried about John Brown
when
it comes
to
indusiry-bargaining?
‘The bargaining is carried on by people
whom
John Brown doesn’t know
and
may
never
have
heard
of.
They’re
dis-
cussing industry-wide
problems.
They
may be concerned about tariffs and for-
eign
competition
ditions.
hey
and
never
nation-wide
heard
ington
(or Pittsburgh,
couldn't get together?
of
con-
John.
THE SIGN—~FEBRUARY, 1942—DEAD SLUG
get
a
is he going
to
or New York)
He remembers
the steel strike of 1945 when
hundreds of others were told
the bricks” even though there
bargaining
the
raise out of it. But
he'll
dispute
with
But
he
his employer.
knows
that
Ins
he and
to “hit
was no
local
union
oflicers understand his promlems, but he
1s rightly afraid that the international
union
president
never heand
of him.
Brown
knows
that he and
his loca}
union officers can talk things ower with
C. A. Whyte, the President of thy? Com-
pany,
and
standing;
can
but he
usually reach
knows
very
an 1,‘uder-
little a, yout
this employer negotiator who represe
the
whole
industry,
and
5 at)
in
maybe
ee
than
who,
the
have to go o1t a strike again, just because a couple of negotiators in Wash-
their
Is likely to be most successful in meeting
the needs of employers
and workers?
More important still, which type of bargaining is likely to serve the consumers
about
Brown
a
gaining at the plant level. It is far more
of collective
Wage
Sure,
in-
help John
the newspapers
negotiations,
the
¢
far, these people do not realize that
industry-wide
collective
bargaining
is
entirely different
from
collective
bar-
type
one bit.
He reads in
doesn’t
in
mm
IS
Lex : 72
iP
ORT RLS : ERS
BOA
thing too
Which
lose
‘Phat
trends
he
fears
VIET
a good
jobs.
its employees
dustry.
long-range
t €
worst. Why
can’t the local union anc
individual employer or plant manager
|
settle their problems right at home instead of passing the buck to somebody
a
thousand
In
the
miles
long
away?
run
industiy-wide
Ge.
2
oe?
bar-
8
gaining encourages more and more con-
ae
centration of union power and authority
m afew hands at the top and less and
less real autonomy in the membership
at the local level. The
United Mine
Workers. offers a shining example
otf
concentrated union power which flour-
ishes
under
There:
is.
industry-wide
also
the
bargaining.
possibility
that
acquires
whether
have
any
the right
industry
the
power
:
individual
to earn
to determine
ne
citizen
shall
a living in that
in any part of the nation.
Be
a
union will obtain a closed shop on a
national basis. Should this happen, the
hierarchy of officials in charge of that
union
5
en
3%
eye
Se
ue ao
possibility of carrying
of business, and
standards,
uniform
Sure-
ly it would be tempting fate to take any
step which would give any group such
power over individuals.
And what about the employer? Some
employers, it is true, have become so
[Continued on Page 58]
THE *f SIGN
c
better for workers in an entire industry
to bargain collectively. Aside from the
a
national
(or
international)
union
president whose interest is no one specific plant or company, but who presumably knows something about the whole
industry,
and
is concerned
prunarily
about the union’s national (or internatronal) interests and policies. National
union interests are paramount even it
some particular company is thrown out
as regional differentials,
Wy
for the employees in a plant to organize
to bargain collectively, it must be even
things
is
See
OME union spokesmen go on the
assumption that, if it is a good thing
bargaining:
One
WALTER B. WEISENBURGER,
“xecutive Vice President, NAM
in industry-wide
Brown and don’t know what. his problems are. They
get involved
in = such
Ire
Newspictures
in a specific
union
repre-
¢o
sentative
hours
‘The
¢ rt
ditions,
wages, and
plant or company.
int ariintinsle sional
Ce
M-SLIDE
LRARG rij
2
nN
2
(x4
stifle. competition in two ways:
(a) collective bargaining on an industry
-wide
basis may lead to other activities
on an
industry-wide basis equally inconsi
stent
with free competition;
(b) to the extent
He
Be
fs)
that
e1 g
industry-wide
uniform
3
wages,
panies
i
oo
out
bargaining
it drives
results in
mareinal
of business,
com-
thereby
throw-
ing workers out of jobs.
9. If we endorse collective bargaining,
ree}
we
8
pert}
must
lc
accept
the
right
of
the
em-
ptoyees to strike if good faith bargaining does not give them the kind of
@§reement
which
they
believe
they
va
Ce
=
+
5
5
‘om
.
should have. A. strike in a plant is
unfortunate but may
be justified as the
x3
price
we
must
bargaining
Hie
strike
Bik
which
dustry
we
in
is
a
pay
free
closes
as
ment
x
economy.
anc
and
ph
on
:
:
bed
LI
a
in-
is -bound
Govern-
free
lead
control
to
col-
to in-
of
indus.
industry-wide. strikes,
an industry-wide basis
from
6. Aside
bargaining
But
entire
mav
government
try and of labor.
Be
Fh
an
prevents
bargaining,
creasing
collective
intervention.
intervention
lective
free
down
intolerable
bring government
for
an
less
and
less
become
to
tends
economic problena, and assumes
a more
and
more
political
complexion.
The
rigs2e
s farther from the plant level, the
more
3 likely the negotiation -is to be b
ased
On matters of jprinciple and strategy
,
B83 Negotiations are much more likely to
es revolve
about
ideology — rather
than
es
cS
about the needs. of John H. Brown, the
milling machine Operator at the €. A.
gis
Fes.
a
Whyte Mfg. Co. Do we want to settle
our collective Joareaining problems by
political
the
put
means?
Ea
since
oF 3
og
f
‘E23
pt}
Sue
ee
oo
8
the
Moreover,
agreement
on
conditions. of
than those of one
-solace to Jolim H.
off, to know.
58
not.
resulting agreement
may actually
the C. A. Whyte Mfe. Co. out of
business,
§
1 think
is
based
the
industry
rather
company.
It is little
Brown, as he is laid
that the new agreement is
excellent fey the industry.
é
Opin jon
public
polls
have
is concerned
about
powers of national
EXCESS? ve power is
dust ywide
shown
that
the
the excessive
union leaders. That
strengthened by in-
collective
bargaining.
Puls tremendous power in the hands
2 very few. That power is subject
abuse.
States
It
has
led two
itself. The
labor
examples
leaders
of John
It
of
to
to
L.
Lewis and James Caesar Petrillo may
well make the stanchest friends ol labor
hesitate to encourage the kind of bar-
gaining
waxed
upon
powerful
which
and
8. Industry-wide
to ever
try
in
greater
fewer
these
arrogant.
bargaining
concentration
hands.
men. have
Agreement
may
of
lead
indus-
to
uni-
es
courage even
to discourage
ss
Aryl) os
3
4
form terms may help the larger,
more
efhcient units in an industry to freeze
out the small or less eficient manufacturers. Any practice which tends to en-
February,
greater concentration and
newcomers should certain-
J. Industry-wide
bargaining
offers an
extremely fertile field for those whose
Erimary interest lies, not in advancing
the people’s
standards
of living,
but
fers opportunities for widespread critical
strikes, dictatorial control, and govern-
ment intervention. Plant level collective
bargaining gets at the 2yass roots problems where they can best be handled:
industry-wide collective bargaining leads
to the rarefied atmosphere of ideological
clashes.
10. The American competitive enterprise system has been marked by diver-
sity,
freedom,
flexibility,
and
opportu-
nity for individual initiative. That is
Why it has been able to produce the
world’s highest standard of living, and
goods and serviees in great abundance.
Freedom
thodox,
tion is vital to the health of competitive
enterprise. Industry-wide bargaining introduces rigidities and encourages deadcning uniformity.
It
MISSIONARY
|
is true
that
there
are
cases
of
“in-
dustry-wide”
bargaining
which
have
worked very well over a limited period
of time and in a_ limited geographic
area. These examples do not prove the
soundness of a fundamentally dangerous
practice any more than does a specific
case of a benevolent dictatorship prove
bargaining
as an
management
side.
Let
the
yational
unions represent theif members im the
way the NAM, for example, represents
its members.
We
do
not
and
will not
bargain
collectively
for our members.
We do not issue instructions fer them
to follow. We interpret the views of in-
dustry to the public and to the gevernment; and we seek to raise management’s sights :tolever higher level of
achievement and ever higher standards
of performance.
But we
do
not
bargain
for
our
mem-
bers. We do not formulate any common
plan-of action. And we certainly do not
seek to undermine
or “fight” labor
unions. That is a, time-honored myth
assiduously cultivated by the more vocal
labor spokesmen when they need a con-
venient scapegoat.
A spokesman
for the CIO has said
that he is looking forward to the day
when the Presidents of the CIO and
AFL can sit down and bargain collec-
tively
with
appropriate
representatives
of industry for all the workers of the
United States. With all the vehemence
at my command, I say that I hope that
that day never comes. For when it does,
free collective bargaining and free com-
petitive
SIGN—FEBRUARY,
enterprise
will
1947—-DEAD
both
be
SLUG
dead.
a
Mother Superior, St. Michael's Convent
Bernharts
P.O,
:
SISTERS
OF
Young
service
143
ladies
of the
W.
Reading,
Pa.
REPARATION
eof the
CONGREGATION
desiring
poor and
OF MARY
to serve
friendless
REV. MOTHER
14th Street
God
in the
may write to
JOSEPHA,
New York 11,
N.
|°
Y.
PARISH VISITORS of MARY IMMACULATE
A Religious Community of Missionary
Trained Catechists
and
Professional
Workers. Central
Street, New York
Mission
City.
House:
NOVITIATE: MARYCREST
Monroe,
Write
Orange
for Information
West
7Ist
CONVENT
Courty,
and
328
Sisters,
Social|
New York
Free
Literature,
Trained “Caseworkers wanted for
Catholic Family & Child Welfare
Agency Expanding and Developing
its Program,
TS
GRADE
GRADE
IETS
TIE,
| - $2400 - $3180
Il - $2700 - $3360
CATHOLIC SOCIAL SERVICE
995 MARKET STREET
SAN FRANCISCO 3, CALIF.
effort to “divide
and conquer.” I want to make it clear
that I demand no more “division” on
the labor side than now exists on the
SACRED HEART
OF JESUS
Candidates interested in devoting their lives
to
teaching, nursing, or care of the destitute for
th
e
glory of the Sacred Heart in the home or fore
ign
Missions are invited to write to
vo
that dietaterships are sound.
There are some union. spokesmen who
characterize our opposition to industry-
wide
SISTERS
of the
MOST
to experiment, to try the unorto seek better wavs of produc-
1947
avoided.
in
overthrowing our system of competitive
enterprise and political freedom, It. ef-
THE
ly be
80
e
rhee
in
ep
ai c
aa gg
wR
DONT AK
¢
ter mentee
RACK
D SISTERS
The Handmaids of Mary are a congregation
of religious women under the direction of His
Eminence, the Most Reverend Archbishop of
New York. The primary purpose of the founda-
tion
is to give
young
women
of consecrating their lives to
own sanctification and for the
the Faith among their people.
port the Sisters depend on the
tributions of their friends.
The Mother House is in the
lcited area of Harlem in New
Novitiate is at Princess Bay,
All communications should be
MOTHER
19 West
MARY
124 Street
Is Our Lord calling you
the
opportunity
God, for their
propagation of |
For their sup- |
charitable con-
densely
York
Staten
popu-
City. The
|
Island.
addressed
to:
|
DOROTHY
New
|
York City
to save souls?
The Hospital Sisters of St. Francis care for God’s
sick and poor that souls may be brought to Heaven.
j
-
They also have missions in China. Candidates desirous of sharing in this work are invited to write to
REV.
St.
Francis
MOTHER
Convent
PROVINCIAL
Springfield,
Illinois
A Passionist Vocation for Girls!
Perhaps Our
Lord
is calling You
to
serve Him. The Passionist Sisters are
a Congregation of trained Social
Workers and Educators, affiliated with
the Passionist Fathers. The Novitiate
for the United States is at Mt. St.
Joseph, Bristol, R. |. For particulars
apply to the Rev. Mother Provincial,
|
I
CP,
59
60
M-SLIDE
~
~
ee
C.
ave
BOUND
Price $2.00
Parents and
Between
Children.
.
y
l
i
m
a
F
ic
ol
th
Ca
e
h
T
.
n
o
i
t
a
c
u
Young. Catholic Ed
g
n
i
t
a
l
p
m
e
t
n
o
C
or
d
e
i
r
r
a
M
é
s
o
h
T
Urgently Recommended to
It is a full,
important
most
struction
and
rights
and
in this hoty
reverent
clear,
{
matter,
suggestion
giving
as
who
of those
duties
regards the
te
a
=
al mon_p
ome
for
indeed
aims,
God
those
OS
nk
fa
mh pus os fn 0mm 08,
rs
Marriage.
standing of Ged’s_ intertion
Marriage.—A Reader.
CG.
8, N. ¥.
Place,
15, 53 Park
Copy
.
id
pa
st
po
,”
od
ho
nt
re
Pa
d
an
e
ag
ri
ar
“M
of
is $.... for....
Enclosed
Copies
P
se
ee
TN
hee
ee
*s the oldest Nursing
eee
eee
oe
e
°
j
Ce
© @
@ 0e
e¢esveev0e
THE ALEXIAN
gh
elie
BROTHERS
general
Order of Men. The Brothers conduct
.
or
po
or
h
ric
,
ds
ee
cr
d
an
s
se
as
cl
all
of
ys
bo
men and
7
eh
wLCkO
OSLO
eS
ee
Ri OO.
eS
Peme sce
e
BROTHERS'
ALEXIAN
POSTULATE
Blvd., Signal Mountain,
108 James
Tenn.
MOST HOLY TRINITY FATHERS
and
Men
to: young
| offer
Ny
EE I
eT
opnortu-
the
Boys
nity to study ior the Order. Lack of Funds
' no impediment.
lay-br ptherhood
For
Very
Sacred
Candidates for the religious
also
further
information
Father
Rev.
accepted.
to
write
Provincial,
O.S5.T.
Heart Monastery, Park Heights Avenue
Pikesville, (Baltimore-8), Maryland
and
C
ST. FRANCIS
OF
s
al
it
sp
ho
t
uc
nd
co
,
ri
ou
ss
Mi
e,
of Maryvill
of
us
ro
si
de
es
di
la
g
un
Yo
.
es
ag
an
and orph
is
th
in
g
in
ar
sh
by
st
ri
Ch
to
s
ul
so
g
in
nn
wi
d
te
vi
in
e
ar
d
an
e
om
lc
we
e
ar
,
rk
noble wo
,
or
ri
pe
Su
er
th
Mo
e
th
th
wi
e
at
$o communic
e,
ll
vi
ry
Ma
s,
ci
an
Fr
.
St
of
Sisters
.
Missouri.
Clayton,
Mo,
g,
in
rs
nu
,
ng
hi
ac
te
ir
the
in
e
ic
rv
se
ve
ti
ac
for
didates
and
in home
and
the
Immaculate
foreign
missions.
New
Street,
Write to: Rey. Mother General, Convent of
Conception,
1858,
Paterson,
N. J.
a
ry
Ma
of
y
an
mp
Co
le
tt
Li
e
th
of
s
er
st
Si
e
Th
devote
and
their livés to the care
of the sick and
dying.
Candidates
assistance
between
rfu
r
Fo
.
ed
pt
ce
ac
e
ar
e
ag
of
s
ar
ye
30
d
17 an
mCo
le
tt
Li
e
Th
to
e
it
wr
n
io
at
rm
ther info
a
an
di
In
,
re
er
Pi
n
Sa
e,
at
ti
vi
No
ry
Ma
of
pany
,
al
it
sp
Ho
ry
Ma
of
y
n
a
p
m
o
C
le
tt
or to The Li
Evergreen Park, Illinois.
ETT
ee
TTL
EE
LL
TESTO
?
R
E
T
S
I
S
A
E
M
O
C
E
B
TO
WOULD YOU LIKE
e
os
wh
,
ch
ur
Ch
e
th
in
g
un
yo
on
ti
ga
re
to entera cong
and
s
nt
le
ta
ed
ri
va
e
th
to
elf
its
s
nd
le
rk
wo
c
li
aposto
r own
he
in
e
iz
al
re
d
ul
wo
o
wh
l
gir
rn
de
mo
e
th
of
tastes
ons?
si
es
pr
ex
t
es
gh
hi
its
of
e
on
in
e
if
-l
st
ri
Ch
e
th
life
teca
to
e?
rs
nu
a
me
co
be
to
h?
ac
te
to
ke
li
u
yo
Would
or
ions?
ss
mi
n
ig
re
fo
or
me
ho
e
‘th
in
rk
wo
‘to
:
e?
iz
ch
ties ?
du
ic
st
me
do
to
lf
se
ur
yo
te
vo
de
th
re
za
Na
of
ry
Ma
like
’s
ry
Ma
St.
,
S.
D.
r.
So
a,
li
ti
Ot
M.
er
th
Mo
Write to
sWi
e,
ke
au
lw
Mi
,
et
re
St
er
nt
Ce
st
We
16
Convent, 35
consin,
58
who
receives
of the Sisters of the
postulants
Divine
into
Savior.
the
Congregation
n
o
i
t
p
m
u
s
s
A
e
th
of
s
r
e
t
s
i
The Little S
are
o
t
s
e
v
i
r
l
i
e
h
t
e
t
o
v
e
d
o
S
h
R
w
HOME MISSIONE
g
n
i
s
i
c
r
e
x
h
e
g
u
o
r
h
t
t
s
i
r
h
C
y
to
l
gaining the fami
rcy in the
the
homes
spi rdual
of the Sick Poor.
Young lady, yes, YOU
you
not
like
to follow
works
of
me
who read this notice, would
such
a Christ-like
mission?
er
th
Mo
nd
re
ve
Re
to
y
pl
ap
n
io
at
For further inform
rk 3, N. Y.
Yo
w
Ne
,
et
re
St
th
15
st
Ea
6
24
Vicar,
a.
il
Ph
,
e.
Av
n
ko
ic
ah
ss
Wi
11
66
e,
at
ti
Novi
The
19,
Penn.
Religious Hospitalers
of St. Joseph
conduct the St. Bernard's and the St. George's
ines
di
La
g
un
Yo
is.
ino
Ill
o,
ag
ic
Ch
Hospitals,
terested in devoting their lives in Religion to
er
th
Mo
v.
Re
s,
es
dr
ad
k,
sic
the
of
re
ca
the
Avenue, Chicago,
6337 Harvard
a
:
Illinois.
OF RELIEF
SERVANTS
THE
FOR INCURABLE CANCER
DOMINICAN SISTERS,
CONGREGATION OF ST. ROSE OF LIMA
the
to
es
liv
ir
the
te
vo
de
to
ng
ri
si
de
n
me
wo
g
un
Yo
service
estly invited
at ROSARY
~
me
so
7e
<1
re
He
.
us
io
ic
sp
looks most su
te
ni
fi
de
e»
th
to
me
ad
le
at
th
of the points
nai
rg
ba
e
id
-w
ry
st
du
in
at
th
conclusion
of Christ’s
afflicted
poor
are
earn-
to write to Reverend Mother Superior
N. Y.
HILL HOME, HAWTHORNE,
SIGN—FEBRUARY,
1947—DEAD
W eisenburger
gee
Fe
necds>
labo
adage about fitting square pegs hh ito BF
square holes and round pegs into row id
"
1,
as
ons
ati
rel
or
lab
in
e
tru
ds
hol
es
hol
other human activities. If it does no\
meet
ployers
the
at
needs
of
will
not
bargaining
the
and
employees
level,
local
result
in
354
em-
collective
oa
industrial
at
wh
is
e
ac
pe
al
ri
st
du
in
d
An
peace.
.
nd
ma
de
y
tr
un
co
is
th
of
le
op
pe
e
th
2. If collective bargaining agreements
are not negotiated at the plant fevel,
the people in the plants cannot fully
dil
ve
ha
ll
wi
ey
Th
,
em
th
nd
understa
ficulty in administering negotiated agreements. A badly worded agreement that
a
an
th
er
tt
be
s
.i
od
to
rs
de
un
y
ll
fu
is
nma
d
an
r
bo
la
h
ic
wh
t
en
em
re
ag
model
rde
un
ot
nn
ca
l
ve
le
t
an
pl
e
th
at
agement
ly
on
n
ca
g
in
nd
ta
rs
de
un
of
ck
La
stand.
lead to industrial strife.
3. If labor and management at the
plant level have negotiated an agreest
be
ry
ve
r
ei
th
do
th
bo
ll
wi
ey
ment, th
an
ve
ha
ey
th
if
t
Bu
.
rk
wo
it
ke
to ma
agreement thrust upon them by national
w
e
N
n
or
o
t
g
n
i
h
s
a
W
m
o
r
s
f
r
o
t
a
i
t
o
neg
s
r
:
their
natural
find fault with
it and
reaction
will
declare
be
SLUG
|
“
|
aes
BER
to
that some-
“|
-
J
233
.
ed
in
am
ex
ad
he
s
hi
ve
ha
to
t
gh
ou
body
y
tr
to
nt
me
ce
du
in
le
tt
li
be
ll
There wi
to make it work.
e
ak
st
us
do
en
em
tr
a
s
ha
ic
bl
pu
e
Th
4.
iet
mp
co
e
iv
ct
fe
ef
of
e
nc
na
te
in
in the ma
tion.
Industry-wide
bargaining
tends
to
THE ff SIGN
THE
:
eR
gro\ ap ot
of a particular
problems
York,
TT
religious
he: BR
rde
un
he
es
do
r
o
N
.
ms
le
ob
different pr
a
th
wi
d
ce
fa
be
ld
ou
sh
he
stand why
n
e
e
w
t
e
b
e
ut
sp
di
no
is
e
er
th
n
strike whe
him and his employees.
e
th
of
t
n
y
o
p
w
e
i
v
e
th
om
But it. is fr
g
in
in
ga
ar
b
e
id
-w
ry
st
du
in
at
th
public
satisfactory
The Franciscan Missionary Sisters of the Immacunca
in
tra
d
Go
of
er
th
Mo
the
of
on
ti
ep
nc
Co
e
lat
and
ui
%&
He
why
understand
not
does
e
“S
ge
na
j
ma
ar
ul
ic
rt
pa
a_
and
employees
os
d
an
le
ab
st
es
ot
om
pr
it
;
er
tt
be
e
th
“si
mentPe,
old aR
The
relationis.
r
HAVE YOU A DARING 4
MISSIONARY SPIRIT 6
social werk,
a
ns
io
at
ti
go
ne
in
ed
lv
vo
in
e
m
o
c
e
b
should
ly
re
ti
en
g
n
i
v
a
h
s
e
i
n
a
p
m
o
c
other
with
and
NOVITIATE
Box 360, Rt. 1, ''Glennondale,'’
corporal
fa
‘of
eo
and
better a labor agreement meets the
eneeneeeeeeee
SISTERS
industry
in- 2
1. Practical experience shows t vat the
special hospitals for
BROTHERS
Post Office Box
the
not
is
e:
ar
Uf
.
we
ic
bl
pu
e
th
to
at
re
th
a
is
g
in
the
of
es
ti
vi
ti
ac
s
ou
ri
va
the
ng
bi
ri
sc
de
t
le
ok
bo
d
te
ra
st
lu
il
n
—a
NS
TA
RI
MA
SA
MODERN
of
e
ic
rv
se
the
to
e
lif
his
te
vo
de
to
ng
ri
si
de
n
ma
Brothers—sent upon request to any young
God as a Religious Hospital Brother.
ALEXIAN
of
rest
the
he
their representa-
tives.
DP
ONO
Om
competitor,
with his employees
and
Courtship
oe
eR
is
He
.
rt
pa
a
is
y
an
mp
co
which his
ly
ve
ti
ec
ll
co
n
ai
rg
ba
to
g
in
ll
wi
ready and
This is certainly a book which every young man
rde
un
ter
bet
a
e
hav
to
d,
rea
uld
sho
n
and woma
of
in
terested
I
Parenthood”
and
“Marriage
book
and found it very ‘interesting to read.
Your
received
oO
Inc., Dept.
F. WAGNER,
JOSEPH
to serve
seek
in-
qnd
counsel
or,
marriage,
contemplating
already married.—The Month.
om tp
of this
treatment
Except.as a
Endorsements.
excellent book for those
An
estate.
These
Read
collectrvely,
n
io
un
by
d
ie
if
st
my
d
an
ed
us
he is conf
.
ng
ni
ai
rg
ba
e
id
-w
ry
st
du
in
on
ce
insisten
th
of
Instruction
Sexual
bargain
ea
s
hi
es
ak
rt
de
un
er
oy
pl
em
the average
an
as
es
ti
as
li
bi
si
on
si
sp
on
re
sp
re
ng
ng
ni
ai
ni
rg
ai
ba
rg
e
ba
iv
coolllleeccttive
em
an
as
b
jo
s
hi
of
rt
pa
al
gr
an inte
a
t
u
B
.
rk
wo
it
ke
ma
to
s
ie
tr
ployer, and
rma
e
th
of
s
ir
fa
af
t
an
rt
po
im
e
th
on
up
n
io
at
rm
fo
in
y
ar
ss
ce
ne
e
th
es
li
pp
su
ok
bo
This
e:
ar
h
ic
wh
,
rs
te
ap
ch
its
om
fr
ed
dg
ju
ried state, as may be
e.
at
St
a
of
e
c
i
o
h
.
C
ge
.
ia
rr
Ma
of
ty
ti
nc
Sa
e
Th
e.
os
rp
Pu
d
an
n
io
ut
it
st
In
nCo
.
fe
Wi
d
an
d
n
a
b
s
u
H
n
e
e
w
t
e
B
.
s
e
Choice of a Mate. Mixed Marriag
y
n
a
M
of
ng
si
es
Bl
e
h
T
.
th
ir
dh
il
Ch
r
jugal Restraint. Before and Afte
e
Children,
to
elect
voluntarily
—
Life Section,
Family
W.
N. ©.
B.
BinoS
SCAR
EDITION
Director
0. S.
employees
ee
18TH
Edgar Schmiedeler,
their
that
convinced
CRAG
-
by Rev.
CLOTH
“74
Revised
GERRAR
J.
THOMAS
‘Te ?
By
REV.
employers
once
general,
in
But
s
the
' child.
e
oan
ik
E
G
A
I
R
R
A
M
ON
K
O
O
B
L
A
C
I
T
A PRAC
D
xs?
oY: x4
IDEAL
g
in
ll
wi
e
it
qu
en
be
e
'v
ey
th
at
th
g
eainin
m
le
ob
pr
is
th
le
nd
ha
se
el
e
on
me
so
let
to
aed
Cx
Wy
xoaTsBS
57 heSaNy
5
THE
ae
x
EMNIG
x3
.
¢ \OTE
:
CATHOLIC
ea
ay
way because the
truth was not present
up
fed
INSTRUCT
THEIR
TO
bar-
collective
of
abuses
with
30]
Page
from
[Continued
C
d
o
o
h
t
n
e
r
a
P
d
n
a
Marriage
False déctriné
has made head-
BARGAINING—
A BOOK FOR
MOTHERS
ox.
SS
yearee eecrceressnc E
LLNS,
od
RACK
SOCIAL ACTION
15c
APRIL,
ALTERNATIVES
TO
Teplow
Marshal
Scott
1947
STRIKES
ther
Leo
15;
|
SOCIAL ACTION
Magazine
KENNETH
s
n
o
i
t
o
m
E
r
u
o
Y
k
o
o
h
n
U
e
Th
n.
ow
kn
ll
we
rly
fai
are
ry
st
du
in
an
ic
er
The articles of war in Am
o
wh
n
me
e
re
th
e
Th
d.
he
is
bl
ta
es
be
to
articles of a just peace have yet
be.
ll
sha
ey
th
t
tha
d
ne
er
nc
co
y
ll
ua
eq
are
ue
have written this iss
y
ll
ua
ct
fa
e,
er
nc
si
all
are
ey
Th
s.
ou
vi
ob
is
on
What they have in comm
ey
Th
.
ife
str
d
an
g
in
er
ff
su
te
ha
ey
Th
.
ns
informed, deeply loyal citize
are realists.
ListON Pope, Editor
UNDERWOOD, Mg. Editor on leave
Mar JoRIE UNDERWOOD, Acting Mg. Editor
COM
UNHOOK
YOUR
TEN
TS
are
ey
th
t
tha
is
h
ut
tr
e
Th
s.
ou
vi
ob
o
Yet their disagreements are als
.
ew
vi
of
t
in
po
r
he
ot
an
or
e
on
to
u
yo
partisans. They want to persuade
EMOTIONS
3
A preface by Francis W. McPeek
ALTERNATIVES
TO
STRIKES
A Labor Viewpoint by Walter Reuther
A Management
THE
WORKER
AND
44
Viewpoint by Leo Teplow
THE
12
CHURCH
A Minister's Viewpoint by Marshal Scott
22
SOCIAL SCENE, a Personal Column by Alfred W. Swan
31
on
so
as
at
th
ew
kn
ly
ab
ob
pr
u
Yo
u.
yo
One of them is bound to annoy
t
es
gg
su
to
ke
li
d
I'
So
.
s’
ke
ri
St
To
as you saw the title—"‘Alternatives
two things.
rde
un
to
ed
ne
We
n.
ca
u
yo
as
First, unhook your emotions as much
A
.
ck
ba
g
in
lk
ta
t
ar
st
we
re
fo
be
ng
yi
sa
is
stand what the other fellow
an
e
iz
ic
it
cr
to
t
gh
ri
e
th
ed
rn
ea
t
no
rule in philosophy is that you have
m.
hi
to
le
ab
pt
ce
ac
s
rm
te
in
it
e
at
st
n
ca
u
opponent’s position until yo
ve
ha
We
.
rs
he
op
os
il
ph
of
on
ti
na
a
t
bu
Recently we have been anything
sounded
off first, voiced our doubts
later. This procedure may
reduce
.
re
he
yw
an
y
tr
un
co
e
th
t
ge
t
n’
es
do
it
t
bu
emotional tension,
.
st
mo
rs
he
at
fe
ur
yo
d
le
ff
ru
at
th
e
cl
ti
ar
e
th
- Second, go back and read
u
yo
lp
he
ll
wi
at
Th
.
an
is
rt
pa
a
as
it
ad
re
On the second round, try to
gsu
s
thi
d
ie
pl
ap
I
en
Wh
so.
do
to
t
go
understand it better, and you've
y
ma
it
u,
yo
r
Fo
n.
ai
ag
ts
gh
ou
th
's
ow
gestion I had to go over Mr. Tepl
Copyright, 1947 by the Council for Social Action in the U.S.
Cover picture by courtesy of Press Association, Inc.
be Mr. Reuther or Mr. Scott.
SOCIAL
Published
ACTION,
monthly,
VOL. XIII, NUMBER
except July and
August,
4, APRIL,
by the Council
1947
for Social
of the Congregational Christian Churches, 289 Fourth Avenue,
N. Y. Frederick M. Meek, Chairman; Ray Gibbons, Director.
New
Action
York
10,
d
en
u
yo
t
n’
do
y
Wh
u.
yo
of
d
ea
ah
g
in
en
You have an interesting ev
?
d
an
st
u
yo
e
er
wh
on
ti
Ac
al
ci
So
of
or
it
ed
it by telling the
FRANCIS
*Francis
Subscription $1.00 per year; Canada, $1.10 per year. Single copies, 15c. each;
2 to 9, 12c.’each; 10 to 49 copies, 10c. each;, 50 or more copies, 8c. each.
Re-entered as second-class matter January 30, 1939, at the Post Office at New
York, under the Act of March 3, 1879.
W.
McPeek
knows
his
way
around
W.
Washington,
McPEEK*
D.C., Protestant
nt
me
rt
pa
De
the
of
or
ct
re
di
ly
er
rm
Fo
.
in
lv
Ca
hn
Jo
of
churches, and the writings
or
ct
re
di
ant
ist
ass
,
es
ch
ur
Ch
of
on
ti
ra
de
Fe
on
of Social Welfare of the Washingt
the
of
an
rm
ai
ch
d
an
s,
ie
ud
St
l
ho
co
Al
of
ol
ho
Sc
of the summer sessions of Yale’s
me
ca
be
ly
nt
ce
re
he
,
on
ti
Ac
ial
Soc
for
l
ci
un
Co
Legislative Committee of the
h
oc
ll
Cu
Mc
W.
k
an
Fr
to
r
so
es
cc
su
As
A.
S.
industrial relations secretary for the C.
s.
tor
pas
d
an
en
ym
la
for
ues
iss
al
ri
st
du
in
ng
yi
if
he will devote his energies to clar
—Ray Gibbons
A Labor View point
ALTERNATIVES
TO STRIKES
By Walter Reuther
There is no shortcut to industrial peace with justice, just as
there is no easy road to international peace with justice. The
dilemma in each area is the same: how to create a community
out of warring sovereignties without destroying fundamental
freedoms and without saddling men with dictatorship in the
guise of law and order.
Deeper Causes of Strikes
Strikes are a surface manifestation of deeper illness. Labor
relations are human relations. Strikes are the sign of breakdown in human relations. To believe that the pervasive and
deep-seated sickness of modern industrial society can be exorcised through legislative compulsion, directed against one
group in the industrial community struggling to be born, is to
indulge a fancy for witchcraft.
The supreme authority of public opinion is democratic gospel. But current appeals to public interest by rugged individualists who are pushing restrictive labor legislation are in the category of scripture quoted to a devilish purpose. For it is precisely
the resistance of concentrated wealth and corporate management to the over-all claims of society which has created the economic environment of scarcity, greed, anarchy and fear in
which wage-earners huddle together in unions and resort to the
power to withhold their labor as their ultimate defense.
An Insoluble Contradiction
Apologists for America’s private corporate government have
involved
themselves
in an insoluble
contradiction—insoluble,
that is, within the framework of the easy assumptions of
laissez-faire. They are on record as proclaiming that the public
interest is paramount when a work stoppage occurs in a basic
industry. That is unassailable doctrine. Its implications, how-
ACTION n
SOCIAL e
eat
ever, thteaten the life of another
5
doctrine dear to the hearts
by
at
th
ne
ri
ct
do
e
th
:
rs
se
ri
rp
te
en
‘of the unreconstructed free
al
du
vi
di
in
e
th
,
in
ga
e
at
iv
pr
ek
se
to
t
exercising an absolute righ
l
ra
ne
ge
e
th
e
nc
va
ad
ly
ab
it
ev
in
d
an
y
employer will automaticall
interests of society.
r
Fo
y.
wa
ve
gi
st
mu
e
On
.
le
ib
at
mp
co
~The two doctrines are in
if the public, interest
,
es
ri
st
du
in
c
si
ba
in
s
ke
ri
st
by
ed
ct
fe
is af
d
an
nd
ta
rs
de
un
to
on
ti
ga
li
ob
an
d
an
t
then the public has a righ
ine
th
en
th
,
ue
tr
is
at
th
If
s.
ke
ri
st
e
‘remove the causes of thos
d
an
,
st
re
te
in
ic
bl
pu
a
th
wi
ed
ct
fe
af
dustries themselves become
ic
bl
pu
a
at
th
y
or
at
nd
ma
s
me
co
be
en
not merely the strikes. It th
of
m
do
ee
fr
d
le
me
am
tr
un
to
er
th
hi
e
check be placed upon th
e
bl
si
on
sp
re
ir
an
ay
pl
to
es
ri
st
du
in
e
os
private management in th
d
an
s,
it
of
pr
,
es
ic
pr
s,
ge
wa
of
rs
te
un
co
e
th
th
wi
r
game of powe
production
levels.
?
nt
te
is
ns
Co
t
n
e
m
e
g
a
n
a
M
Is
Nor is that all. In our interde-
inh
ic
wh
in
y,
om
on
ec
nt
de
-pen
-dustrial peace and welfare are
indivisible, it is impossible to
mark a rigid boundary between
c
si
ba
e
ar
h
ic
wh
es
ri
st
du
in
se
ho
‘t
A
t.
no
e
ar
h
ic
wh
e
os
th
-and
spublic charter will have to be
at the very least, for all
written,
of the durable-goods industries,
for it ‘is in these industries that
th
al
we
of
n
io
at
tr
en
nc
co
e
th
,
st
te
ea
gr
is
r
we
po
ic
om
and econ
and in them that the strategic
‘decisions
‘made:
and
spelling
Ce
for
collap se
‘omy.
mistakes
prosperity
te
entire
the
Gray
are
orf
y
econ-
Walter P. Reuther, International
President of the United Automobile
Workers, CIO.
6
SOCIAL
Is
private
corporate
IAL
SOCn
e
ACTION
management,
as
represented
by
the
National Association of Manufacturers and the Chamber of
Commerce, prepared to walk down that road, divesting itself
of its jealously-guarded but vaguely-defined prerogatives as it
goes? Is management’s current concern for the public interest
a passing fancy or a durable love? A rhetorical device, a debater’s point—or a sincere commitment?
I propose that the American people find out. I propose that
the American people get behind a comprehensive program to
make strikes unnecessary by removing their causes and setting
up practical machinery to prevent the periodic breakdown of
human relations in industry. I propose that the people assert
the paramountcy of their interest, not just now and then when
things get out of hand, but constantly, in the daily functioning
of the industrial process.
A Positive Program
Specifically, I suggest a three-fold plan for labor-manage-
ment-government cooperation:
1) A national program of social legislation to create the environment of abundance, security and freedom in which the
technique of striking to secure improvement of one’s lot can be
abandoned as crude, wasteful and obsolete.
2)
The creation of practical industrial relations machinery
at the plant, corporation, and industry levels to reinforce col-
lective bargaining with positive cooperation and to solve the
daily problems of industrial life before they reach the crisis
phase.
3)
Collective bargaining by factual analysis of the relevant
data on wages, prices, profits, and production schedules, rather
than by tilting at windmills and fumbling in the dark.
Such a plan will be difficult to implement, for it involves a
basic shift in values from preoccupation with the acquisitive to
- cooperation, from almost exclusive concern for the material to
recognition of the human ends which economic activity should
serve. But only through such an approach, involving prevention
7
ACTION
n
ca
,
on
si
ul
mp
co
ve
ti
ga
ne
an
and positive cooperation rather th
e
ic
st
ju
th
wi
e
ac
pe
al
ri
st
du
in
the continuing public interest in
be safeguarded.
7
|
s
rd
da
an
St
Certain National Minimum
ic
bl
pu
be
st
mu
e
er
th
at
th
is
al
os
op
pr
The point of the first
recognition
and
enforcement
standards in housing,
of
certain
national
food, health, real income,
minimum
and general
d
an
ss
ne
si
bu
g
in
do
on
ce
en
st
si
in
e
at
social security, and that priv
y
if
ll
nu
to
d
we
lo
al
be
t
no
st
mu
y
wa
n
making profit in a certai
,
ry
st
du
in
ng
di
il
bu
e
Th
.
ma
ni
mi
c
si
ba
the citizen’s right to these
as
at
th
s
ar
ye
of
od
ri
pe
a
er
ov
ed
for example, has demonstrat
ng
ti
uc
tr
ns
co
of
e
bl
pa
ca
in
y
rl
te
ut
presently constituted it is
t
un
mo
ra
pa
is
h
ic
Wh
.
es
li
mi
fa
decent housing for low-income
n,
me
le
dd
mi
s,
er
li
pp
su
of
t
gh
ri
e
th
:
ry
st
du
in the building in
contractors,
sub-contractors,
real
estate
speculators,
mortgage
me
ga
e
th
at
ay
pl
to
s
rd
lo
nd
la
um
and loan associations and sl
d
an
er
wn
-o
me
ho
e
iv
ct
pe
os
pr
e
th
e
il
wh
of private enterprise
y
er
ev
of
t
gh
ri
e
th
r
—o
sk
ri
e
th
me
su
as
government agencies
ee
nt
se
ab
nt
me
la
y
Wh
?
ed
us
ho
ly
nt
ce
American family to be de
e
th
on
d
an
h
nc
be
rk
wo
e
th
at
es
rv
ne
ism, turnover, and frayed
l,
ta
en
em
el
e
th
y
sf
ti
sa
to
ne
do
is
assembly-line, while nothing
ed
ay
fr
d
an
y
et
xi
an
en
Wh
r?
te
el
sh
animal need for adequate
y
et
ci
so
r
fo
al
in
im
cr
is
it
,
ke
ri
st
t
ca
ld
nerves spill over into a wi
s
ke
ri
St
.
ty
li
bi
si
on
sp
re
ir
r
bo
la
of
ge
ar
to tolerate the partisan ch
ss
ne
er
tt
bi
of
l
soi
a
om
fr
ow
gr
ey
Th
do not occur in a vacuum.
or
r
de
un
ed
gh
ou
pl
be
to
t
no
n
io
and frustration, of determinat
us
of
me
so
ng
ki
ee
-s
lf
se
of
le
ng
ju
e
th
in
cast off as expendable
|
call free enterprise.
of
m
ra
og
pr
ge
an
-r
ng
lo
a
be
st
That is why the first step mu
lba
to
d
an
t
ci
fi
de
al
ci
so
ng
ri
ge
legislation to wipe out the stag
al
on
ti
na
ed
te
an
ar
gu
h
ug
ro
th
s
ed
ance the budget of human ne
t
en
ag
as
nt
me
rn
ve
go
he
—t
nt
me
rn
minima underwritten by gove
ls.
fai
ve
ti
ia
it
in
e
at
iv
pr
en
wh
r
ve
li
de
of the public interest, to
y
t
i
l
i
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R
to
d
a
o
R
e
Th
to
nt
me
rn
ve
go
on
ce
an
li
re
e
iv
But we must beware of pass
8
SOCIAL
SOCIAL
ACTION
compensate for the shortcomings of private industry. That way
lies the growth of an over-centralized and unresponsive bureaucracy and the gradual atrophy of democratic action at the
grass roots. That is why the second step in our plan calls for
the creation of new machinery to facilitate labor-management
cooperation. Business, as Beardsley Ruml has stated, is a rule-
maker. But the right to manage, or make rules, in the industrial community will be regarded by workers as the usurpation
of arbitrary authority as long as management arrogates to itself
the power to make unilateral decisions intimately affecting the
|
welfare of the worker in his daily life within the plant.
Labor is exhorted to be more responsible. But all the avenues
to the responsible exercise of labor’s power are blocked by
management. Under the typical grievance procedure, labor is
permitted to react after something has gone wrong. The worker
may “file a grievance’. If matters get worse instead of better,
the worker may withhold his labor. In both cases, in the act
of filing a grievance and in the act of striking, no positive
power to make things go right is exercised. The road to responsibility leads to the positive, rather than the negative, exercise
of power.
Need for Labor-Management Councils
The void in which both labor and management are fumbling
in the absence of practical machinery would be filled by creation
of labor-management councils. Recognizing the fact that modern industry as rule-maker has a continuing impact on our lives
as powerful as that of government, the public, through these
councils, would
assert the traditional
democratic principle
of
“no taxation without representation”. At every level, the interests of the producer would be represented. To prevent col-
lusion between labor and management at the expense of the
consumer,
the consumer
would
be represented
at the higher
levels where policy decisions affecting the general welfare
would be made.
It would be hypocritical to pretend that such councils could
9
ACTION
function without involving a drastic change in management's
relationship to the public. Management’s technical function
would
remain,
and
would
assume
greater
importance.
Both
management and labor would stand in more direct relationship
ck
che
g
uin
tin
con
a
se
rci
exe
ld
wou
lic
pub
the
and
,
lic
pub
to the
re
mo
s
ses
pos
ly
ual
act
d
ul
wo
nt
me
ge
na
Ma
s.
ion
act
@pon their
l
nci
cou
the
r
de
un
se
sen
cal
hni
tec
the
in
ge
na
ma
to
real freedom
be
d
ul
co
s
on
ti
es
qu
cal
hni
tec
for
,
ses
rci
exe
y
tl
en
es
pr
plan than it
lic
pub
a
of
k
or
ew
am
fr
the
in
th
wi
d
an
its
mer
ir
the
solved on
l
ca
ti
li
po
rwe
po
by
ed
at
em
al
st
d
an
ed
us
nf
co
n
tha
her
charter, rat
considerations advanced by Wall Street or Cleveland.
Informed Collective Bargaining
em
st
sy
l
nci
cou
e
Th
.
tus
sta
no
but
r
we
po
has
y
da
Labor to
its
of
nt
me
ge
na
ma
g
in
iv
pr
de
t
ou
th
wi
tus
sta
or
would give lab
meli
not
d
ul
wo
ls
nci
cou
the
But
on.
cti
fun
essential technical
nai
rg
ba
e
tiv
lec
col
for
,
ng
ni
ai
rg
ba
e
tiv
lec
col
for
inate the need
y
ac
cr
mo
de
l
ria
ust
ind
of
e
as
ph
a
for
me
na
r
he
ot
ing is merely an
of
ion
tat
dic
nt
me
rn
ve
go
by
y
onl
ed
nt
la
which can be supp
the
in
p
ste
rd
thi
e
Th
.
ns
io
it
nd
co
g
in
wages, hours, and work
e
tiv
lec
col
of
g
in
en
th
ng
re
st
the
for
program, therefore, calls
y
da
to
nds
sta
tt
as
law
nt
me
oy
pl
em
l
bargaining. Under the ful
d
ul
wo
nt
me
rn
ve
go
,
ure
fut
the
in
ed
nt
and as it may be suppleme
in
nds
tre
r
jo
ma
the
to
t
pec
res
th
wi
a
dat
ll
r-a
provide the ove
ls
nci
cou
the
d
an
nt
me
ge
na
Ma
s.
fit
pro
d
an
prices, real wages,
r
ula
tic
par
to
t
pec
res
th
wi
n
io
at
rm
fo
in
al
on
ti
would supply addi
nt
me
ge
na
ma
d
an
s
ve
ti
ta
en
es
pr
re
n
io
Un
.
nts
pla
d
an
industries
the
of
is
bas
the
on
t
en
em
re
ag
ch
rea
n
the
d
ul
wo
s
ve
representati
inlic
pub
ng
ui
in
nt
co
of
nd
ou
gr
ck
ba
the
t
ins
aga
relevant facts
d
ul
wo
ts
fac
the
in
st
ere
int
lic
pub
e
Th
g.
in
nd
ta
rs
de
terest and un
as
,
not
,
ns
io
at
ti
go
ne
ut
ho
ug
ro
th
be recognized and honored
ge
ma
da
the
d
an
wn
do
en
ok
br
d
ha
ns
today, only after negotiatio
o
tw
y
onl
are
re
the
se;
sen
on
mm
co
ry
ta
en
em
el
is
was done. This
ce.
for
to
al
pe
ap
an
or
ts,
fac
the
to
al
pe
ap
ways about it—an
npri
ic
bas
se
the
If
?
an
pl
a
h
suc
ept
acc
Will management
n,
ma
e
ag
er
av
the
by
od
to
rs
de
un
d
an
d
te
ba
de
ciples were widely
eee
10
SOCIAL
SOCIAL
Oe
ACTION
ht
ig
we
the
th
wi
,
gh
ou
en
y
ull
cef
for
d
te
en
es
pr
re
we
and if they
d
ul
co
nt
me
ge
na
ma
,
em
th
nd
hi
be
n
io
in
op
lic
pub
of informed
not easily reject it.
Free Enterprise on Trial
For the business enterprise system is on trial for its life. It hag,
e
th
for
,
tes
Sta
ted
Uni
the
to
s
nes
ive
ect
eff
its
e
at
to demonstr
y
gel
lar
l
stil
ld
wor
the
of
s
ion
nat
the
all
of
ne
alo
United States
y
sel
loo
is
at
wh
on
ts
wan
al
eri
mat
its
of
ion
act
isf
sat
relies for the
To
.
ope
Eur
in
led
fai
has
e
ris
erp
ent
e
Fre
e.
ris
erp
ent
e
called fre
col
,
ion
lat
inf
h
wit
d
ate
oci
ass
is
e
ris
erp
ent
e
fre
,
the European
n
Eve
s.
war
ld
wor
two
and
n,
sio
res
rep
and
ror
ter
lapse, fascist
adbre
ys,
ida
hol
k
ban
of
es
ri
mo
me
ter
bit
are
re
the
a,
ric
Ame
in
ns.
sig
”’
ted
wan
p
hel
o
‘N
and
’,
ies
“Ok
,
lines, Hoovervilles
The greatest mistake which ardent champions of business
ms
to
mp
sy
r
ove
s
fus
to
be
d
ul
wo
ay
tod
ke
ma
ld
cou
e
ris
enterp
while ignoring causes. The New Deal is dead in Washington,
h
80t
e
Th
.
ple
peo
the
of
ns
tio
ira
asp
and
es
ri
mo
me
the
in
if not
.
her
mot
ing
dot
a
e
lik
ry
ust
ind
dle
cod
and
er
mp
pa
l
wil
Congress
l
wil
ss
ine
bus
in
”
nce
ere
erf
int
t
en
nm
er
ov
“g
of
nd
The only bra
er
und
But
rs.
ste
ini
adm
and
for
ls
cal
ss
ine
be the brand that bus
ws
fla
and
ns
sio
ten
the
g,
lin
fee
od
go
of
era
s
thi
the surface of
m.
lis
ita
cap
for
sis
cri
r
the
ano
ing
par
pre
are
9
192
that made a
g
lin
Pul
7.
194
in
ion
ess
rec
a
ect
exp
n
me
es
ok
sp
Most industry
r
the
ano
o
int
r
gge
sta
y
ma
y
om
on
ec
the
,
ion
ess
out of the rec
pre
be
in
aga
l
wil
Era
w
Ne
r
the
ano
of
ts
phe
boom, and the pro
dicting eternal prosperity.
boom?
But what
will happen
after the
Voluntary Cooperation—or the Super-State
ge
na
ma
and
or
lab
if
For
.
wer
ans
an
for
t
wai
not
We can
leg
ve
iti
pun
,
ded
-si
one
t
hou
wit
and
on
si
ul
mp
co
t
ment, withou
e
olv
res
not
can
ia,
ter
hys
of
re
he
sp
mo
at
an
in
sed
pas
islation
n
sio
res
dep
ng
mi
co
the
st,
ere
int
lic
pub
the
in
their differences
ty,
ali
ion
nat
no
has
ism
ian
tar
ali
Tot
.
nce
cha
t
las
our
will erase
the
o
int
ve
mo
l
wil
te
sta
ersup
e
Th
s.
rie
nda
bou
no
respects
on
ati
per
coo
ary
unt
vol
e
iev
ach
to
e
lur
fai
our
by
d
ate
cre
vacuum
ACTION
ee
11
.
m
o
d
e
e
r
f
d
n
a
y
t
i
r
u
c
e
s
,
n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
ll
fu
,
t
n
e
for full employm
s
s
e
n
n
r
o
b
b
u
t
s
d
n
a
y
g
r
a
h
t
e
l
r
fo
y
a
p
to
e
c
i
r
p
h
g
i
h
That will be a
y
l
n
o
if
”
t
u
o
s
e
v
l
e
s
m
e
h
t
k
r
o
w
.
ll
wi
s
g
n
i
h
t
“
at
th
and a feeling
|
.
e.
ac
pl
s
it
labor is put in
e
th
r
fo
n
r
e
c
n
o
c
d
e
s
s
e
f
o
r
p
s
'
t
n
e
m
e
g
a
n
a
m
st
te
Let the people
d
an
r
o
b
a
l
of
e
c
n
e
r
e
f
n
o
c
g
n
i
k
r
o
w
l
a
n
o
i
t
a
n
A
general welfare.
irb
ve
e
th
h
g
u
o
r
h
t
t
cu
d
l
u
o
c
,
y
l
e
t
a
i
d
e
m
m
i
d
e
l
l
management, ca
iff
di
r
u
o
of
t
r
a
e
h
e
th
at
t
ge
d
n
a
s
t
r
e
p
x
e
l
a
i
r
age of the edito
s
a
h
c
r
u
p
of
m
e
l
b
o
r
p
e
th
e
l
k
c
a
t
d
l
u
o
c
e
c
n
e
r
e
f
n
o
c
culties. Such a
r
e
d
r
o
in
es
ic
pr
g
n
i
s
a
e
r
c
n
i
t
u
o
h
t
i
w
s
e
g
a
w
g
n
i
s
i
a
r
ing power, of
d
l
u
o
c
It
.
t
u
p
t
u
o
l
a
n
o
i
t
a
n
r
u
o
r
fo
d
n
a
m
e
d
y
d
a
to provide a ste
d
n
a
p
x
e
of
,
es
ti
li
ci
fa
r
a
w
le
id
g
n
i
s
u
of
n
o
i
t
s
e
face up to the qu
l,
ee
st
ke
li
s
l
a
i
r
e
t
a
m
c
i
s
a
b
of
n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
th
ing facilities for
to
e
t
a
u
q
e
d
a
n
i
is
y
t
i
c
a
p
a
c
g
n
i
t
s
i
x
e
e
r
e
h
w
—
l
in cases—like stee
.
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
t
n
e
m
y
o
l
p
m
e
ll
the demands of a fu
w
e
i
v
t
r
o
h
s
e
th
s
e
k
a
t
t
n
e
m
e
g
a
n
a
m
if
;
o
n
ys
sa
t
n
e
m
If manage
e
l
t
t
i
h
w
to
d
e
n
g
i
s
e
d
n
o
i
t
a
l
s
i
g
e
l
s
as
cl
n
o
p
u
ly
re
to
and decides
;
s
m
i
a
l
c
s
’
r
o
b
a
l
of
e
ic
st
ju
e
th
g
in
ft
si
of
d
a
e
t
s
n
i
r
labor’s powe
a
as
d
e
c
n
a
v
d
a
e
r
e
h
n
a
l
p
d
l
o
f
e
e
r
h
t
e
th
s
e
g
d
u
j
if management
l
a
i
t
n
e
t
o
p
a
as
n
a
h
t
r
e
h
t
a
r
s
e
v
i
t
a
g
o
r
e
r
p
s
it
to
potential threat
s
tt
e
v
a
h
ll
wi
c
i
l
b
u
p
e
th
n
e
h
t
—
t
c
i
l
f
n
o
c
l
a
i
r
t
s
solution of indu
answer. Management
e
s
u
f
e
r
or
,
e
v
o
m
n
a
c
it
has the initiative;
.
st
te
e
h
t
e
k
a
m
s
’
t
e
L
to budge.
y
t
i
n
u
m
m
o
C
a
e
t
a
e
r
C
We Must
i
r
e
p
x
e
n
a
c
i
r
e
m
A
e
th
n
o
e
s
o
l
c
e
r
o
f
to
n
o
o
s
o
to
is
it
I believe
t
i
l
o
p
at
th
e
g
d
e
l
w
o
n
k
e
th
in
t
ac
to
e
m
o
c
s
ha
e
m
i
t
ment. But the
e
m
o
c
e
b
ll
wi
,
s
e
i
r
t
n
u
o
c
r
e
h
t
o
in
y
d
a
e
r
l
a
as
e
r
e
h
,
ical democracy
al
ci
so
e
th
n
o
m
m
u
s
t
no
do
e
w
if
l,
el
sh
s
s
e
l
g
n
i
n
a
an empty and me
know-how
d
n
i
h
e
b
e
z
i
l
i
b
o
m
d
n
a
l
il
sk
equal to our technical
a
m
o
c
a
e
t
a
e
r
c
t
s
u
m
e
W
.
y
c
a
r
c
o
m
e
d
c
i
m
o
n
o
program for ec
a
d
n
u
f
g
n
i
y
o
r
t
s
e
d
t
u
o
h
t
i
w
s
e
i
t
n
g
i
e
r
e
v
o
s
g
n
i
r
r
a
munity out of w
p
i
h
s
r
o
t
a
t
c
i
d
h
t
i
w
n
e
m
g
n
i
l
d
d
a
s
t
u
o
h
t
i
w
d
n
a
mental freedoms
to
y
a
w
a
nd
fi
t
s
u
m
e
w
t,
or
sh
In
.
r
e
d
r
o
d
n
a
w
a
l
in the guise of
r
ei
th
g
n
i
y
o
r
t
s
e
d
t
u
o
h
t
i
w
e
l
p
o
e
p
e
th
of
s
d
e
e
n
l
meet the materia
spirits.
A Mana gement View point
ALTERNATIVES TO STRIKES
By Leo Teplow
While there are many alternatives to strikes, there is no way
short of dictatorship of eliminating strikes from the industrial
scene.
The strike is an action of free men who stop work in concert
in protest against wages, hours, or working conditions which
seem to them unnecessarily harsh or unfair. The right to stop
work either individually or in concert cannot be separated from
the right of men to be free in a thousand other ways which
flow from our system of individual competitive enterprise and
political democracy.
The Hard Way is the Best Way
Strikes cannot be prevented and our freedoms preserved by
passing a law that there shall be no strikes. Such laws can
mean only involuntary servitude, and would have to be backed
up by dictatorial control.
That does not mean, however, that we cannot make progress
in the direction of minimizing the causes of strikes, reducing
the occurrences of strikes, and safeguarding the economy
against the impact of strikes when they occur.
The steps to be taken in this direction are many. The solutions are not simple. Many may consider a complex approach
the hard way to tackle a problem of paramount importance. But
it is the only way in which the problem can be solved while
safeguarding the many advantages which only our kind of
economy and our system of government can provide.
Not
We
omy.
heap
and
Simply a Case of Bad People
all know that strikes have wrought havoc with our econBut that is no reason for name calling or for trying to
blame upon either management or employees. The men
women who compose the industrial team are essentially
SOCIAL
ACTION
13
the same kind of normal human beings. They all have their
hopes and aspirations for a better world. Very few want to rise
at the expense of other people. They are motivated by a sense
of fair play; and they have the normal degree of self-interest
that motivates allofus.
Despite the difficulties in the path of good employer-employee
relations, industry is not characteristically an armed camp in
which employers seek to “exploit” employees, and employees
seek to destroy employers. In most cases employers and employees could work out their own problems with a considerable
degree of peace and harmony if it were not for certain external
obstacles which prevent direct and friendly relations between
employers and employees or their representatives.
External Obstacles
The list of these obstacles is long but they can be summarized
under three general headings. The first pertains to management, which has been charged
with 1) refusal to deal with
unions and 2)
an effort to un-
that
union
dermine them. Management
has also been accused of being
so much concerned with other
matters, particularly those relating to production, sales, and
finance, that it does not give its
employee relations the attention that they deserve.
Secondly, it is quite clear
certain
tactics,
abuses, and immunities under
present laws serve to encour-
age friction between management and employees.
Thirdly,
1j
actuality
of
f
the
possibility
government
or
j
inter-
Leo
Teplow,
Research
Assistant Director
of the
Industrial
of
Rela-
tions Department of the National
Association of Manufacturers.
SOCIAL
14
M4
SOCIAL
a
ACTION
s,
on
ti
la
re
r
de
ol
kh
oc
st
s,
on
ti
la
re
er
li
pp
su
ing customer relations,
rcu
se
e
th
,
ts
uc
od
pr
its
of
s
le
sa
e
th
the efficiency of production,
e
th
of
s
ct
pe
os
pr
ge
an
-r
ng
lo
e
th
d
ity of its financial position, an
s
nt
me
ge
na
ma
me
so
at
th
e,
or
ef
er
th
,
ng
si
ri
business. It is not surp
d
an
me
ti
d
de
vi
di
un
e
th
s
on
ti
la
re
have not devoted to employee
attention which the subject deserves.
nt
me
ge
na
ma
s
ha
y
or
st
hi
in
r
ve
ne
at
th
e
bl
However, it is nota
so
as
its
h
ug
ro
th
d
an
ly
al
du
vi
di
in
th
bo
devoted as much time,
ee
oy
pl
em
d
un
so
of
n
io
at
ul
rm
fo
e
th
to
ciations, as it does today
to
on
ti
za
ni
ga
or
an
of
ng
di
il
bu
e
th
to
d
an
es
ci
relations poli
.
es
ci
li
po
e
es
th
of
on
ti
ra
st
ni
mi
ad
d
an
assist in the development
me
co
be
s
ie
an
mp
co
of
ts
en
id
es
pr
ny
ma
so
ve
Never before ha
s
on
ti
la
re
ee
oy
pl
em
th
wi
d
ne
er
nc
co
personally and intimately
opr
y
an
mp
co
ve
ti
si
po
ny
ma
so
ve
ha
programs. Never before
of
m
ai
e
th
th
wi
n,
io
at
er
op
to
in
t
pu
grams been developed and
nco
y
ll
ta
vi
is
y
an
mp
co
r
ei
th
at
th
proving to the employees
n
ee
tw
be
at
th
e
iz
al
re
le
op
pe
w
Fe
e.
ar
lf
we
r
ei
th
t
cerned abou
p
ou
gr
by
d
re
ve
co
e
ar
s
ee
oy
pl
em
n
io
ll
mi
en
te
ur
fo
d
twelve an
ty
ri
cu
se
r
te
ea
gr
e
id
ov
pr
h
ic
wh
s
an
pl
e
ar
insurance or other welf
en
be
ve
ha
s
an
pl
e
es
th
of
ty
ri
jo
ma
t
ea
gr
to the employee. The
t
ou
th
wi
,
ed
lv
vo
in
s
nt
me
ge
na
ma
e
th
by
instituted voluntarily
ve
ti
ec
ll
co
h
ug
ro
th
ed
nd
ma
de
be
to
ty
waiting for such securi
s
n
o
i
n
U
d
r
a
w
o
T
e
d
u
t
i
t
t
Management A
t
s
n
i
a
g
a
s
n
o
i
n
u
,
by
e
d
a
m
s
e
g
r
a
h
c
n
o
m
m
o
c
One of the most
n
o
i
n
u
e
h
t
h
t
i
w
l
a
e
d
to
s
e
s
u
f
e
r
t
n
e
m
e
g
a
n
a
m
management is that
t
a
h
t
r
a
e
l
c
y
l
t
n
a
d
n
u
b
a
is
It
.
n
o
i
n
u
e
h
t
e
n
i
m
r
e
and seeks to und
e
k
a
m
s
r
e
d
a
e
l
n
o
i
n
u
‘some
faith, while
o
h
w
e
s
o
h
T
.
ic
ct
ta
g
n
i
z
i
n
a
g
r
o
n
a
as
y
l
p
m
i
s
others make them
as
s
n
o
i
n
u
e
h
t
e
z
i
n
g
o
c
e
r
to
l
a
s
u
f
e
r
h
t
i
w
t
n
charge manageme
etr
e
h
t
to
s
e
y
e
r
i
e
h
t
e
s
o
l
c
s
e
e
y
o
l
p
m
e
r
i
e
h
t
representatives of
t
n
e
m
e
g
a
n
a
m
n
i
h
t
i
w
e
c
a
l
p
n
e
k
a
t
s
a
h
h
c
i
h
w
mendous change
n
a
m
y
n
a
m
t
a
h
t
e
u
r
t
is
It
.
s
r
a
e
y
e
v
l
e
w
t
or
n
during the past te
in
m
e
h
t
h
t
i
w
l
a
e
d
to
or
s
n
o
i
n
u
e
z
i
n
g
o
c
e
r
to
d
e
s
agements refu
g
n
i
l
a
e
d
:
n
e
e
b
e
v
a
h
s
t
n
e
m
e
g
a
n
a
m
y
n
a
m
h
g
u
o
h
t
bygone years, al
n
e
e
b
e
v
a
h
y
a
m
n
o
i
t
a
u
t
i
s
e
h
t
r
e
v
e
t
a
h
W
.
s
e
d
a
c
e
d
r
fo
s
with union
n
a
m
y
a
d
o
t
t
a
h
t
n
o
i
t
s
e
u
q
o
n
is
e
r
e
h
t
,
r
e
v
e
w
o
h
,
o
g
a
many years
y
l
e
e
r
f
e
r
a
h
c
i
h
w
s
n
o
i
n
u
e
z
i
n
g
o
c
e
r
y
l
n
o
t
o
n
l
a
r
agements in gene
in
s
h
t
g
n
e
l
t
a
e
r
g
to
o
g
o
s
l
a
t
u
b
,
s
e
e
y
o
l
p
m
e
selected by their
“
.
k
r
o
w
g
n
i
n
i
a
g
r
a
b
e
v
i
t
c
e
l
l
o
c
e
k
a
m
to
t
r
o
f
an ef
te
h
c
i
h
w
w
a
l
e
th
h
t
i
w
y
l
p
m
o
c
s
t
n
e
m
e
g
a
n
a
Not only do m
n
a
m
;
s
n
o
i
n
u
d
e
i
f
i
t
r
e
c
h
t
i
w
y
l
e
v
i
t
c
e
l
l
o
c
n
i
a
g
r
a
b
to
quires them
c
e
l
l
o
c
e
th
e
k
a
m
to
rt
fo
ef
e
r
e
c
n
i
s
a
e
k
a
m
l
a
r
e
n
e
g
agements in
t
n
e
d
i
c
c
a
o
n
is
It
.
l
u
f
t
i
u
r
f
d
n
a
d
n
u
o
s
s
n
o
i
t
a
l
e
r
g
n
i
tive bargain
that on December
15
Emphasis on Employee Relations
nt
me
ge
na
ma
s,
ee
oy
pl
em
its
to
ty
li
bi
si
on
In addition to its resp
.
nd
ou
rr
su
ms
le
ob
pr
t
ul
ic
ff
di
e
th
of
all
is justly concerned with
t
n
e
m
e
g
a
n
a
m
d
n
a
r
o
b
a
l
d
e
t
n
e
v
e
r
p
s
e
s
a
c
y
n
a
m
vention has in
d
e
g
a
r
u
o
c
n
e
s
a
h
d
n
a
,
s
e
ir problems themselv
e
h
t
in
s
e
i
t
i
l
i
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
r
r
i
e
h
t
y
la
to
h
t
o
b
or
one party or the other
lap of the government.
of
h
c
a
e
o
t
n
i
y
l
l
u
f
e
r
a
c
e
r
o
m
le
tt
li
a
k
o
o
l
to
It is worthwhile
:
.
s
a
e
r
a
e
s
e
th
d
o
o
g
in
s
e
g
r
a
h
c
e
s
e
th
ACTION
bargaining.
|
|
Obstacles Resulting From Union Strategy
rk
wo
to
s
ee
oy
pl
em
d
an
nt
me
ge
na
ma
for
ed
ne
Despite the
th
bo
e
er
wh
el
lev
y
an
mp
co
d
an
t
an
pl
the
at
out their problems
a
N
e
h
t
of
s
r
o
t
c
e
r
i
D
of
d
3, 1946, the Boar
n
o
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
s
a
d
e
v
o
r
p
p
a
s
r
e
r
u
t
c
a
f
u
n
a
M
of
tional Association
parties best understand
them,
and
despite the desire of em-
is,
bas
e
bl
ta
ui
eq
d
an
r
fai
a
on
so
do
to
s
ee
ployers and employ
obd
te
ea
cr
ve
ha
s
ce
vi
de
l
ca
gi
te
ra
st
d
certain union tactics an
.
ip
sh
on
ti
la
re
d
un
so
a
en
at
re
th
h
ic
wh
s
cle
sta
lco
e
th
n
e
h
W
“
:
e
c
n
e
t
n
e
s
is
th
d
e
n
i
a
t
n
o
c
h
c
i
h
w
s
basic principle
m
e
h
t
o
b
,
d
e
h
s
i
l
b
a
t
s
e
n
e
e
b
s
a
h
p
i
h
s
n
o
i
t
a
l
e
r
g
n
lective bargaini
s
n
o
i
t
a
g
i
l
b
o
l
a
g
e
l
r
ei
th
m
o
r
f
e
d
i
s
a
e
t
i
u
q
,
s
e
e
y
o
ployers and empl
g
n
i
n
i
a
g
r
a
b
h
c
u
s
e
k
a
m
to
y
l
e
r
e
c
n
i
s
k
r
o
w
d
l
and rights, shou
it
es
do
r
no
d
ba
are
s
ic
ct
ta
n
io
un
all
at
This does not mean th
a
—— —————
SOCIAL
16
SOCIAL
ACTION
mean that all unions engage in such tactics. But practices which
are evil must be pointed out, even though those who point to
them will be accused of being anti-labor or worse. Sometimes
these tactics result from
a union’s
desire to prove that it is
needed to act as a champion for the employees. Sometimes these
n
gai
to
on
uni
one
of
part
the
on
t
emp
att
an
m
fro
lt
resu
ics
tact
are
ics
tact
e
thes
mes
eti
Som
on.
uni
r
the
ano
r
ove
age
ant
an adv
n,
tio
iva
mot
the
of
s
les
ard
Reg
s.
goal
al
gic
olo
ide
by
ted
iva
mot
they are fundamentally bad because 1) they interfere with the
and
t
men
age
man
n
wee
bet
ons
ati
rel
nd
sou
of
t
men
ish
abl
est
yever
ch
whi
m
fro
fe
stri
l
ria
ust
ind
to
lead
they
2)
;
ees
loy
emp
colof
on
uti
tit
ins
very
the
er
ang
end
they
3)
and
ers;
one suff
lective bargaining.
These unsound tactics include unwarranted strikes, restricints,
cot
boy
on
uni
on,
rci
coe
and
ce
len
vio
n,
tio
tions on produc
sm.
oni
uni
ry
so
ul
mp
co
and
g,
nin
gai
bar
de
-wi
try
dus
Unwarranted Strikes
jus
l
ra
mo
no
be
can
re
the
h
ic
wh
for
s
ike
str
me
There are so
the
re
fo
be
y
on
im
st
te
In
ur.
occ
y
the
ss
le
he
rt
ve
Ne
n.
tificatio
Senate
Committee
on
Labor
and
Public
Welfare,
both
Mr.
ACTION
17
strikes continue to occur. In fact, nearly 30 per cent of all
strikes are for this purpose.
There is hardly any need to discuss each type of unjustified
strike individually. A sympathy strike serves only to extend a
dispute between an employer and his employees into another
company in which no dispute exists. There is no justification
for disturbing peaceful relations in one company because a dis-
pute exists in another.
Strikes against the government are strikes against the people.
Our governmental problems should be solved by the ballot
box, not by strikes. It is a confession of dire weakness to permit
strikes against a democratic government, since no group should
be permitted to prevent the functioning of a government which
represents all of the people.
Strikes to force employers to ignore the law or violate the
law certainly cannot be defended. Strikes to enforce featherbedding or other restrictions on production serve only to lower
the standard of living. The only limitations on production
should be economic demand and the health and safety of employees. Other restrictions of production can only provide a
temporary advantage for a small group at the ultimate expense
icisd
jur
d
ne
em
nd
co
ay
rr
Mu
lip
Phi
.
Mr
d
an
n
ee
Gr
William
not
do
s
ike
str
al
on
ti
ic
sd
ri
Ju
t.
gh
mi
y
the
l
wel
d
an
s,
ike
str
tional
n.
gai
ing
ult
res
any
t
hou
wit
s
ge
wa
es
los
o
wh
ee,
loy
emp
help the
are
ss
ine
bus
and
n
tio
duc
pro
e
os
wh
er,
loy
emp
the
t
They hur
of the entire people.
con
s
ike
str
al
ion
ict
isd
jur
,
ess
hel
ert
Nev
ns.
gai
one
No
ds.
nee
it
merce and trade upon which the health of our country depends.
Imagine where this country would be if each of the forty-eight
states could impose a tariff upon the transportation of goods
into the state. And yet, a comparable obstacle to freedom of
commerce is being exerted every day in certain states by unions
which are not responsible to any popular authority. In one city
stopped. They hurt the public, which is deprived of the goods
tinue to occur.
The same may be said of strikes for organizational purposes.
If a union really represents a majority of the employees, it need
only petition the National Labor Relations Board or a corresponding state board to be certified as a collective bargaining
agency. Then the employer is legally obligated to bargain with
it. But unions continue to strike rather than to use the orderly
process of law. Again, nobody gains. Everybody loses. But these
eae
Another unjustifiable type of strike is the strike in furtherance of a union boycott. Employees who refuse to handle goods
made in another company or:another locality or by members
of another union, impose an artificial barrier to the free com-
the cost of assembling electrical equipment is more than 50 per
cent higher than it is outside of the city because of a union
boycott which prevents the shipment of assembled electrical
18
SOCIAL
ACTION
oe
h
t
o
b
on
n
e
m
w
e
f
a
of
s
d
n
a
h
e
th
in
d
e
t
a
r
t
n
e
c
n
o
c
s
power become
is
s
de
si
h
t
o
b
on
r
e
w
o
p
c
i
t
s
i
l
o
p
o
n
o
m
of
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
sides. The
an
be
he
r
e
h
t
e
h
w
,
l
a
u
d
i
v
i
d
n
i
e
th
of
s
st
re
te
in
e
encouraged. Th
.
st
lo
e
ar
,
e
e
y
o
l
p
m
e
an
or
employer
.
y
n
a
p
m
o
c
l
a
u
d
i
v
i
d
n
i
an
in
ke
ri
st
a
e
v
a
h
to
h
g
u
o
n
e
It is bad
in
re
ti
en
an
n
w
o
d
es
os
cl
h
c
i
h
w
ke
ri
st
a
e
v
a
h
to
It is far worse
s
it
of
c
i
l
b
u
p
e
th
s
e
v
i
r
p
e
d
y
l
n
o
t
no
ke
ri
st
of
d
n
i
k
dustry. That
s
te
vi
in
so
al
it
:
s
e
c
i
v
r
e
s
r
‘o
s
d
o
o
g
s
'
y
r
t
s
u
d
n
i
sole source of the
.
s
e
i
r
t
s
u
d
n
i
of
n
o
i
t
a
r
e
p
o
d
n
a
n
o
i
t
n
e
v
r
e
t
n
i
t
n
e
governm
i
t
e
p
m
o
c
m
o
r
f
s
d
a
e
l
h
c
i
h
w
d
a
o
r
a
is
g
n
i
n
i
a
g
r
a
b
e
-Industry-wid
e.
at
st
e
t
a
r
o
p
r
o
c
e
h
t
to
tive enterprise
Compulsory Uniontsm
d
e
v
l
o
s
be
t
o
n
n
a
c
y
t
e
i
c
o
s
ee
fr
a
in
n
e
m
ee
fr
of
s
m
e
The probl
l
u
p
m
o
c
n
a
h
t
r
e
t
t
e
b
o
n
1s
m
s
i
n
o
i
n
u
y
r
o
s
l
u
p
m
o
C
by compulsion.
l
a
n
o
i
t
a
N
e
th
in
p
i
h
s
r
e
b
m
e
m
y
r
o
s
l
u
p
m
o
c
or
n
o
i
g
i
l
e
sory state r
this kind of violence and coercion to continue, the freedoms
which we so highly prize continue to be limited and subject tochallenge. Not only do these evidences of violence and coetcion indicate serious conflicts; they also create bitterness and ~
conflicts
and
prevent
|
the
Industry-Wide Bargaining
Employers and employees can best deal with each other at
the plant and company level where they know each other, where
they understand the common problems facing them, and where
each group has a stake in the continued
existence of the com-.
pany.
>
oe
When collective bargaining is transferred to an industry-wide
basis, the interests of the individual employers and employees
are subordinated and the problems facing the individual company become lost. The problems facing the individual employee
become generalized beyond recognition. The economic problems of the individual company and its employees are obscured
a
mms
ACTION
e
r
o
m
d
n
a
e
r
o
M
.
y
r
t
s
u
d
n
i
an
of
s
m
e
l
b
o
r
p
l
a
c
i
t
i
l
o
beneath the p
it
as
se,
abu
this
for
s
pay
lic
pub
The
.
city
the
o
int
equipment
|
pays for all such abuses.
Violence and Coercion in Industrial Disputes
y.
ntr
cou
e
fre
a
in
men
e
fre
ng
bei
on
ves
sel
our
de
pri
We
to
mit
sub
not
d
nee
man
a
t
tha
ns
mea
m
edo
fre
y
all
ent
Fundam
being pushed around. And yet we find men—hundreds and
thousands of men—being physically pushed around and
ng
bei
men
d
fin
We
s.
tie
ivi
act
on
uni
of
e
aus
bec
n
trampled upo
e
pit
des
,
ons
uni
in
ing
ain
rem
o
int
or
ons
uni
g
nin
joi
o
coerced int
d
fin
We
es.
enc
sci
con
and
nts
gme
jud
own
ir
the
of
the dictates
ply
com
not
do
y
the
if
s
job
of
loss
h
wit
d
ene
eat
thr
ng
bei
men
ket
pic
s
mas
d
fin
We
.
der
lea
on
uni
the
of
ons
cti
with the instru
s
ker
wor
ce
offi
g
tin
ven
pre
g,
kin
wor
m
fro
men
ng
nti
eve
—pr
ing
oropp
an
of
ive
cut
exe
an
ing
riv
dep
ces,
offi
ir
the
ng
chi
rea
from
man
who
men
y
ver
the
of
roll
pay
the
te
ple
com
to
n
eve
tunity
the picket lines.
So long as public conscience and the laws of the land permit
hatred which overflow into other
establishment of industrial peace.
L
A
I
C
O
S
EE
19
.
s
r
e
r
u
t
c
a
f
u
n
a
M
of
n
o
i
t
Associa
epr
re
to
,
s
e
e
y
o
l
p
m
e
e
tv
se
to
is
s
n
o
i
n
u
of
e
s
o
p
r
u
p
The very
e
th
h
c
i
h
w
in
r
e
n
n
a
m
e
th
in
g
n
i
n
i
a
g
r
a
b
ve
ti
ec
ll
co
in
sent them
y
r
a
t
n
u
l
o
v
be
d
l
u
o
h
s
s
n
o
i
n
u
in
p
i
h
s
r
e
b
m
e
M
.
e
r
i
s
e
d
employees
er
co
to
t
ec
bj
su
be
t
no
d
l
u
o
h
s
e
H
.
e
e
y
o
l
p
m
e
e
th
of
on the part
p
i
h
s
r
e
b
m
e
m
n
e
h
W
.
s
e
e
y
o
l
p
m
e
or
s
r
e
y
o
l
p
m
e
of
rt
pa
cion on the
e
th
be
to
es
as
ce
n
o
i
n
u
e
th
,
y
r
o
s
l
u
p
m
o
c
s
e
m
o
c
e
b
n
in the unio
.
r
e
t
s
a
m
l
ia
or
at
ct
di
s
hi
s
e
m
o
c
e
b
d
n
a
e
e
y
o
l
p
m
e
e
servant of th
s
e
m
o
c
e
b
rs
ce
fi
of
n
o
i
n
u
to
e
c
n
e
i
v
r
e
s
b
u
s
,
s
n
o
i
t
i
d
n
o
c
h
c
u
s
Under
n
e
i
c
s
n
o
c
or
n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
of
cy
en
ci
fi
ef
n
a
h
t
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m
i
e
r
much mo
e
th
r
fo
e
ic
pr
h
g
i
h
a
s
y
a
p
c
i
l
b
u
p
e
h
T
.
e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
of
tiousness
.
cy
en
ci
fi
ef
in
ss
lo
g
n
i
t
l
u
s
re
in
s
e
e
y
o
l
p
m
e
e
th
to
l
a
t
n
e
m
i
r
t
e
d
p
o
h
s
d
e
s
o
l
c
e
th
is
y
Not onl
,
t
t
o
c
y
o
b
n
o
i
n
u
e
h
T
.
s
e
s
u
b
a
y
n
a
m
of
e
s
u
a
c
ot
ro
e
th
is
volved: it
y
r
t
s
u
d
n
i
d
n
a
,
s
n
o
i
n
u
in
g
n
i
r
e
e
t
e
k
c
a
r
,
ke
ri
st
l
a
n
o
i
t
the jurisdic
e
r
o
m
h
c
u
m
d
n
a
s
u
o
r
e
g
n
a
d
e
r
o
m
h
c
u
m
e
m
o
c
e
b
g
n
wide bargaini
r
e
w
o
p
l
ia
or
at
ct
di
e
th
h
t
i
w
d
e
n
i
b
m
o
c
n
e
h
w
h
t
i
w
difficult to deal
of the closed shop.
20
SOCIAL
ACTION
YS
Government
SOCIAL
sss
Intervention
have seen very clearly that the possibility of government intervention—whether it be by way of compulsory arbitration, labor
courts, mediation boards or so-called fact-finding boards—does .
not prevent strikes, but it does encourage the parties to avoid
the burden of settling their own problems. Genuine collective
bargaining would be encouraged if it were made clear that the
responsibility for settlement rests squarely with labor and management and that the government will take no part in the proceedings.
Cooperation versus Conflict
So great is the area of mutual interest between labor and
management that, if it were not for external sources of friction,
it is almost certain that labor and management would solve
on the basis of their mutual
21
sSSnSNSSn
There is very little likelihood of labor and management
working out their problems sincerely and effectively so long
as there is a likelihood of government intervention. If either
party can run to the government and ask to be bailed out of an
embarrassing situation, there is little incentive to assume full
responsibility for bargaining collectively in good faith. We
their problems
ACTION
interests, rather
than continue battling with each other over those areas in which
their interests differ.
The use of force and violence on either side creates only
resentment and the determination to use force on the other side.
Mass picketing creates more problems than it can ever solve.
Violent, ill-tempered accusations, unwarranted charges of bad
faith, vilification of one party by another, insidious propaganda
—all these are the antithesis of cooperation. Some of these actions can be regulated by law. Many of them, however, require
a different concept of the role of the union—a constructive
concept rather than the idea that the union is merely a vanguard of the proletariat in a class struggle.
As this is being written, the country is observing Brotherhood
Week. Brotherhood is more than tolerance with reference to
race, creed and religion. Brotherhood involves a sympathetic
appreciation of the dignity and the personal freedom of all
men. The attempt to invent class stratification in American
society and then to set class against class is just as dangerous
and can be just as fatal as racial or religious discrimination.
The labor movement can make a far greater contribution to
peace, prosperity, and freedom by seeking to find constructive
solutions to the real problems of workingmen than it can by
creating friction, dissension, and class warfare.
Removal of Obstacles
These many obstacles to peaceful settlement of labor-management problems can be eliminated. Some of the obstacles require
legislative action. Some require a more constructive attitude on
the part of unions and union leaders. Some require a more
enlightened view on the part of elements of management.
Legislative solutions can be found and will unquestionably
help in creating the kind of atmosphere in which labor and
management can solve their problems peacefully. Removal of
the protection of law from those who participate in unjustified
strikes or other anti-social actions will go a long way to create
that atmosphere. Appropriate legislation to prohibit violence
and coercion, to outlaw the union boycott, industry-wide bargaining and compulsory unionism would remove some of the
chief sources of industrial strife.
Beyond that point, a more enlightened attitude on the part
of union leaders, a greater concern about the welfare of all the
people rather than organized groups only, can lead to the most
productive era of industrial peace this country has ever seen.
Management, too, can do even more than it has already done
in the direction of wages based on increased productivity, work-
ing conditions designed to protect the health, dignity and self.
respect of individual employees, ever-greater stabilization of
employment, and the fullest possible exchange of views and
information between management and its employees.
We are a nation seeking magic formulas and shortcut solu-
SOCIAL
22
ACTION
SOCIAL
a
The
s.
ike
str
of
on
sti
que
the
to
on
uti
sol
h
suc
no
is
re
The
tions.
problem is as complex
ships between man and
be made along a wide
panacea. The solution
ACTION
23
EE
The Lag in Protestantism
the
th
wi
e
pac
ep
ke
to
led
fai
has
,
rly
ula
tic
par
Protestantism,
beve
ha
s
ie
it
un
mm
co
al
ri
st
du
in
nba
ur
h
ic
social change by wh
tes
Pro
e.
tur
cul
an
ic
er
Am
the
in
t
an
rt
po
im
ly
ng
si
ea
cr
in
come
h,
is
gl
En
the
th
wi
t
en
in
nt
co
an
ic
er
Am
the
on
d
ive
arr
tantism
as the tremendous variety of relationman. The approach to a solution must
front. There is no hope in a single
requires patience, thoughtfulness, and
an understanding of the fundamental problems. Above all, the
us
cio
pre
the
of
t
cep
con
our
to
d
hol
we
t
tha
es
uir
req
on
soluti
y
gel
lar
o
wh
d
an
ly
ear
e
her
got
o
wh
sh
ri
-I
ch
ot
Sc
Scotch and
the
of
end
the
At
’.
n’
ca
ri
me
“A
led
cal
n
ter
pat
al
set up the cultur
And
y.
nit
dig
n
ma
hu
and
m
edo
fre
n
ma
hu
l
dua
ivi
ind
in
values
w
ne
the
of
t
en
hm
is
bl
ta
es
the
of
e
tim
the
at
and
colonial period
it requires a passionate dedication to the welfare of all of the
.
sts
ere
int
l
cia
spe
of
ion
mot
pro
e
mer
the
n
tha
her
rat
,
people
t
cen
per
95
n
tha
re
mo
s
wa
h
ic
wh
p,
ou
gr
al
tur
cul
republic this
h
tis
Bri
t
cen
per
90
d
an
75
n
ee
tw
be
e
er
wh
me
so
o
rural, was als
al
rur
the
for
g
lo
ck
ba
the
d
he
is
rn
fu
le
op
pe
e
Protestant. Thos
s.
on
ti
ra
ne
ge
er
rm
fo
of
a
ic
er
Am
wn
to
lal
sm
and
.
ce
pa
pt
ke
t
no
s
ha
m
is
nt
ta
es
ot
Pr
d
an
d
But America change
l
vi
Ci
e
th
ng
ri
du
n
ga
be
t
ur
sp
e
Th
.
ed
We became industrializ
A Minister’s View point
THE WORKER AND
THE CHURCH
War,
me
ca
be
it
s
0’
’8
d
an
's
70
18
e
th
ng
ri
du
and
an industrial
s,
se
es
oc
pr
l
ee
st
h
rt
ea
-h
en
op
d
an
er
em
ss
Be
e
revolution. With th
By Marshal Scott
dif
is
s
ike
str
to
ves
ati
ern
alt
ing
vid
pro
in
e
rol
’s
rch
Chu
The
ferent from that of either management or labor. It has two
e
mat
cli
e
om
es
ol
wh
and
h
hig
a
e
vid
pro
uld
sho
it
t,
firs
s:
ect
asp
k
see
t
mus
it
,
ond
sec
,
and
,
des
itu
att
lic
pub
and
y
it
un
mm
co
of
e
enc
sci
con
ian
ist
Chr
the
h
ic
wh
in
ts
pec
res
the
im
cla
pro
and
out
the
of
ss
ine
bus
the
not
is
It
ms.
ble
pro
l
ria
ust
ind
on
up
bears
l
ria
ust
ind
of
r
ato
itr
arb
or
or
at
di
me
the
be
to
Church as such
the
be
l
wil
s
thi
en
wh
es
tim
be
l
wil
re
the
gh
hou
alt
disputes,
of
ss
ine
bus
the
is
it
her
Rat
n.
me
ch
ur
ch
r
ula
tic
par
function of
es,
put
dis
of
el
lev
the
ve
abo
rd
nda
sta
a
ish
abl
est
to
the Church
.
led
and
d
nge
lle
cha
be
can
nt
me
ge
na
ma
and
by which labor
ch
ur
Ch
the
ce,
pea
l
ria
ust
ind
for
re
he
sp
mo
at
the
To create
o
int
ve
mo
to
e
hav
l
wil
It
.
ngs
thi
two
st
lea
at
do
to
will need
e
cor
y
ver
the
at
elf
its
ish
abl
est
and
y
it
un
mm
co
l
the industria
e
at
tr
ns
mo
de
to
e
hav
l
wil
it
and
ry,
ust
ind
in
ple
of the life of peo
e
lif
nal
tio
upa
occ
’s
man
a
in
e
tiv
era
imp
as
that religion is just
ys
pla
and
eps
sle
and
s
eat
he
e
er
wh
e
lif
e
vat
pri
his
as it is in
with his family.
the
at
ons
ati
Rel
l
ria
ust
Ind
of
ute
tit
Ins
ian
ter
sby
Pre
the
ing
end
Ministers att
t,
Scot
L.
l
sha
Mar
.
Rev
r.
ina
sem
a
for
t
mee
y
Cit
k
Yor
New
in
ple
Tem
Labor
Dean of the Institute, directs the discussion.
|
mr
24
SOCIAL
ACTION
SOCIAL
the development of petroleum, electricity, internal combustion
motors, food processing and subsequent combinations of inventions and manipulations of machinery, we became a great industrial nation.
The Rise of Cities
With it we became an urban nation. Industry was built
around factories. People moved into cities and small cities became great cities. From 1880 to 1890 New York grew in population from a million to a million and a half. Chicago grew
from half a million to a million. From 1870 to 1900 Boston increased its population 124 per cent, Chicago 470 per cent, Cleveland 310 per cent, Minneapolis 1460 per cent and Omaha 536
per cent. Today about 60 per cent of the people of the United
States are urban dwellers,
12 or 13 per cent live in cities of
over a million population, nearly 30 per cent in cities of over
100,000.
We became a conglomerate nation. While
the farms to go to the new industrial cities,
really filled the new industrial cities were
During the years of the great expansion of
many youth left
the people who
new immigrants.
industry and of
the rise of the cities, millions of new Americans came to the
United States. Most of these were peasants from southern and
eastern Europe. They did not speak the English language. They -
did not share the tradition of English common law. English
Puritan customs were unfamiliar to them. They were brought
here to be industrial workers. This was the “labor market,”
always flooded to keep costs of production down. To survive,
the new workers gathered in lumps in our cities. Remnants of
these lumps remain.
Non-Protestant Immigrants
Most of the new Americans were non-Protestant. Therefore
the congested areas around industries, which frequently became
slums, were looked upon by the older Americans, the Protestant
Americans, as ‘foreign’ communities of Catholics and Jews.
Protestants frequently looked benevolently and paternalistically
ACTION
25
on these communities, and willingly sent missions to them. But,
on the whole, Protestant America did not really know how
these people lived. Nor did it understand the implications
of the Christian faith in the lives of industrial workers.
Today, just about half the people of this nation are religiously affiliated (52.5 per cent, according to figures released by the
Department of Research of the Federal Council of the Churches
of. Christ in America). Of that half the Roman Catholics and
Jewish people constitute between a third and a half. Protestant
strength still tends to lie in rural, small-town and suburban
areas. It tends to be weakest in ite communities where industrial workers live.
The Protestant Church Must Move
Thus it would seem that the first responsibility of the
Protestant Church is to move into and /ive im industrial com-
munities. We will never realize our potential role in industrial
relations, nor will we influence decisively the climate of opinion
in industrial communities, nor will our voice merit very much
respect, while we remain in an aloof and abstract position. Our
Christianity has to become identified with the lives of industrial
workers as well as with the lives of owners and managers before we know what we are talking about and before we will
be trusted. The identification of Protestantism with middleclass respectability and secular conservatism has brought our
moral judgements under suspicion and has stifled the spirit of
concern for all men. We must minister among a// the people
if we are not to be hampered morally by a segment of the
people. We are not ministering to all the people. until we have
gone among industrial workers;
=<"
:
It will not be enough just to live with the —
of biinestiy:
workers and owners. It is necessary to go the further step of
demonstrating that Christianity is just as vital and necessary
where men work as where they eat and sleep. This is true
whether the man pushes a wheelbarrow, runs a lathe, supervises a layout or determines policy in a board room.
26
SOCIAL
Religion and Work
In rural and handicraft
stages of our development
we usually recognized that a
man’s religious life and his
work life were related. The
craftsman, for instance,
owned his own shop, owned
his own tools, bought the
wood or leather or cloth
which he processed. He laid
out his own designs, determined his own speed and
hours of work and set the
standards of honesty for his
product. The development of
skill, standards of integrity
and the diligence with which
he worked were obviously
virtues in which religion and
his work came together.
SOCIAL
ACTION
MINISTERS'
SALARIES
The
Congregational
Christian
Churches
in the United
States
through the Executive Committee
have approved a national minimum
scale for pastors’ salaries in the
churches of that denomination of
$2,000 for rural and $2,400 for
urban pastors, plus house, car expense, official telephone and annuity pension dues. This is a sharp
lift of pastoral remuneration. A
careful study just completed reveals
that of the total of 3,640 pastors,
488 receive an annual cash wage
under $1,000; 555 receive from
$1,000 to $1,500 per year; 820 receive from $1,500 to $2,000; 798
receive from $2,000 to $2,500; and
987 have annual salaries of $2,500
or more.
Mr. James H. Compton, chairman of the Committee on Ministers’ Salaries for the denomination, says in support of this nationwide movement: ‘No minister can
do effective work in his parish and
shepherd his people when constantly worried about financial affairs.”
The situation in modern mass production with power-driven
machinery is entirely the opposite. Most men and women are
no longer self-employed. This is true from the executive head
of the corporation down to the maintenance gang. But the de-
gree to which it makes life difficult varies according to the
level of the man’s position or the pay he gets. More and more
semi-skilled and unskilled workers spend their work life in
shops that they do not own, with tools that they do not own,
processing materials that they do not own, mechanically following a pattern which they did not lay out and which they must
not vary (since the idea is to ‘standardize’ the product), and
having nothing to say about the integrity with which the
product is sold. They do not determine when the factory will
run and when it will close down, and only the naive or obscur-
ACTION
|
|
27
antist talks about the freedom of workers to go to another job
whenever they wish.
|
Responsibility in Industries
|
It is assumed in this secular age that “business is business
and religion just isn’t practical in business’ or “politics is
politics and you can’t mix ‘religion and politics.” Industry has
become largely amoral. The management is hired to execute
the policies of the board of directors; the board of directors is
responsible to the stockholders; the stockholders may be real
people but as a corporate group they are, by and large, inactive
and non-participant in policy decisions. It is practically impossible to pin moral responsibility on impersonal corporations.
And the men who work, as individuals, tend to accept this
amoral scheme. From president to machinist-helper they believe themselves helpless in the system. Religion is considered
to be an individual matter that concerns the life of the man
when he is at home. Thus it is that kind, generous and pious
men at home and in church can be ruthless in the plant. Of
course there are men who endeavor, usually with great diffhculty, to be Christian in their occupational life but, by and
large, there is little connection. Most men leave God and Christ
at home when they go to work. The first responsibility of the
Church is to understand that we will never convert all men until
we convert all of a man. This is the climate to be created.
The Challenge of Freedom
What, then, is this Christian conscience in industrial relations? First, it will have to be concerned with a man’s freedom
if he is to be held morally responsible. Freedom may vary in
different circumstances. The freedom of a rancher on a Texas
plain to burn down his barn or throw the garbage out the back
door or let his boy toot a trumpet on the back porch does not
mean that the urban dweller has the same freedom to set fire
to his flat or toss his garbage out the window or toot his horn
on the fire escape. One
man’s
freedom
leaves off where
the
other man’s freedom begins. The wholesome freedom of rural
28
pee
SOCIAL
ACTION
SOCIAL
and handicraft individualism may be vicious and sinful in the
congestion and interdependence of urban-industrial life.
This does not mean
that the alternative. to individualism is
soviet collectivism (although some of our reactionaries of the
laissez-faire school and the Communists both think so). The
problem of Christian conscience in today’s culture is to preserve
the free individual personality in situations so complex that
practically everything he does touches the lives of other people.
In industrial relations this means that. a system of democracy
must be found, just as America fought for a system of political
democracy a century and a half ago. Such a concept challenges
the rule of absolute autocracy in industry, just as it challenged
the’ rule of absolute monarchy in government. In the United
States, political democracy has taken the form of representative
government. The people choose representatives who meet and
ACTION
29
framework. There is no right to profit which comes at the cost
of human exploitation. Upon this the Christian will insist.
Likewise, workers who are free to insist upon wages and conditions of work that provide ‘“‘decent standards of living’ must
recognize that their power and their demands must always be
set in a social framework. They have a responsibility to the
investors and to the community, not to workers alone.
Power is right only so long as it is disciplined by conscience.
The solution lies not in putting strings upon power, for power
never can be tied, but the solution lies in disciplining power.
with conscience. The only free people are the people who discipline themselves. Laws, insofar as they truly express the will of
the people, are necessary and good to restrain abuses, but laws
are never a substitute for conscience. True freedom in industry
decide upon the rules. The people abide by these rules, but are
always free to choose new representatives when they are dissatisfied. Basically the labor union movement in this country is
comparable to our representative, legislative structure. Since
the Church desires to hold men morally responsible it will have
to uphold some such system which provides freedom of choice
and self-determination. The men who work, through elected
representatives, must have
a voice equal
the rules by which they work.
with
management, in
The Claims of the Community
But if the Church upholds a system, however new it may
seem to be, which provides the opportunity of choice and responsibility, then it must also insist upon moral action. This
means that workers and management together must decide
upon policies and meet controversial issues with a higher regard than their own particular interests. The men who represent investors and who decide the policies which. management
is to execute will have to recognize not only their responsibility
for profit to the investors, but also their responsibility to the
workers and to the community. Profits must be set in.a social
A class of ministers on a field trip arranged by the Presbyterian Institute of
Industrial Relations, Labor Temple, New York City, observes conditions of
work in a garment factory.
——
SOCIAL
30
comes
when
both
workers
and
SOCIAL
ACTION
management
make
up
their
minds to work out their problems honestly together in the total
social setting.
Strategy of the Church
It is the responsibility of the Church to speak out, specifically
but fairly, against injustices perpetrated by management or labor
or both, as they may occur, but primarily it is the Church's responsibility to keep insisting upon the /arger social righteousness. The Church may go about this in a number of ways.
One experiment that is being conducted is the Presbyterian
Institute of Industrial Relations. This is a project of the Board
of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. Late
in 1944 the Institute was established and Labor Temple in New
York was taken over as the center for the new program. Primarily it is a training center for Church leadership. Groups of
ministers and mission workers are brought to the Institute for a
month of residence study. Two extension terms are held, one
in Chicago and one in San Francisco. One term each year is
conducted for theological students. Background courses are
given, and field trips are taken to factories, to union organizations, to management associations and to various social institu-
tions. The course leads to a study and discussion of the Church’s
role in the urban-industrial community. It is not the purpose
of the Institute to train labor arbitrators. It is rather the purpose to give a newly consecrated and realistic ministry in industrial communities. It is hoped that within five years several
hundred ministers will have a new vision of the opportunity
in industrial communities and will have a few of the basic
tools for an effective new ministry.
Other efforts are closer to a particular situation such as the
industrial chaplaincy service provided in Cleveland through the
Rev. Francis B. Sayre, Jr., under the Episcopal Diocese and the
Protestant Ministers Association. Or there is the work of the
Rev. David Burgess under the Congregational-Christian Board
among agricultural workers of the South. Or, again, there is the
ACTION
31
work of the Rev. Richard Smith and his associates among the
coal miners of West Virginia. There are many others.
Most especially, the Church’s role involves having countless
neighborhood churches in all kinds of communities proclaiming and /iving a Christ-like faith, which means talking and
practicing it where men work. It will take Christian men to
have the insight to see the evils of our industrial system, and
to have the courage to change not only men but also evil structures and practices in industrial relations. Then we will reduce
the discord, fear and bitterness that sometimes result in strikes.
RECOMMENDED
READING:
Report of the Pittsburgh Study Conference on
the Church and Economic Life. Order from The Federal Council of the Churches
of Christ in America, Industrial Relations Division, 297 Fourth Avenue, New
York 10, N. Y. 15 cents a copy. Quantity rates.
Saet
See
The upward movement of labor in America in the last fifty
years has been toward a larger share in the productive life of
our society. But a larger proportionate share in the product of
our industrial effort must mean a larger share of responsibility.
This means not only that the right to work involves the duty
to work, and that the right to strike involves unions in the
duty to strike or not to strike as sound economy and reasonable
justice dictate. Far more, it means that labor must share in the
determination of its own destiny. In places this way may mean
profit-sharing plans. To share profit-and-loss identifies the
otherwise competitive interests of labor and management, and
tends to produce team work. But it must also mean labor participation in management decisions. Labor must be democratically represented on boards of management, and prepared
by education and experience for effective participation in decisions. Nothing less than this can reconcile our industrial
economy with the democratic tradition. This way lies industrial health and peace for America.
Social Action to Increase Price
Social Action and Washington Report like most liberal and religious
publications are published as educational services. They seek to keep
prices down and quality up in order to reach as wide an audience as
possible.
At no time in the publishing history of Social Action and of Wash-
ington Report have their subscription prices met all the editorial, print-
ing and distribution costs. During the past three years, these costs have
risen steadily and rapidly. They have now gone so high that we must
raise the subscription price of Social Action for one year from $1.00 to
$1.50 and for Washington Report from 50 cents to $1.00. These prices
will be effective June 1, 1947. We will accept new subscriptions and
renewals at present subscription rates until that date, including renewals
for present subscriptions which do not end before that time.
We believe that our readers, knowing the facts, will desire to assume
greater responsibility for our publication costs so long as the costs of
printing and distribution remain at present levels or go higher.
RATES,
EFFECTIVE
7 issues
$1.00
1 yr., 10 issues
$1.50
14
.
$2.00
2 yr.,\.20. issues
$2.75
(introductory offer to
new subscribers)
issues
Bulk
|
rates:
2-9 copies
ep
10-49
50 and
up
©
Combined
10¢
15¢
.
1, 1947
Washington Report
Social Action
Single copy
JUNE.
15¢
each
12¢
-each
10¢
each
1 yr. $1.00
1 vr, $2.50
2 yt, $1.75
2 yr. $4.50
Charge to the account of.
} CLASS: OF SSRVICE DESIRED
ESTIC
BLE
DOMESTIC
A
TELEGRAM LA ORDINARY
Pe |_|
LETTER
SERIAL
NIGHT
LETTER Gs
Patrons
should
1206
check
DEFERRED
NIGHT
~ LETTER
class
of
a
ACCOUNTING INFORMATION
'
RATE
Pe
CHECK
mo
Sy
Pe
TIME
service
desired; otherwise the message will
transmitted as a telegram or
ordinary cablegram.
be
A.
N.
WILLIAMS
PRESIDENT
Send the following telegram, subject to the terms on back hereof, which are hereby agreed to
Liston Pope,
January 20, 1947
FOR
VICTORY
BUY
WAR BONDS
TODAY
_
Editor
Social Action Magazine
L109 Prospect: Street
New Haven 11, Conn.
Have mailed
one copy of requested article
alternative
airmail special and another via special delivery,
trust
FILED
to strikes via
Regret delay and
you receive in time,
Walter P. Reuther,
UAW=CIO
president
{[
|
:
Gtenting a ae
New York City.
the office,
of—our
Unfortunat
some/¢
arch 1 issue,
on "Alternatives to
> te de it for you, and will
letore your deadline of the 20th
ise
ppesicing
date at Yale Divinity School,
my schedule is so uncertain, and the
gry / activities
nak
so great at that time,
that
I
commitments at the present moment.
Sincerely yours,
.
JAN
Editorial Office
SOCIAL ACTION
~_» 409 Prospect Street
aven
11, ; Conn
New ew Have
1947
—
tor
oopor
ErwFilit
Unp
ebis
KennetuMiii
°
ON
TI
AC
AL
CI
SO
R
FO
L
CI
UN
CO
E
TH
a
ric
Ame
of
tes
Sta
ted
Uni
the
of
es
rch
Chu
ian
ist
Chr
al
ion
of the Congregat
289 Fourth Avenue — New York 10, N. Y.
a
?
Walter
Mr.
Reuther
United Automobile Workers
411 West Milwaukee
Detroit 2, Michigan
Dear
x
nn
|
-
|
ee
Street
11, Conn.
3, 1947
,
Reuther:
Mr.
Under date of December
brief article for the March
7, I wrote to you to ask whether
issue of SOCIAL ACTION magazine,
on
like
tives
Prospect
New Haven
January
|
UA
CIO
409
to
Strikes.”
& manuscript.
We
Not
having
should
heard
from
you,
to have
I
am
a statement
wondering
of
sbout
you could prepare a
on the topic "Alternawhether
2500
we
words,
can
and
count
I
should need to have it in hand by January 15 -- though we might stretch the deadline
to January 20 in view of the shortness of the time.
I do hope that you received my
letter, and that we may have a favorable reply from you in the near future.
To
make
myself
perfectly
clear,
I
should
sey
that
I
did
not
have
it
in
mind
that you would join the present hue and cry against all strikes as being unjustified!
Rather, I would hope you would say something about the necessity of getting below the
real grievances end problems thet lead to strikes, end trying to diminish or solve
them by fundamental rather then repressive
instead of from the top down.
A statement
strategic significance at this time.
approaches.-- that is, from the bottom up
by you on this question would be of real
I am also authorized by the Dean of the Yale Divinity School to extend to you
an invitation to lecture to our student body at any convenient time during the spring
when you may be in this vicinity.
We have a series of lectures here called the
Trumbull Lectures,
and they are given each year by a number of outstanding leaders
of American life and thought.
We should be delighted and honored to have you appear
as a speaker in the series,
at any time convenient for you between now and May 25,
except for the dates March 10515, April 1-10, April 15-17.
Any day from Monday through
Thursday
could be
would be acceptable
scheduled at either
from the standpoint
1 p.m. or 7 p.m.
of
our
schedule,
and
the
address
The Lectureship is not heavily endowed,
and it carries a stipend of only $30 for
each Lecture. We would not expect, therefore,
that you would come east especially for
that appointment, but we do hope that you will be able to visit the University in
connection with some other appointment you may have in this vicinity.
Many of our
students and faculty who heard you at the First Methodist Church in New Haven recently
are most enthusiastic about the job you did there.
3
With
cordial
greetings
for
the new year,
I remain
Sincerely
yours,
COPY
December
Mr. Walter Reuther
United Automobile Workers,
Detroit, Michigan
Deer
some
Mr.
we
Such
Reuther:
expect
to
general
articles
of
devote
topic
about
labor leader, and
you ere, but I do
for
us.
1946
CIO
the
as
issue
of
It
would
2500
words
naturally
hope that
néed
to
SOCIAL
"Alternatives
official (probably Senator Fulbright)
mittee for Kconomic Development), and
in
7,
be
our
you
in
to
ACTION
Strikes."
magazine
I
am
for March,
asking
1947,
to
42 government
, an employer \to be recommended by the Coma churchman to comment on this general topic,
length.
We
wish
to
have
a
similar
comment
first thought turns to you.
+ know how
will find it possible to prepare such a
in my hands
by January
15,
as
we
expect
to
from
very busy
statement
have
copies
of the magazine ready for distribution by the time of the big conference on the
church and economic affairs, to be sponsored by the Federal Council of Ch
urches
Pittsburgh on February 16-20.
SOCIAL
ACTION
Congregetional
magazine
Christian
is
published
Churches,
but
is
by
the
widely
Council
used
in
for
Social
several
of
Action
the
of
major
4
in
the
Protes-
tant denominations, with circulation of shy particular issue varying from
10,000 to
79,000 copies.
‘The periodical goes principally to church leaders, and is therefore
of considerably greater influence than the Simple fact of its circulstion
would
indicate.
I am having our New York office send several recent copies of the
magazine
to you for your examination.
We generally pay a cent e word for our erticles, which
Stenographic cost.
Would this be adequate compensation?
would
at
least
pay
The direction in which, church opinion in America goes with relation to
strikes
is a matter of most crucial importance, and will continue to be for several
months.
Our megazine is definitely committed to the espousal and defe
nse of progresssive
democratic viewpoints.
For this reason I am particularly hopeful that you will find
it possible to contribute to the issue concerning strikes.
os
LP/T
Very
cordially
yours,
io
ALTERNATIVES
TO
STRIKES
by
Walter
There
is
no
is
easy
area
is
no
road
the
Strikes
relations,
is
to
The
current
a
relations,
in
a
fancy
for
together
in
of
the
proclaiming
occurs
in
tions,
however,
a
of
as
dilemma
warring
there
in
each
sovereignties
of
deeper
are
the
and
illness.
sign
of
abor
brea*down
deep-seated
through
L
sickness
legislative
community
in
human
of
compulsion
struggling
to
be
witchcraft.
opinion
by
of
the
resistance
which
anarchy
to
the
democratic
gospel,
individualists
society
greed,
resort
is
rugged
precisely
claims
and
The
Just
and
power
has
fear
to
of
who
are
pushing
corporate
created
in
But
the
which
withhold
economic
wage-earners
their
labor
defense,
America's
insoluble
easy
that
basic
is
out
industrial
public
scarcity,
unions
for
an
it
over-all
ultimate
in
of
justice,
order,
exorcised
interest
For
of
the
with
justice,
community
pervasive
be
group
the
huddle
themselves
can
public
with
Stri*es
the
one
to
Apologists
that
society
purpose.
to
law
peace
manifestation
authority
environment
as
and
believe
Emyoxy
framewor?’
of
human
appeals
their
a
surface
supreme
management
as
create
to
a
indulge
devilish
how
are
against
industrial
peace
guise
To
Reuther
international
the
industrial
directed
to
in
relations are
born
to
same:
dictatorship
modern
shortcut
P,
private
contradiction
assumptions
the
public
industry.
threaten
corporate
the
of
-
government
insoluble,
laissez-faire,
interest
ig
paramount
That
is
unassailable
life
of
another
have
that
is,
They
are
when
a
dear
within
on
the
record
wor>
stoppage
Its
implica-
doctrine,
doctrine
involved
to
the
hearts
2-
of
reuther
-
alternatives
the ymxexrmxtb
exercising
will
an
to
strives
unreconstructed
absolute
automatically
right
and
to
free
enterprisers:
see>
private
inevitably
advance
the
gain,
doctrine
the
the
general
One
must
that
individual
interests
by
employer
of
Bosh
society.
The
public
has
two
interest
a
right
strires,
with
doctrines
and
If
mandatory
freedom
of
game
power
of
affected
an
obligation
is
with
strites
to
then
and
a public
private
by
true,
interest,
that
incompatible,
is
that
a public
are
not
in
understand
the
merely
the
be
placed
management
in
those
counters
of
remove
the
For
It
to
prices,
if
then
the
causes
of
become
then
hitherto
industries
wages,
the
themselves
strites,
upon
way.
industries,
and
industries
chec’
the
basic
give
the
public
those
affected
becomes
untrammeled
play
an
profits,
irresponsible
and
production
Llewels,
Nor
peace
is
and
that
welfare
In
it
industries
which
those
A
charter
will
durable-goods
Is
private
Chamber
its
of
have
corporate
current
love?
A
but
be
for
is
it
to
are
is
in
rhetorical
for
the
these
down
that
to
very
by
road,
a
rigid
those
which
least,
for
all
that
the
industries
interest
a debater's
which industrial
mart
and
the
as
it
-
or
itself
Is
sincere
commitment?
i
propose
that
the
American
people
find
out,
I propose
of
fancy
a
not,
and
goes?
a passing
point
are
N.A.M,
divesting
prerogatives
public
device,
the
in
represented
vaguely-defined
concern
basic
at
as
wal’
economy,
impossible
written,
management,
prepared
jealously-guarded
durable
to
inaustries,
Commerce,
management's
interdependent
indivisible,
between
public
our
are
boundary
the
a
all,
that
the
or
the
of
unnecessary
propose
functioning
daily
Specifically,
to
1)
A national
program
of
abundance,
security
secure
and
improvement
The
plant,
of
creation
of
social
and
but
constantly,
for
lLabor-management~
plan
legislation
freedom
one's
lot
positive
life
before
they
wages,
prices,
at
Such
in
almost
human
ends
negative
with
nition
food,
will
from
which
in
can
which
be
to
create
the
abandoned
be
point
and
the
in
the
environ-
technique
as
of
crude,
striking
wasteful
the
the
factual
in
daily
machinery
at
collective
problems
analysis
of
the
bargaining
industrial
with
the
should
for
to
serve,
positive
continuing
relevant
rather
it
acquisitive
material
and
the
than
data
by
dar’,
jmplement,
the
of
schedules,
the
to
activity
prevention
can
reinforce
production
for
relations
phase,
difficult
concern
public
involves
to
cooperation,
recognition
But
only
in
of
the
through
cooperation
interest
a basic
rather
such
than
industrial
peace
safeguarded,
of
the
enforcement
health,
by
to
solve
preoccupation
involving
justice
to
fumbling
be
industrial
levels
crisis
and
economic
compulsion
The
and
exclusive
approach,
the
bargaining
windmills
values
and
profits,
a plan
from
industry
reach
Collective
tilting
and
cooperation
5)
shift
of practical
corporation,
with
an
not
obsolete,
2)
on
interest,
process,
three-fold
a
I
cooperation:
gsovernment
ment
suggest
I
in industry.
their
of
hand,
of
out
get
industrial
the
of
paramountcy
the
things
when
then
and
now
just
assert
people
the
that
of human relations
brea’down
the periodic
to prevent
machinery
practical
up
setting
and
causes
their
removing
by
strives
mate
to
program
comprehensive
a
behind
get
people
American
strives
to
alternatives
-
reuther
3 —
real
first
of
income,
proposal
certain
and
is
that
national
general
there
minimum
social
must
be
public
standards
security
and
in
that
recog
housing,
private
‘4
on
doing
allowed
to
nullify
be
industry,
building
decent
housing
industry:
ing
contractors,
turnover,
is
done
to
be
decently
nerves
at
the
bench
and
anxiety
and
frayed
nerves
criminal
for
society
to
tolerate
the
of
That
lation
But
the
soil
and
of
us
or
call
why
bitterness
cast
free
the
off
as
step
must
be
social
needs
through
guaranteed
national
must
as
labor
of
vacuum,
the
jungle
of
xresm
They
not
to
self-see*ing
agent
of
the
deficit
and
minima
public
program
to
of
balance
underwritten
interest,
legisthe
by
to deliver
budget
governwhen
fails,
beware
shortcomings
of
of
over-centralized
and
of
gmaf
action
democratic
plan calls
passive
private
an
our
a
while
a wildcat,
determination
a long-range
staggering
we
in
in
right
the
absenteeisn,
into
charge
occur
of
or
adequate
for
over
partisan
expendable
out the
initiative
need
frustration,
-
pros-
the
assembly-line,
the
spill
not
ris’
and
enterprise,
first
government,
on
sub-
while
lament
Why
animal
wipe
the
private
Strives do
under
is
to
human
irresponsibility.
a
some
in
housed?
the
from
enterprise
the
build+-
the
associations
loan
assume
When
WH
step
agencies
elemental,
ploughed
for
government
in
contractors,
and
private
of
the
be
ment,
game
mortgage
years
of
constructing
of
paramount
is
middlemen,
satisfy
ponethbihinx
of
the
family
frayed
suppliers,
speculators,
at
and
Which
to
shelter?
grow
play
families.
period
a
over
incapable
utterly
is
it
of
estate
to
and
nothing
is
right
American
every
it
the
home~owner
pective
of
low-income
real
landlords
slum
for
demonstrated
has
constituted
presently
as
that
example,
for
The
minima,
basic
thene
to
right
citizen's
the
not
must
way
certain
a
in
profit
ma’ing
and
business
insistence
strives
to
alternatives
-
fpeuther
—
reliance
industry.
unresponsive
for
at
the
the
on
That
bureaucracy
grass-roots,
creation
of
new
government
way
and
That
lies
the
is
machinery
to
the
compensate
growth
gradual
why
to
the
of
atrophy
second
facilitate
?
oO
-
reuther
-
alternatives
labor-management
a
But
will
authority
as
unilateral
his
daily
be
by
manage,
wor’ers
Beardsley
or
as
mate
the
management
arrogates
to
decisions
intimately
affecting
the
within
is
exhorted
the
typical
the
exercise
has
worse
instead
gone
the
of
power
ponsibility
The
of
to
to
power
labor
wor’er
the
has
in
of
itself
power
the
welfare
of
stated,
the
usurpation
a
may
right
positive,
are
"file
all
bloc’ed
a
is
industrial
arbitrary
to
the
and
is
by
to
in
his
mate
worer
in
avenues
to
management.
react
the
than
act
the
after
If
of
The
Under
somex
matters
labor.
exercised,
rather
the
grievance",
withhold
grievance
go
But
ls permitted
may
worrer
things
the
rules,
responsible.
Laveete
filing
mae
leads
more
of
better,
act
be
procedure,
wrong,
Ruml
plant.
to
grievance
thing
positive
to
as
as
responsible
in
Business,
right
regarded
long
the
cases,
the
life
Labor
strites
cooperation,
rule-~marer,
community
to
In
both
striving,
road
negative,
get
to
no
res-
exercise
of
power,
The
void
absence
in
which
of
practical
management
councils,
mayer
has
a
ment,
the
public,
both
labor
machinery
and
would
Recognizing
continuing
impact
through
be
the
on
these
management
our
filled
fact
councils,
as
principle
of
"no
taxation
without
level,
interests
of
the
producer
would
collusion
sumer,
between
the
decisions
It
without
public,
the
consumer
affecting
would
be
involving
producer
would
the
be
general
Management's
drastic
welfare
to
pretend
change
in
technical
be
at
powerful
assert
of
at
the
would
that
the
higher
be
would
the
labor=
industry
as
that
the
as
rule+
of
govern-
traditional
At
represented,
To
expense
prevent
of
levels
every
the
where
conpolicy
made,
such
management's
function
creation
in
representation",
management
represented
hypocritical
a
and
fumbling
modern
would
democratic
the
by
that
lives
are
councils
could
relationship
remain,
but
would
function
to
the
assume
6
of
controlling
the
stand
in
a continuing
chec?*
possess
more
real
freedom
council
plan
than
it
solved
be
rather
on
importamk
advanced
Labor
today
function,
But
bargaining,
tation
wages,
of
program,
Under
supplemented
ment
to
to
and
the
councils
The
public
the
damage
was
ways
about
it
Will
the
then
done,
an
management
in
as
the
of
facts
today,
government
conditions,
The
This
appeal
accept
is
to
as
additional
Union
would
after
facts,
such a
plan?
be
step
and
the
basis
data
with
of
public interest
throughout
broten
If
its
there
to
basic
management
understanding,
had
appeal
respect
and
negotiations
an
with
relevant
honored
or
be
the
and
sense;
may
Manage-
and
recognized
common
the
it
profits,
representatives
dic-
in
as
over-all
the
a phase
bargaining,
and
information
on
continuing
today
Wages,
real
elementary
the
provide
third
for
collective
of
stands
it
agreement
only
collective
for
by
give
technical
only
prices,
reach
need
would
supplanted
plants,
bac*ground
not,
-
and
system
name
would
supply
would
would
interest
negotiations,
government
in
the
strengthening
the
charter,
another
seennaiines
industries
representatives
against
for
trends
major
particular
facts
future,
in
the
calls
could
considerations
essential
its
merely
is
be
wor’ing
and
of
eliminate
not
can
questions
council
The
management
bargaining
employment
full
status.
which
hours,
therefore,
the
respect
democracy
the
Cleveland.
but
would
actually
under
of a public
framewor*’
would
would
would
sense
technical
labor
public
the
power-political
by
and
Management
for
the
or
depriving
collective
for
exercises,
no
and
technical
the
Street
councils
the
industrial
of
power
without
status
labor
has
Wall
public,
actions,
in
stalemated
management
Both
the
their
and within
and
by
to
manage
presently
confused
than
upon
to
merits
their
declined,
relationship
direct
a more
exercise
stoctholders
errand-boy
the
as
function
political
management's
as
importance
greater
strites
to
alternatives
~
reuther
-
are
down
and
only
force,
principles
were
two
“8
* Seuther
move
~-
into
alternatives
the
cooperation
vacuum
for
will
that
"things
will
Let
the
people
A
national
be
welfare,
get
at
the
problem
the
prices
. It
in
cases
of
a
of
face
panding
wor’
heart
full
If
rely
instead
of
sifting
three-fold
tives
the
rather
public
move,
But
or
believe
the
time
here
shell,
sill
as
it
has
already
if
and
we
do
mobilize
create
a
mental
freedoms
of
and
law
community
order,
of
its
soon
to
act
to
in
summon
the
& program
out
warring
of
and without
.
-50—
without
facilities,
materials
lite
short
industrial
the
and
tactle
of
ex-
steel,
view
xminer
labor's
to
its
in
demands
and
management
threat
has
called
to the
whittle
if
general
output.
inadequate
to
place,
increasing
war
power
judges
preroga-
conflict,
initiative:
then
it
can
test,
on
the
American
that
become
economic
sovereignties
saddling
could
idle
is
its
experts
national
*now-how
for
editorial
our
of
the
will
behind
the
feeling
management,
conference
*nowledge
social
the
claims;
foreclose
countries,
for
potential
ma>e
the
concern
for
Management
Let's
too
a
in
and
designed
solution
answer,
budge,
other
as
put
tares
%mkm the
labor's
advanced
is
wages
capacity
legislation
of
a
basic
management
a potential
come
not
if
justice
here
is
in
no,
the
as
to
existing
class
have
refuse
I
says
plan
will
using
production
where
upon
than
the
and
labor
a
demand
of
stubbornness
of
raising
steady
freedom,
labor
Such
economy,
management
to
the
-
a
and
professed
of
voluntary
security
only
verbiage
of
question
for
employment
decides
power,
achieve
and
if
difficulties,
the
steel
out"
the
to
production,
conference
through
provide
facilities
Sali
management's
our
to
failure
sae batnehan
wor’ing
cut
to
our
themselves
purchasing
up
~- lite
to
test
of
order
could
price
could
by
employment,
a high
immediately,
strives
created
full
That
to
an
equal
experiment,
political
democracy,
empty
meaningless
to
and
our
democracy,
without
technical
We
must
destroying
men with dictatorship
funda+
in the guise
——_
wer column local 142 spotlight
‘
(G47
Moy
The Challenge of Our Time
RRA
O
bccn
Dock lh Sell
RAS RAK
ROE
Mh
By Walter P. “euther
President,
UAW+CIO
America is today the scene of a political comedy that would be
highly amusing if it were not loaded
saneite
of this
nation,
|
Let us picture
in a nt
run
with a threat of tragedy for the
|
how this drama
|
of politics
fouled up helplessly
of cross purposes would look to a visitor from another world
aocerding
to the
rules of
logic
and
sti
:
Coming from a sensible social order, our visitor is interested,
first
of all,
in seeing imma how well we use our
if the iomm human
least
possible
spiritual
the
of tools
has
and moral
to
satisfy
its
physical
needs
with the
values,
a
at America and sees a nation with kim richemk treasure
He looks
and materials
machines
learned
will
|
so that people mkkk have more time to devote to
effort,
them comfortable
skill,
race
resources, . 4e wants to see.
necessary
and happy.
to produce
the things
people
need
There is land and raw materials,
and tools--all
to make
‘
power and
in abundance—for men to use in satisfying
their needs,
Sut
of this
he
amazing
sees
only a minority
productive
sub-standard diete—they
housing,
clothing.
purses
of ordinary
because
low income
machine,
are
of our population
4e sees millions
suffering
groups
lack
He
sees
of people
from lack of food,
He sees necessities
citizens,
enjoying
of life
productive
the mummy income
surely
there
must
be
folks here
living
on
priced too high for the
machinery
to purchase
our visitor form a sane world says
some intelligent
output
medical care,
+
this is absurd,
the
mam
standing
its
idle
products,
to himself
somewhere
with
|
2eeeWpr
sense
column
local
enough to do
142
spotlicht
sonething
constructive
about
this
paradox
of want
plenty,
|
He looks
around,
and sure enough,
there is the labor movement
trying to apply the rules of decency and sanity,
members
of the
labor
and consumption,
get more
schools
the
earth
unions
They
to live together
make
are
on
and hospitals
fighting
a place
the right
Can it
leaders
the
and the
gap between
wages...to
and
teach people of different
freedom
our visitor nods
he thinks.
short,
to himself in agreement,
But
then,
as his
cone
placed
in positions
to
these
travels
he blinks to himself in
sees is really happening?
There in Washington are the leaders of the people.
bone
races
and happiness,
on Washington--and
be thatBova
production
lower prises...te
stop wars and depressions——in
of peace
track,
‘he
to close
built...to
in harmony...to
across t he nation, his fall
amazement,
are
are trying to raise
this is better,
people
amid
of trust
and
er?
They have
by the democratic
process,
it is their duty and responsibility to curry out the will of the people
through legislation and administrative directions,
placed
the social
In tied
controls governing this strange land in which riches
are locked away from the people who produced them,
What
busy planning
hands are
are
these leaders
ways
and means
to
doing. with these
banish xenon
Be
controls?
hanger
Are they
and ill health...to
close the gap between production and consumption...to
employ the power
of science
of the people?
and machinery in satisfaction
No—they seem to be unconcerned
as our visitor
are
actually
they are
looks
trying
expending
elec,
of the needs
about
these tasks,
it appears, to him that
to prevent
the
all their time
performance
and
the
of thaws
energy chaste
In fact,
leaders
in power
kak tasks,
For
the labor unions~-
7 3eeeM@pr column local 142 spotlight
the only social force on the sone
trying
toe apply logic and sense to our
problems,
This little parable poses sharply the challenge that faces labor
in
America
the needs
power
today,
We are the
of the- people,
is driving
America
only force
We understand
into
another
working to make
that high
prices
depression,
I am convinced
sense
to take
What's more,
the
by this undendbinnddaie
of action that will prevent
But we are not trying hard enough,
that
democratic
I am positive
security without
and low purchasing
1,spired
we are ittrying with all our energy to plan a pattern
the impending depression,
our economy satisfy
the American
steps
people
as a whole
necessary to prevent
that Americans
have
enough
depression
and war,
have the democratic power to win
giving up their freedom to either a fascist
or communist
dictatorship,
|
What America needs today is democratic
provide that
must first
leadership,
But,
to be able
to provide
that
to dictatorial
or the mexkemande?k
offered
of mobili —
belief in democracy,
an end to this
by putting
labor can mobilize
comedy in which
aside
selfish
our attention a solution of community purus
Every
step we
welfare.
We mist
with the
community,
take
overlook
must
the advocates
no opportunity
of our time,
the
of sanity
We can perform this
considerations
and focusing
Problems.
be measured against
not at the expense of
way to meet the challenge
that it ts
|
and decency are attacked by the politicians in power,
tank
labor
fascists
by tdci ther the redormanariootk
commnists,
American people to put
must
the Aninapirte philosophy—-and that it
doctrines
Guided by this basic
tales
leadership,
of all convince America that its hands are clean;
committed to ety one philosophy,
is opposed
leadership,
|
to prove
the. ane
that we
the commmity.
desks
of community
te
advance
There is no other
and get ‘on with the work of building
a better tomorrow based on sanity and decency,
=
###
-
UAW-CIO
CONTRACT
OBJECTIVES
I:
An
equal
Industry-—wide
industry-wide
pay for
ichind
wert
or the geographical
economic
objective
Arcreement
agreement, based
udithowt
location
regard
of the
on the principle
to products
plant,
beins
is the most
of the YAW-Cro,
The first
is
wage
Wage
legieal
the establishment
of
manufactured
important
:
step in the implementation
of corporation-wid
wagee
of such a program
agreements
in multiple
plant corporations and the equalization of wages within and between
plants in such corporations,
The second step is the establishment of
wage agreements based on equal pay for equal work in all plants and
corporations doing comparab
work within
le a section of our industry,
such
as in the
spring,
foundry,
forge
Such a master wage agreement
cover economic
and parts
must
issues other than wages,
vacation pay and callin
pay.
industries,
also contain provisions
including
night
We favor the complete
te
shift premiums,
elimination
of
piscewrk systeus ail the establishment of @ 30 beer wet th
reduction in weekly paye
:
|
ii: Union Security And Grievance Procedure
The
contracts
to
UAW-CIO
protect
favors secotiation
the
to weaken and undermine
security
of dissed
of the union
our organization,
shop and union
from efforts
We seek
of grievances
we insist
just
consideration
jobs.
We approve
workers
that
seniority be
given
to better and higher—paid
system as
a device
for adjudicating
at the plant level of negotiations.
by employers
a grievance
that will expedite the adjustment
procedure
at the shop level,
grievances that
shop
in promotion
and
of
of the umpire
cannot
be
resolved
-
~
=,
2eesuawcio contract objectives
III:
Social Security And Retirement Plans
The UAW-CIO is determined
-in written
programs
asvemunte
of their
to supplement
by federal
and
state
to secure acceptance
by employers
responsibility
to carry the cost of welfare
the inadequate
social
security benefits
provided
legislation.
Such a program should feature both retirement plans and improved
group
insurance
benefit
policies.
payments
desire to
the
to supplement
retire
when
they
retirement
social
reach
the
controls and
care,
should provide
security allowances
age
policies, covering death, disability,
and medical
plans
of
656
The
accident,
of claims,
give the worker complete
The
to workers
group
benefits
should
who
insurance
hospitalization,
should provide for union participation
adjustment
generous
surgical
ig administrative
be high
enough
security in the event of illnesses and accidents
to both himself and the members of his family--especially in the event
of time lost
from work.
IV: Guaranteed Annual
The UAW-CIO
| be an important
step
recognizes
forward
Wage
that a guaranteed annual wage would
in giving
security
to millions
of American
workers and toward removing the threat of unemployment.
We will approve
annual wage plans negotiated
employers
with whom we have agreements
seniority
employees
only if
and offer guarantees
‘ UAW-CIO hourly wage gates,
to
and without
such
by union
plans
of annual payment
sacrifice
and
cover all
at full
of overtime
or other
standards of wages and working conditions established by the union,
He
3eeetaw—cio
contract
objectives _
V:
Fair Practicesss
transfer, layoff » discipline, discharge or otherwise, becaus
e of race,
creed, color,
we
national
origin,
political affiliation,
status.
a
sex or marital
June 16, 1947
Mr,
William Werthy, Jr.
M,naging Editer
American Press Associates
112 E, 19th Street
New York 3,
Dear Mr.
Mr.
to you,
N.Y.
Worthy:
Walter
Reuther
asked me to forward
the
enclosed
Very
truly
in response to your letter of March 10,
1947.
article
I hope it is satisfactory.
yours,
Frank Winn, Director of
Public
FWshg
uopwaz6cio
Relations
SLOW POISON
by
Walter P. Reuther
Businessmen
and
sell
are
the American
pleasant
happens
to
dedicated
to the
told,
how
of words
cans
that
tons
when
of
nice
you
and
I don't
groups
annually
in
keep
before
know,
large
and
to
hurry
something
up
un-
the U. S.
and
therefore
staffs
the never-ending
busy
job
have
and put
to
niles
of reminding aAmeri;
I Am An American
Day,
Lincoln
who
Brotherhood
and the
have
just
that
we are
with
a little
less
talk
do
of July
Speeches
legislature
orations.
covenants
find
are
standard
all
the
rest
put
week
and
of our
the Fourth
illustrious
in a hard
in Washington
live
of morality;
eloquent
to “curb
bedside
or give
and
can
the
score
of
session
day
that
of July,
dead
voting
are
against
too
the
in
lives
doesn’t
in
the
a
battle
of
One
Veterans
bill
FEPC
can't
roped
and go,
daily
mouths
deed,
share.
but
knowledge
that
habits
of
not
build houses
oh caer
action.
words.
come
bitter
the
the
more
off
live
by
ih
restric-
Freedoms.
often our
life
a geek sovele-busiawe.
other minorities
Weeks
from
sharecropper
million
the Four
in
It's
a little
and
quotations
labor"
a point
ten
Brotherhood
every
Americans.
and
Jews
comfort in
forgotten,
way
is worth
Negroes,
cold
minorities
The American
you
that
reminded
Fourth
lies of
people
have
of Manufacturers
Association
to be
by a state
double
American
they
in Washington.
could
other
that
Americans.
have
passed
and
paper
by Congressmen
we
the
days
us.
These
in vain
people
tive
are.
of Jefferson,
It’s
But
to
the names
taken
the
and
to
these
there must be at least a dozen other organizationall
s,
we
ehey exe
We also
other
of Life
proposition
lucky
on
it
ree,
Comme
of
Chamber
Way
each
to the National
in addition
be
telling
the
in
make
the Negro,
America
ballyhoo.
word.
Passing
care
a trade-union
But
you
a
great.
or bring medical
Gall
has
hypocritical
departed
the
Jewish
haven't
a law
to any
a “monopoly”
tackled
any
|
2 - reuther
real
- apa
problem
column
- such
as
are too low to stop
We
have
techniques
level in
we
all
an
and
labor
There
lems,
we'll
everywhere
it
you
will
in
get
look.
They
Therefore we must act,
waite
american
and
diserimination
fruits
of
our
bench-mark
of
We must,
boom-bust
to
made
face.
that keep
democratic
our
in her
at the same
work
years,
high,
our
hi
troubles
on
and
deserve
to
eats aa
or
washed
away
be
in
the
wages
that
us
act
apart,
The
fate
the political
part-time
job.
If
can
be
if we “look
for
an
easy
the
Jews,
to
with
the
Negroes
curse.
soap.
down,
on
without
a
or
prob-
|
an empty
action,
are
slow
in our local unions,
down
from
Only
soft
legislatures,
of
new
pay
to gulp
Words,
us
as
devel oping
take-home
Devil
to break
keep
-
it.
try ing
state
well
is no
all ohip
honor.
ile must
the
barriers
grasping
FEPC
at
wherever american
of
the full,
legislation
is
pre judice
‘Pick
the
here.
time,
in which
as
in our neighborhoods,
heri tage.
progress
economy
too
assignment
economic
death
church gatherings,
face
our
to
- the
few
don't
can't
choke
poison.
at
are
democracy
ne xt
no ldessiah
all
meetings,
the
disaster,
out,
speeches
the
by blaming
stomach,
club
that
U.S.A.
on
If we
ultimately
the
the
“Making
future.
is no easy
Freedom
at
is none,
unions,
profits
work
society.
enough
there
and
in
democracy
prosperous
answer where
the
assignment
making
hard
prices
coming depression.
industrial
plug
secure
the
a major
for
the
best
| |
break
prejudice
through
and
the
bigotry
barriers of
breed.
the
lle —
monopolistic,
won
that
over-all environment of abundance and security in which men will no longer be
driven
of
by
desperation,
ignorance
and
fear to
fight
one
another
for
the
erumbs
scarcity.
Propaganda
wi thout performance
is x
slow
poism.
Democracy
has
to
get
off
this
fatal liquid diet of double-talk, doled out by NAM and other industry medicine men.
We need
ahead,
economy
the
when
solid
only
food
of
determined
from going
over
the
conerete
achievement
democratic
hill
to the
action
to
will
poorhouse.
sustain
be
able
us
in
the
bruising
to prevent
the
days
whole
112 EAST 19th STREET
’
NEW
YORK
3, N. Y.
.
ALGONQUIN
SPONSORS
MORRIS MILGRAM
H. L. MITCHELL
A. PHILIP RANDOLPH
GEORGE S. SCHUYLER
CHARLES SHERMAN
WILLARD S. TOWNSEND
March
Mr.
Walter
Mr.
1947
Reuther
UAW-CIO
411 W. Milwaukee
Detroit, Michigan
Dear
10,
er”
.
Reuther:
Back in December, Mr.
second 500-word guest
Townsend wrote to you asking for a
column for American Press Associates.
The column which you wrote for us last year can be a guide,
if you wish, for your second piece, but as usual, the subject
matter is entirely up to you..
We really look
for our second
forward to receiving any contribution
year of supplying feature articles to
from you
the Negro
Dresse
William Worthy, Jr.
Managing Editor
4-4955
|OURThe GRoUadESBeYyond COLUMN
Inflation “
By WALTER
D. REUTHER, President,
United Auto Workers—CIo
fa.
7.
Fighting inflation is a full-time job for
Americans of all races, religions, and c
reeds.
It is not a job that any one group can do
alone.
And it is a job that requires the united
effort
of all kinds of Americans. For the profi
teers
who charge inflationary prices do not d
iscriminate. They soak all sections of the
public—
regardless of whether their customers
are Ca.| tholic, Protestant, Jewish, N egr
o or white.
fraudulent prosperity, to be fol
lowed inevitably by a resounding crash.
At.a time of wholesale unempl
oyment and
breadl
ines, even a permanent FEPC,
if we had
one, could do relatively little to
check a reversion to Jim Crow employment
practices. The
teria of their fears, some
of the very people |
Who have Supposedly beco
me enlightened on
interracial matters would l
ook about them for
Or, in view of the widesp
read Anti-Semitism
in America, the political
demagogues might
take over where Hitler left
off, place the blame
for every economic jl] on
four million Jews,
But, be it Negro, Jew, C
atholic or organized
goes into an economic tails
pin.
T
|
he only language that
p
r
o
f
i
t
e
e
r
s
w
i
l
l
understand is militant’
strike action by cons
umers. The only recourse o
f tenants against unfair rents is action in c
oncert with their neigh
-
THE
The
Page
only block
inthe path of the race-baiting hate
tribe will be our rugged determination «0 prevent the economic breakdown which breeds discrim nation.
;ers
Under
from
| Price
are
the revised
already
a form
OPA,
taking
of legalized
inflation.
admin-
‘istered in Wash ng’on, is a sham.
Ceilings and controis are being lift-
ed and relaxed r-ght and left in re-
sponse to the pressure of the profiteers.
The ba‘tleground
against inflaci
The la:ter course appears illogical.
Mr. Byrnes has been a staunch advocate of states’ rights and a demagogue who appealed to race prejudice, A man opposed to a strong
cen‘ral
government
and
espouses:
the theory of
“white
supremacy”’
cannot be expecte dto be enthusiastic about a world governmen found.
and
eqne™
Mrs.
thank
thir
Ida
Madson
neighbors
kind
and
messages
and their aid
bereavement.
during
and
of
family
friends
for
condolence
their
recent
aM
nesters
Mrs
Holt
W.
M
eee
consum- "| tion is nowin each and every ne gha beating” borheod
in America—and the re-
control,,as currently
ate
-
sponsibility
for
trols rests with
policing
ind vidual
ers and housewives.
ac; collectively—on
But
the
price
con-
they
basis
must
of a
consum-
common plan of action—if the fight
against
inflat-on
is to succeed.
I.’s up to the buyer
to choose
be-
tween inflation followed by deflation, unemployment, depression and
a native brand of Fascism—or price
control keyed to a program of full
employment,
fair employment,
full
produc‘ion
and
economic
abundance.
There is no short cut to equal.ty.
The
road
‘by block
program
to it must
be built,
block
and step by step, upon a
of economic,
social and.
pu
mnerra
sey
<
bors, white or black.
Editorial
| Home
iy KR
from
THANKS
Be EMRE
Continued
Column
ee
Guest
hy
sO
-
Our
BUCKEYE REVIEW
f
Inter-Office Communication
Date
March
he 3
1947
Kelly
To
Dick
From
William
H,
Oliver
Subject
Dear
Dick,
Enclosed is a copy of a letter directed to President Reuther
from the American Press Associates requesting a 500—word article
regarding the subject of anti-Semitism and Negroes.
I would
appreciate
very much your
getting together
and I would be most happy to
will need in preparing same.
assist
Wath
from you
anticipation
of hearing
|
you with
soon
any
a 500-word article
information
regarding
Fraternally
William
Fair
uopwa—26-cio
ENC»
you
I remain
yours,
H.’Oliver,
Practices
Department,
WHO: RBL
this,
that
and
UAW-CIO
Co~Director
Anti-Discrimination
|
19th
112 Bast
New
Street
ABSEOCTIATES
PRESS
AMERICAN
A feature service presenting constructive ideas for
the eradication of anti-social attitudes like racial
prejudice
achievement
SPONSORS
Morris
H.
L.
Mitchell
Charles
Willard
Dear
human
to facilitate
in order
equality.
Townsend
|
3
December
19,
the
EDITOR
Brna P. Harris
.
.
Randolph
Schuyler
Mr.
anti-semitism
|
Sherman
S.
of
|
Milgram
A. Philip
George 5.
and
4-4955
Algonquin
3, New York
York
1946
Reuther:
_
With the publication
of Guest
Column No.
53,
American
you
soon,
Press Associates reached in November the end of its first year.
Having
written one of the columns, you contributed to the success of this
non-profit venture in supplying feature material to the Negro press.
We
would
appreciate
a
second
colum
from
now
that we are entering our second year.
The choice of topic is up to the
individual writer, but we are still interested in eradicating anti-semitism
among Negroes. _Our twelve months of
limiting each column to 500 wards.
reader
the
have
:
proved
the
wisdom
of
Our service now goes to 47 Negro weeklies and college
combined circulation of close to a million.
With our
prominently displayed each week in the publications which
papers, witha
guest columns
take
experience
service,
audience.
we know that
you are
assured
a substantial
and alert
Cordially,
/s/ Willard S. Townsen
Willard S. Townsend —
P.S.
As usual,
For your
American
newspaper
mats
(up to 47)
information,
I am enclosing
Press Associates columns.
are welcome.
an
Urban
|
League
reprint of
three
- Item sets