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Interviews
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box: 563
folder: 14
-
1949 to 1955
-
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eb AyhiO)\
mauassiCOTT & DUNNING,
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1
on
reader
service
INC.,
card
for
more
BALTIMORE
1, MARYLAND
information.
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A
What Do The
Unions Want In
Safety?
AN
INTERVIEW
EXCLUSIVE
WITH
Reuther
BML Le
Ct LLM
LL
Walter
Occupational
Hazards’ prints
this interview with
Walter
Reuther,
pres-
MM Pin
aM
ief
bel
the
in
,
CIO
s,
ker
Wor
o
Aut
ted
Uni
the
of
nd
‘%a
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ident of the
’
ons
uni
The
s.
der
rea
our
to
t
efi
ben
and
st
ere
int
at
that it will be of gre
stake in safety is large, and their increasing influence in the
.
res
atu
isl
leg
te
sta
by
and
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ust
ind
by
felt
ng
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is
nt
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safety
e
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as
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ard
Haz
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Occ
of
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nio
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are
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are
We
ee.
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Wibe
grateful to Mr. Reuther, however, for his candor
present his views as a service to our readers.
1.
Mr. Reuther, what is the safety setup
of the UAW-CIO? Is there a national
safety department head? Does he have
full-time assistants? Are they available to your members around the
country for union-management discussions involving safety problems?
union’s safety setup begins at the plant.
and safety committees have been estabin hundreds of plants, and we are actively
The
Health
lished
encouraging their further development.
Our International Union has a compensation
the
s
te
na
di
or
co
h
ic
wh
nt
me
rt
pa
de
ety
saf
and
work of these committees, gives them technical
direction, and is responsible to the union for industrial safety and health throughout the United
States and Canada. Its safety work is directed
by a qualified safety engineer, formerly chief
factory inspector for the Michigan Department
of Labor, who has had 15 years of experience in
and
are
pleased
to
In addition, some local unions have full-time
safety men who work closely with the International compensation and safety department.
The department assists in negotiating collective bargaining clauses relating to safety. It cooperates with management safety programs. It
coordinates the union’s safety activities — local
and international — with services performed by
this field.
city, state, and federal agencies. It makes in-plant
investigations and surveys of reported unsafe
working conditions or arranges for them to be
made by public agencies. It sponsors safety demonstrations and classes, and distributes safety
materials.
By coordinating our efforts with management
and public agencies, duplication is avoided, and
the unicn is able to have a much greater impact
on safety than would otherwise be possible.
For example, when an occupational disease is
discovered, it is diagnosed at the union’s Health
Institute in Detroit and referred to the compen-
FEBRUARY,
21
1955
sation and safety department for a survey of the
plant where it occurred. The hazard is then reported to the proper public authorities.
Similarly,
when
workmen’s
compensation
claims indicate the existence of an uncontrolled
hazard, the matter is referred for investigation
and corrective action.
2.
Do you cooperate with other unions
on safety problems? How is this done?
Are there regularly scheduled meetings on the subject between various
unions?
Yes.
The CIO has a very active standing
committee on safety and occupational health. It
is responsible for constant exchange of ideas,
programs, and services among CIO unions. Some
of the CIO unions regularly represented on this
committee
are the Electrical Workers,
Steel
Workers, Auto Workers, Railroad Workers, Oil
Workers, Utility Workers and Transport Workers.
Last year the committee sponsored a highly
successful National Conference on Safety and
Occupational Health, attended by over 300 delegates representing all CIO unions. I expect that
such conferences will continue to be held.
The various CIO international unions and industrial union councils also hold occupational
safety and health conferences.
It is general practice to invite all labor organizations in the area to participate. Moreover, in
matters of safety and health legislation, there
has been close accord and cooperation among
AFL
and
CIO
unions.
3.
“A new creative approach to compensation is needed. That
is why many unions advocate, at the very least, federal
standards.”’
22
Do you feel that unions should have
a representative on plant safety committees? Has management generally
excluded union representatives from
these committees?
Why?
To what
extent does your union work with
management
to bring about safe
practices?
Yes. By all means unions should be represented on plant safety committees. I believe that
OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
°“The
state legislation today is that
situation under
compensation
benefits
safety is a mutual problem that can best be
solved with union-management cooperation.
Management today generally recognizes the
need for worker participation on safety committees, but it usually tries to select the worker
However, where management
representatives.
makes the choice, even though the safety committee men may be members of the union, they
are not placed on the committee to represent
union policy. We believe there is a need for true
union representation in a joint attack on plant
hazards.
Most unions will work wholeheartedly with
management to bring about safe practices and
In UAWsafe, healthful working conditions.
CIO situations it is becoming a common practice
for investigations to be made jointly by our
health and safety director and company safety
and industrial hygiene departments.
4. Should
a joint labor-management
safety and health committee be formed? In order to enforce basic safety
precautions, should the labor members
of such a committee be above the ordinary grievance committee?
Union participation in joint labor-manage-
scandalously
are
inadequate”
should not necessarily be the same individuals
who serve on the grievance committee.
I question, however, whether the safety committee should be “above” the ordinary grievance
committee any more than management safety
departments are above management. Unsettled
safety matters should be appealed to the regular
grievance procedure.
Incidentally, I do not believe that the principal
purpose of a safety committee should be enforcement; its primary aims should be prevention, investigation, and education.
Is there a trend in contracts to include
safety provisions?
Yes. Because industry has only begun to acStandards Association safety
cept American
standards, and because state laws are inadequate,
unions are actively negotiating for collective
bargaining clauses requiring adoption of A.S.A.
standards as minimum acceptable safety con5.
ditions.
Continued on page 65
ment safety committees is, In my opinion, essential. Some managements lay down safety directives in a “Papa knows best” manner, and
wherever possible seek to blame accidents on
human failure.
I am not trying to “soft-pedal” the role of
human failures as a cause of accidents. As a
matter of fact, unions can contribute immeasurably by bringing into safety work their knowledge of worker motivation.
However, safety
progress is best promoted in an atmosphere which
doesn’t seek to place blame, but regards scientifically all of the factors which make for accidents.
It is also important for the workers to feel
that their representatives have a voice in the
development of safety rules and programs. That
is the best way to gain worker acceptance of such
programs.
|
Managements
are
still divided
major
companies
ceptance of joint union-management
mittees.
Some
in their
—
ac-
safety com-
the
Ford
Motor Company is a good example — accept the
joint committee approach. Others do not. The
trend, however, is clearly toward increased union
participation.
As safety requires specialization, I agree that
wherever possible the safety committeemen
FEBRUARY,
1955
_ “The security of working people requires a safe environment
not only in the plant . . . but also off the job. . . . | do not
for
a
moment
doubt
that
sound
measures
will
be
taken.”
23
7?
772Licle
laut GOTT
Factors
in
the selection
of
cleaning
materials
Acid?
Alkali?
Detergent?
PECIALIZED cleaning materials, when used
exactly as recommended by the manufacturers, present no safety problem. Unfortunately,
however, they aren’t always used as recommended—and then there may be property dam-
age, injury to people, even fire or explosion.
Naturally, manufacturers are anxious to have
their products used correctly. In the first place,
they have given a lot of time, expense, and
thought to developing their materials and to
finding out how they work best. In the second
place, they don’t want to lose business because
customers have bad luck when
improperly.
they use cleaners
Makers’ Recommendations
Should Be Regarded as Gospel
Manufacturers’ recommendations,
therefore,
are more than mere suggestions. They should be
taken as gospel. Following them is good business;
following them not only produces the best results,
but assures safety for personnel and property.
Properties and behavior of the various kinds
of cleaners differ widely. Alkaline products can’t
be handled in the same way as acids; nor can
solvent detergents be applied in the same way as
the other two families of cleaning materials.
Because of their flexibility—their adaptability
to many kinds of cleaning jobs—the alkalis have
an especially wide use in industry. Some of them
dissolve rust. They are employed in hot tanks to
remove oil, grease, and similar matter. In food
plants—and in many other types of plants as well
—alkalis clean walls, floors, processing equip-
ment.
Easy
Use
Rules
of
The
Govern
Alkali
Cleaners
rules for getting along
safely with
the
This last point needs some explanation.
Titration is simply a way of determining
the
alkalis are simple:
e Use alkaline cleaners only at the recommended concentration.
e Don’t make any solution stronger than is
absolutely necessary.
e If in doubt about the proper strength,
titrate.
:
What cleaner is best for your job?
_ What safety measures does it require?
What is titration? When should it be used?
24
OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
WHAT
DO
UNIONS
WANT?
Continued
7. Are you in favor of each state having
its own compensation law, as the situation is today?
...
from
page
23
The situation under state legislation today is
that compensation benefits are scandalously inadequate. Benefits generally are not enough to
maintain a minimum standard of living for injured workers and their families; nor are they
enough for economic rehabilitation.
In fact, compensation is often less than public
relief payments — the recognized minimums for
keeping body and soul together. Injured workers
are receiving on the average less than one-third
of their wage losses; and because of the many
arbitrary dollar and duration benefit maximums,
the more severely disabled receive relatively less,
since their payments may expire long before their
recovery.
I judge state compensation laws by their
performance, without any inherent preference
for state or Federal action. The comparative success of provincial laws in Canada suggests that
it might be possible to have better state compensation laws here. But, in performance, our state
laws are today very close to total failure, because.
the gap between benefits and earnings Is so great.
The long-standing deficiencies of state laws
has led to the present search for alternatives. Although I regret the trend, there is revived inter-
6. While it may be relatively easy to
work out safety programs with larger
industries like Ford and General Motors, what is the union doing to help
the employees and employers on safe200-500-employee
in
matters
ty
plants?
tan
gr
for
n
ke
ta
be
ot
nn
ca
it
e,
ac
pl
st
fir
In the
ms
ra
og
pr
ty
fe
sa
t
ou
rk
wo
to
sy
ea
is
it
at
th
ed
le
ab
er
id
ns
co
d
ha
ve
ha
We
.
es
ri
st
du
in
er
rg
la
with
to
s
ie
an
mp
co
e
rg
la
me
so
g
in
tt
ge
in
ty
ul
ic
diff
n
te
Of
.
ms
ra
og
pr
ty
fe
sa
ry
to
ac
sf
ti
sa
develop
mco
e
rg
la
of
s
te
ra
ry
ju
in
ll
-a
er
ov
the
in
buried
y
gl
in
ed
ce
ex
th
wi
s
on
si
vi
di
or
ts
an
pl
panies are
poor records.
ob
pr
r
te
ea
gr
a
r,
ve
we
ho
,
are
ts
an
pl
r
le
al
Sm
lem. Most plants employing 200 to 500 employees
rpe
su
n,
me
l
ne
on
rs
pe
to
rk
wo
ty
fe
sa
r
assign thei
ny
ma
ve
ha
o
wh
rs
he
ot
d
an
s,
er
ne
gi
en
intendents,
in
d
ne
ai
tr
t
no
n
te
of
e
ar
,
es
ti
li
bi
si
on
sp
re
other
As
it.
t
ec
gl
ne
ly
mp
si
s
me
ti
me
so
d
an
safety work,
rea
ed
in
tl
ou
I
h
ic
wh
s
rt
fo
ef
n
a result, the unio
g
in
iv
dr
nt
te
is
ns
co
ly
on
e
th
s
lier are sometime
force for safety in the plant.
R
A
E
W
T
O
O
F
L
A
I
R
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CONNECTICUT
Circle
FEBRUARY,
1955
No.
48
on
reader
service
card
for
more
information.
65
est in reopening the channels to court suits for
employer negligence, because juries are awarding damages that are many times the maximum
possible benefits under workmen’s compensation.
Unions are also seeking to supplement workmen’s
compensation
through
collective
bargaining.
Milled
neoprene
makes
Where these trends will lead, no one can
forecast today. Whether it will be possible for
the state laws to regain enough vitality is doubtful.
A new, creative approach to compensation is
needed. That is why many unions advocate, at
the very least, federal standards to stimulate improvement at the state level, although there is
much doubt whether this would be sufficient.
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8. Would more stringent safety standards and regulations slow production
and, therefore, earnings?
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No. Most safety experts agree that the
way is usually the most efficient. Moreover,
acceleration of technological advance today
great that we can have improved safety
much greater production at the same time.
9.
Inasmuch
fits, would
the cost of
thus raise
worker?
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service
card
for
more
as you favor higher benethese increases be added to
products manufactured and
the cost of living for the
Compensation for workers suffering injuries
or diseases in producing our goods and services
has long been recognized as a proper part of the
cost of these goods and services. It does not follow that inadequate compensation is a proper
charge against industry, but adequate protection
for modern plants
National
safe
the
is so
and
The American people are not, in my opinion,
deliberately trying to buy their industrial products at the cut-rate cost of inhumane treatment
of those injured in production. Anyway, they
have to make up for penny-wise policy by paying through taxes what industry failed to pay in
compensation.
As a percent of payroll, compensation benefits have declined since 1940 from 0.75% to only
0.6%. Compensation benefits now cost about a
penny an hour—less, in safer industries. They
could be increased without having a noticeable
effect on the cost of living. Moreover, because of
the long-term improvement in industrial safety
and current technological advance, substantial
liberalizations could be made in workmen’s compensation without an appreciable effect on cost.
The original intent was to cut compensation
costs by stimulating employer incentives for
greater safety — not by sacrificing decent living
standards for the injured.
information.
OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
ret eciineseecereeentnnbeniteiaeiaeeiaeennapinaneeanninsiiemianantiniamimaniatiae edinmtiainniaaenine
Would higher benefits react to the
point where they would remove the
incentive to recovery and rehabilitation and even cause malingering?
10.
11.
How far does the union go in supporting management in disciplining
workers
who
disobey
safety
rules?
Can management fire a union worker
if he refuses to wear safety glasses
where required, for example?
Compensation benefits are now at levels
where inadequacy rather than generosity removes the incentive to recovery; rehabilitation
is being retarded primarily by lack of personnel,
facilities, and the failure of state laws to provide
it as part of compensation. The amount of malingering has been grossly exaggerated.
Isn’t it time to stop putting the onus on the
victims of industrial injuries for the failure of
the state legislatures to provide humane and adequate compensation? Benefits which reduce injured workers to despair do the most harm to
their incentives for recovery.
Rehabilitation at present reaches only a small
percentage of the injured workers who need it
—only about 3% according to compensation officials. There needs to be a great expansion of
these services, and they should be financed as a
workmen’s compensation benefit.
Rehabilitation itself is one of the most potent
tools for promoting recovery and preventing
malingering. I believe expanded rehabilitation
and increased income maintenance benefits can
reinforce each other in building positive incentives into workmen’s compensation.
Where safety clauses have been jointly agreed
upon by labor and management, unions strive to
enforce them like any other contract clause. At
times, unions have had to insist on enforcement
of safe practices where an employee endangers
the entire group of workers.
However, it is not enough to rely on mechanical devices or to prescribe safety rules when
they are not well founded or are improperly explained, and when the workers have had no part
in.making the rule or prescribing the device.
Where it can be shown that there was continued and deliberate violation of reasonable requirements, even though the employee may have
been endangering himself only, the union would
not stand in the way of disciplinary action.
However, the employee must still have the
right to appeal to the grievance procedure, as it
is important to be sure that the employee was
furnished the right
and properly fitted;
them was justified;
formly applied; and
kind of
that the
that the
that he
glasses, comfortably
requirement to wear
requirement was uniwas properly advised
that glasses were required and warned that fail-
ee
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FEBRUARY,
1955
He wears prescription glasses or goggles. When June, July
and August heat hits he stops work frequently . . . removes his
glasses . .. takes out a handkerchief . . . mops his brow . . . wipes
his glasses . . . replaces his handkerchief . . . puts his glasses back
on... and finally resumes work. You pay for this brow-mopping
... at the prevailing wage rate.
StaSafe Koolpads are low cost cellulose sweatbands. They
were perfected to do away with most of ‘these productionstopping brow-moppings by absorbing extraordinary quantities of
sweat! You save money on every brow-mopping a Koolpad
prevents!
STANDARD
232 WEST
SAFETY
ONTARIO
NEWARK 4, N. J.
597 BROADWAY
ST.
EQUIPMENT
CHICAGO
CLEVELAND 10, OHIO
855 EAST 152nd ST.
COMPANY
10, ILLINOIS
LOS ANGELES 16, CAL,
2952 CRENSHAW BLYD.
67
be an infraction of the
the medical findings, with the result that workers’ rights may be needlessly jeopardized.
In general, it is a common mistake to rely on
action
instead
of
taking
the
positive
steps needed to solve safety problems.
condition
ployment
:
were
12. As a means of safeguarding workers
against illnesses not immediately apparent (such as a cardiac condition) )
would you permit periodic physical
examinations by the company?
In
the event Peet disability oe found,
would you permit job reclassification?
A long history of abuse of physical examina-
tions by company doctors and managements has
of
leading
§
to
reassignment.
§
’
-
ployer.
developed
safety.
so
that
bearing
If adequate
physical
on his em-
safeguards
examinations
which means that new workers will be exposed
to the same harmful environment.
What is needed is an integrated policy involving management, medicine, and the union.
Otherwise, the best-intentioned medical depart-
minor
ment
alone
enon
of physical examinations have been used to get
rid of employees who may be developing compensable occupational diseases, to avert possible
compensation
and
a valid
guard against the tendency merely to reassign the
worker and to leave the hazard uncontrolled,
physical disabilities have often served as a bar
to further employment. Sometimes the findings
workmen’s
have
were conducted impartially and if valid measures
for reassignment were used which would protect
the worker against capricious or unfair handling,
labor would be much more receptive to a program of periodic screening and reassignment.
But the problem does not end there. We must
given unions ample grounds for suspicion and
reticence about possible abuse of unilateral medical programs.
Instead
S
does
13.
3
would
be unable
to secure
corrective
Management feels that there has
been much abuse in medico-legal
testimony. Would the union, along
claims against the em-
with
management,
be willing
to es-
tablish, in connection with medical
schools and universities, doctor pools
from which such testifying experts
can be drawn?
In compensation cases, company doctors have
sometimes shaded information to minimize the
company’s liability for compensation.
Usually
there are no objective standards for evaluating
It is true that there is much
abuse in medico-
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Circle
68
No.
51
on
reader
service
card
for
more
information.
OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
POS
punitive
I recognize, however, that a worker’s physical
A oha bh
would
ah
them
ALLL
ure to wear
rules.
legal testimony,
to testimony.
but the problem
)
is not limited
One of the greatest weaknesses that the compensation laws inherited from the common law
was an adversary approach to claims. We have
repeatedly found industrial physicians who deliberately minimize the true extent of a worker’s
injury, just as there are some claimants’ doctors
and attorneys who testify to exaggerated claims.
This evil is vividly confirmed by the recent
survey of workmen’s compensation in Illinois
issued by the American Medical Association.
The President’s Commission on the Health
Needs of the Nation, on which I had the honor to
serve, recommended that workmen’s compensation laws be improved to assure impartial medical diagnosis. I am in complete agreement with
ee
this recommendation.
A movement toward independent doctor pools
associated with teaching hospitals and universities and sensitized to the possibilities of rehabilitation would be a great improvement.
ae
Mo eos
ON
MLLLIMELISLESLS L POD LIST DGD FVII ASD RI PL IATA MEAL AL ALT tg
et
en
2
-
oe”
15.
Would you summarize your views on
the safety movement and predict
some of its trends for the future?
We often use the slogan, “Safety First,” but
in practice relegate safety to less than secondary
status. The cost of a full-scale safety program,
and of adequate and comprehensive compensation where safety efforts fail, is a valid element
in the price of goods and services. Such a program, adequately staffed and financed, is a moral
obligation of society.
|
Much more needs to be done to understand
human motivations in the matter of safety.
Much more needs to be done in grounding safety
rules, safety equipment, and safety practices in
sound psychological principles. Much more research is needed. And much more must be done
in the way of enforcement — we are not even
using fully those safety measures which American industry and science have already developed, such as the A.S.A. safety standards.
Labor must be taken into full partnership in
the safety movement. Although labor organizations are late comers to the safety movement, as
YOU
NEEDA...
DUPOR
Chemical
No.
Cartridge
10
Respirator
Nearest thing to a gas mask!
Double filters guard against nuis-
ance gases, smoke, chemical fumes.
Available in Code ‘‘A” for inorganic gases; Code “‘B” for organic
vapors; Code “AB” for inorganic
and organic use. Supplied with
Code “‘B” cartridges unless otherwise specified. Order sample
today, $5.00 postpaid.
H.
S.
COVER,
SOUTH
BEND,
IND.
Po
“Respirators for Industry since 1894”
Circle
No.
53
on
reader
service
card
for
more
information.
One-man,‘“do-it-yourself”’
handling
equipment!
a
Dockboard
5 Ramp
Every Magcoa Dockboard is
designed for one-man, ‘‘doit-yourself’’ handling ... to
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waiting time and lifting
injuries.
Ramp-Dockboard combinations—Low dock, high truck
problem solved with combination Ramp and Dock-
board sections . . . and each
can be moved by one man.
they acquire the know-how they can be counted
on to spur its growth and to cooperate fully in its
development.
The security of working people requires a
safe environment, not only in the plant, where
2,000,000 injuries still occur each year, but also
off the job. This is a continuing challenge to the
ingenuity of American society in the struggle
for a better and more secure life. I do not for a
moment doubt that sound measures will be taken
to eliminate the violent tragedies of unnecessary
injuries and deaths. e e
FEBRUARY,
1955
—And Yard Ramps for trailer and rail loading from ground
level; moved and positioned by one man.
A new bulletin shows a variety of dock problems and solutions. It’s titled, ‘“‘What to do about it .. .’”’ and is available on request.
MAGNESIUM
MATERIALS
Circle
No.
HANDLING
52
on
reader
COMPANY
DIV.
service
«
oF AMERICA
EAST CHICAGO
card
for
more
7,. IND.
information.
69
CEESGRS
age and determination, plus
the great work done by the
Kessler Institute will serve as
encouragement
to rehabilitation
programs
and_
centers
throughout the country.
5s.
Continued from
page
15
months I could be back at work.
Now I walk with braces and
crutches
shop.
from
my
car
to
%*
the
Editor:
One of
Leon Ouellette
the
*%
**
finest
and
most
graphic pictures I have ever
seen appears on the front cover
of your November 1954 issue. I
am sure I recognize the physician as the eminent Dr. Howard
Southington, Conn.
e Several copies of the November issue have been sent to
Mr. Ouellette. We hope that
the story of his personal cour-
Rusk.
As an official in the field of
rehabilitation of disabled work-
ers, [am most anxious to have
a large size copy of this photo-
graph. Would you let me borrow the negative or the full
picture so that I can make a reproduction of it? I should very
much like to frame it and have
it in my office for its inspirational message.
Dr.
At right, Type KMI
Bradley 2-stall Corner Shower Unit with.
partition and shower
curtains,
CORNER
SHOWERS
Unit
In addition to the line of Bradley Showers of 3- and 5-stall capacities,
the new 2-stall Corner Shower Unit fits wasted corner spaces.
As with other models, this Corner Shower is easy to install, being
shipped partially assembled—saves on piping connections, and space.
One set of piping connections—hot and cold water, and drain—serves
the two stalls.
They are offered with or without partitions, and with or without
receptors to meet your needs. Transform wasted corner space to shower
space this economical way. Write today for new Pamphlet CS-1050.
BRADLEY WASHFOUNTAIN CO. 2259 West Michigan Street, Mil1, Wisconsin.
BRADLEY
Distributed Through Plumbing Wholesalers
70
Reader
Stewart
was correct—the physician pictured on our cover was indeed
Dr. Howard Rusk.
“Hearing Loss Problem”
Still Getting Hearing
with these issues, or whether
we can obtain them from some
Two-in-One
waukee
request.
Editor:
We would like very much to
obtain a copy of the January
and February, 1954 issues of
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS magazine. We are particularly interested in the article on “The
Hearing Loss Problem.”
We would appreciate knowing whether you can supply us
Type KM
Bradley Shower Unit
providing two showers that may be
placed in any corner
location.
rN ee sae
BRADLEY
Stewart
Arlington, Va.
e Inquiries
concerning
the
photograph used on the front
cover of our November
1954
issue should be sent to Mr. W.
William Zucker, Commerce and
Industry Association of New
York, Inc., 99 Church St., New
York 7. We are sure Mr. Zucker
will comply with any reason-
able
You can utilize corner spaces ordinarily
wasted. Bradley 2-Stall Corner
Showers provide modern facilities—
easy to add to present shower capacity.
Nathaniel
source in the Chicago area.
|
R. A. Pinkley
Field Engineer
Elliot Company
Chicago, Illinois
e The Hearing Loss Problem
appeared in our September °53
issue rather than January 54
and we have sent copies of the
September and February issues
under separate cover with our
compliments.
In the Chicago
area the magazine is distributed
by Protective Equipment, Inc.,
who pay us to send a copy each
month to their customers and
potential customers. If you are
interested in receiving the magazine regularly, you might wish
to contact them. Or, the magazine is available from’ us on a
subscription basis. e e
OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
Y
T
E
F
A
S
E
R
I
F
S
L
L
E
P
S
COLOR
T
N
A
L
P
R
E
B
B
U
R
N
O
R
K
AT A
Fire Chief W. S. Little of the
Rubber
and
Tire
Firestone
has
Ohio,
Akron,
Company,
adopted a new system of mark-
fy
ti
en
id
S
D
N
A
B
R
O
L
O
C
D
A
O
R
B
TWO
pe
ty
y
an
on
le
ab
us
s
er
sh
ui
ng
ti
ex
fire
bRu
d
an
re
Ti
e
on
st
re
Fi
e
th
at
re
fi
of
ber Company plant, Akron, Ohio. Company Fire Chief W. S. Little (left) believes the marking system will eliminate electrical shock hazards in extinguishing fires.
ing plant fire extinguishers so
as to avoid the dangers involved in using water-mix type
equipment on electrical fires.
Extinguishers that are safe
for use on any kind of fire are
identified by a four-inch red
band
blue
a four-inch
and
painted on the wall or supporting column above the extinguisher mounting.
Extinguishers marked with
only a four-inch red band are
not to be used on electrical
fires because of the danger of
shock.
The bands are broad enough
that employees can easily rec-
ognize at a considerable distance what kind of extingueach
in
is available
isher
™
*
!
N
R
U
B
location.
INJURIES
,
AND
WORK INTERRUPTIONS
from falling
fluorescent tubes
Here are two of them
in the White line.
specify etched
on
I
.
Tenoe
Affords
each glove.
identificapositive
records,
cost to
tion, accurate
at no extra
you.
—~
BIG
found
only
cuff
Large
YOU
Numbers
_.. the best and safest method
for the ''first aider’’ because
he doesn't touch the patient!
A
DETAILS MAKE
DIFFERENCE
SMALL
duces
re-
roll
current
so importcreepage
ant in wet weather
use.
..
C.
TI
EP
AS
,
SS
LE
IN
PA
,
H
G
U
O
R
O
H
QUICK, T
e
ar
ns
io
it
nd
co
c
si
ba
n
ai
rt
ce
at
th
e
re
ag
s
Doctor
al
qu
is
’
r’
de
ai
t
irs
“‘f
e
Th
s.
se
ca
rn
bu
present in all
e
ev
li
Re
e:
re
th
st
fir
e
th
th
wi
al
de
to
ified only
ng
yi
ra
Sp
k.
oc
Sh
t
ea
Tr
n,
io
ct
fe
In
t
en
ev
Pain, Pr
of
nt
me
rt
so
as
co
MS
e
th
d
An
.
st
be
is
th
es
do
burns
er
Am
d:
re
fe
of
er
ev
t
es
rg
la
e
th
is
Burn Spray Kits
t
ac
mp
co
er
th
ei
in
l
Oi
ic
pt
se
ti
An
icaine or Kip
y
ra
Sp
e
dg
ri
rt
Ca
re
su
es
Pr
th
wi
s
et
ck
Unit-Type Pa
sDi
l
so
ro
Ae
th
wi
ts
Ki
y
ra
Sp
rn
Bu
or Complete
y
ra
Sp
rn
Bu
ol
os
ph
ul
os
dr
Hy
d
an
le
il
pensers; Fo
es
li
pp
su
so
al
co
MS
.
ts
Ki
nt
me
rt
pa
De
Kits; Fire
st
fir
r
fo
rm
fo
it
un
in
s
nt
me
nt
oi
rn
bu
rd
da
all stan
nmo
de
a
r
fo
r
to
bu
ri
st
di
co
MS
ur
yo
e
Se
.
ts
ki
aid
stration or write for details.
Keep tubes in place with Den-El Fluoreseasily installed with
Guards,
Lamp
cent
spring
they
steel,
Stainless
screwdriver.
open for relamping or cleaning, and last
a
lifetime,
40W
For
For 100W
pply Company
CO.
LY
PP
SU
TY
FE
SA
S
IT’
,
DA
NA
CA
IN
+
ILL.
,
RD
ROCKFO
_» Circle No. 56 on reader service card.
FEBRUARY,
1955
TODAY
ORDER
A
tubes,
tubes,
DEPENDABLE
FROM
DIRECT
SAPETY
TO
GUIDE
IC
IF
NT
IE
SC
AL
ER
EN
COMPANY
EQUIPMENT
LEZ
es
INDUSTRIAL
TESTED
Hundreds
of
Circle
No.
Safety
SAFETY
Products.
Free
PRODUCTS
Catalog.
2717 W. Huntingdon St., Philadelphia 32, Pa.
57
on
reader
service
sweat
absorb
gloves
in summer and keep
hands
ter.
$17.00
$20.50
C,
C,
per
per
card.
Liner
Inner
warm
in
win-
Leather
gloves
for
Protector
abrasion
protection, tailored to
fit over rubber gloves.
WHITE RUBBER CO.
DEPT.
RAVENNA,
O
Circle
No.
55
on
reader
service
OHIO
card.
1
ACID,
have overlooked the effects of
strong acids on steel, and who
have used plain steel tanks or
drums
for storing
acid-type
cleaning solutions, have been
surprised to find their containers empty and eaten full of
holes. It’s one of those things
that everyone responsible for
plant housekeeping should
know, and still often ignores.
As in the preparation of alkaline cleaning solutions, mixing of acid-type cleaners takes
special precautions:
ALKALI
Continued from page 25
The
acid-type
cleaners
in
general are used to remove rust
and scale. They need containers that will not dissolve under
contact with the acids: wood,
ceramics,
corrosion
metal.
That last point
important.
Many
- resistant
is especially
people who
e The acid material
added
water
to
to
the
the
water,
acid.
must
not
be
the
Otherwise,
the cleaning solution may erupt
like a small version of Old
Faithful.
e Goggles, rubber gloves, and
protective aprons are musts.
e Tanks
intended
to hold
acidic cleaners should be equipped with splash shields.
Watch Out for Gas—
Titrate Acids Often
When acid-type cleaners are
used in descaling operations,
the job must be well vented, so
that the gases formed when the
acid comes
in contact with
scale and metal can be disposed
of safely. Often, these gases are
explosive or poisonous.
For the greatest economy and
safety, acid-type cleaners
should be titrated frequently.
Unless the concentration is kept
at exactly the right level, too
much
material
will
be
used,
with perhaps injurious effects
— or, on the other hand, the
cleaning job won’t be done satisfactorily.
Solvents Good for
Removing Grease and Oil
Solvent detergents are widely
used for cleaning where there
is no heat available. Even at
room temperature, they will remove heavy oil and grease deposits. Often, too, they are used
in pre-cleaning operations on
particularly tough cleaning
jobs.
With solvent detergents,
there is always the danger of
fire. Their flash points must be
kept in mind, and they must
never be heated above those
points.
s
i
D
,
t
s
a
f
s
n
a
e
l
C
e@ JUST
d
n
a
s
e
z
i
r
o
d
o
e
D
infects,
,
N
O
T
I
.
P
O
M
Sanitizes.
S
T
A
H
T
e
MOP. IT OF
n
I
t
l
i
u
B
s
t
i
h
ALL! JUST wit
L
O
R
T
N
CO
ECONOMY
More than 200 Associated JUST Er rpeears
to serve you from coast-to-coast.
_ CONVINCE YOURSELF —Fill in the coupon and
:
|
l
|
[
hudoctened
JUST Distributors, Inc., Dept. O
702
S. Wolfe
St.
¢ Baltimore
Pe
31, Md.
— Firm Name
|
Street
.
Miss
Fea
ee
Circle
72
we'll mail you the JUST 3-Minute Test
<< ———___ Kit. No obligation.
|
adobe
25 Tile.
No.
58
on
reader
service
card
for
Careful—
Mustn’t Touch!
ta
Le saens mike los tien
|
Cr aie ee
more
information.
Since they evaporate rapidly,
solvent detergents should be
kept tightly covered when they
are not in actual use.
As is true
with the alkali and acid cleaners, solvents should not be allowed to touch eyes, skin, or
clothing.
Vapors from the solvent detergents still pose a safety and
‘OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
health problem that hasn’t been
too
Inhaled
licked.
wholly
deeply or too long, the vapors
have a serious effect on lungs
and throat tissues.
Good cleaning is safe cleaning. Handled correctly, the alkali, acid, and solvent detergent cleaners all do their special
jobs well. At the same time—
again, if they are handled according to the rules—they offer
no threat to individual health
or to over-all plant safety. e e
Electric Dryers
needless towel costs!
Thanks!
(No more buying and storing of towels)
Oakite
Products,
Inc., provided editorial help
of
the preparation
during
this article.
save
maintenance overhead!
(24-hour service—no waste to empty)
SAFE Drivers
Y sk
ay)
New Fire Protection
clean-up
System for Planes
littered washrooms!
Preliminary research on
equipment which can be carried in an aircraft and which
will prevent fires from starting
after a survivable crash was
done by the National Advisory
Committee on Aeronautics.
The equipment, as it now is
being developed, is adaptable
to many planes used by industrial firms for transportation of
staff members.
(More sanitary! No fire hazard!)
you
and
their
improve
can
record
through the simple expedient of establishing a Safe Driver Awards Program. Your company’s emblem becomes a warm handshake for the
driver through public RECOGNI-
TION of his capabilities and loyalty.
If you have not already worked
out an awards program, our free brochure will provide you with all the
necessary detail, or we will be
to send a representative to see
and set up a program.
Our specialized art department
create an awards emblem that
your
identify
immediately
glad
you
will
will
product
and symbol. Our advice and design
are free.
May we suggest that you fill in and
No.
7-A
foot
Model.
switch
See, catalog
other
and
for
mail the coupon below to get your program off to a quick and efficient start.
recessed
models
Even With Just 1 Washroom—
!
o
o
T
,
e
v
a
S
n
a
C
You
Get the savings facts about Sani-Dri,
the original and only complete
of dryers
sold throughout
line
the world.
| All models carry Underwriters’ Seal
and full 2-year guarantee. Write
today!
Distributors in All Principal Cities
THE CHICAGO HARDWARE FOUNDRY CO.
“Dependable Since 1897”
Commonwealth
4225
CHICAGO,
NORTH
Circle
FEBRUARY,
No.
60
1955
on
Ave.
ILLINOIS
reader
rl
service
card.
Automatic switches set off
the system at the moment of
impact. After only .008 second,
the gas, oil, and hydraulic systems are cut off; all regular
fire extinguishing systems are
actuated; all electrical systems
are turned off; special fog is
sprayed over engine nacelles;
and carbon dioxide is applied
e
e
.
em
st
sy
n
io
ct
du
in
e
th
to
ARTS
COMPANY
742 Portland Avenue ® Dept. No. 9
ROCHESTER 8, NEW
YORK
METAL ARTS COMPANY @® Dept. No. 9
742 Portland Avenue ® Rochester 8, N. Y.
Please check the following:
[]
[]
1! am interested in the free Brochure
I would like your representative to call
(]
| would
your
free
like
more
planning
information
and
about
art service.
3
©
Write Today For Latest Facts!
.
METAL
Q
fires
will eliminate
which
DEVICES
after airplane crashes are tested with
this elaborate set-up at Walter Kidde
and Company’s proving ground, Belleville, New Jersey.
Fill out the attached coupon and
mail it today to:
Zz
Savings are automatic with Sani-Dri!
You eliminate 85% of washroom maintenance overhead PLUS 100% savings
in towel costs. In addition, you get
‘round-the-clock automatic drying service
with greatly increased sanitation. Investigate this modern trend to low cosf
automatic drying now!
Circle
No.
59
on
reader
service
card.
73
TAKE EVERY PRECAUTION...
70 SAVE PRICELESS VISION !
EXPLOSIONS...
The HAWS Eye-Wash Fountain
makes it possible for the worker himself to safely, easily wash injurious
chemicals and foreign matter from
the eyes before medical aid can be
at hand. Has the potentiality of sav-
Continued from page 27
products as the pig enters the
furnace atmosphere, if the metal is used too soon after being
received in cold weather.
The moisture in pig metal
can be safely evaporated by
holding the pig above the molten metal in the furnace for 30
to 40 seconds.
Condensation may form on
cold hand ladles used for sampling the metal in the crucibles.
It is vital that employees know
that hand ladles must be kept
at normal temperatures as well
as thoroughly dry.
If the DC (direct chill) method of casting billets is used,
workers should be instructed to
dry the bottom block with compressed air before the drop is
ing vision, reducing insurance claims.
AND to prevent dangerous and
expensive eye accidents, encourage
workers to wear goggles and plastic
face shields by installing a HAWS
Goggle-Wash Fountain—eliminates
one of workers’ main objections to
wearing these safety devices.
“Precaution” is really the cheapest thing you can buy!
HAWS Safety Equipment costs only a few cents per worker.
Write for literature today!
DRINKING
FOURTH
Circle
No.
62
on
FAUCET
CO.
STREET (Since 1909) BERKELEY 10, CALIFORNIA
reader
service
card
for
more
started.
All scrap used for remelting
must be carefully inspected to
insure that it is dry and not excessively oily.
Charging,
second
only
to
hand
ladling in its danger,
needs both carefully planned
safety procedures and well designed equipment.
In the remelt department at
Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation’s plant at New-
information.
ark, Ohio, for example, a special plant-designed fork truck
"
K
L
A
W
Y
T
E
F
A
S
“
h
t
i
w
t
n
a
l
p
r
u
o
y
n
o
i
t
i
d
con
Here’s the new mineral-coated fabric
that provides perfect traction—sure
footing—even under water or grease!
And it’s easy to apply, easy to keep
clean. Use ‘“SSAFETY-WALK’’Non-slip
Pe
ar
Fk
G
ee
eee
/ Please
KEE AMPLE.
re need
send me “SAFETY-WALK”
Sentate did Siolale information.
| S BAS eT
|
P
Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co.
Dept. OH-114, St. Paul 6, Minn.
ee
See
ee
Surfacing on stairways, ramps, walkways—wherever the danger of a fall is
present. “SAFETY-WALK” pays off
in-accident-prevention, better public
and employee relations.
a
EERE
SONI
PINAR
sa
GY
ai
cb
TER SA
i
i
655
TNA EES
kg
ek
0
ih
bo
mE LNG
ks
bee
oo
ce
oh
SAE
he
aM
ik
rk
Co
ee
aN
MURS
ke
eek
heb
sl si te pach Assis
eb
ks
We
o
owen
Ones
OA
Pe
MGI
ieee
oe
Se
[
|
|
ea
eRe
4
REG
US
PAT
oe
y-Wy Ai fe
fg
OFF
SURFACING
|
ree
See le soils sca a
.cblete
|
Made in U.S.A, by
MINNESOTA MINING & MEG.
St. Paul 6, Minn.
Also makers of “Scotch” Brand Pressure-Sensitive Tapes, “Scotch” Sound Recording Tape, “Underseal”
Rubberized Coating, ‘Scotchlite” Reflective Sheeting, "3M" Abrasives, "3M" Adhesives. General Export:
122 E. 42nd St., New York 17, N. Y. In Canada: London, Ont., Can.
Circle
74
No.
61
on
reader
service
card
for
more
information.
CO..
is used for charging.
The fork truck is equipped
with a long boom which has
flaps that hold the pig until it
is in the furnace. The flaps are
then rotated by the truck operator, who is protected from
splashes by a shield with a tempered glass window, and the
pig is eased slowly into the
molten metal.
During
pouring,
extreme
caution must be used to see
that all equipment is completely dry. Pouring troughs or ladles must be preheated.
Experience
at the
Kaiser
Aluminum
plant has proved
that
these
safety
measures
mean higher quality products,
more efficient production, and
lower accident rates. e e
OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
COMPENSATION
...
Continued from page 29
At three o’clock Harris left
the room where he and Brzozowski worked to go to the
packing room. On his return,
he saw Brzozowski lying on the
floor “staring up into the air.”
Receiving no response on calling to Brzozowski, Harris notified the foreman, and subsequently the medical examiner
was called. When the medical
examiner arrived at four
o’clock, the employee was dead.
“It appears that the decedent
was to determine whether or
not suicide was involved in the
fatal accident. It also appears,
from the testimony, that the
operator of the death vehicle,
a Mrs. Plouff, drove her car into
a creek; that her son, an epileptic, was with her.
held to determine whether or
not the deceased McMurray received a personal injury arising
out of and in the course of his
Industrial
The
employment.
Accident Commissioner said:
“T find that the decedent, an
inspector of the Registry of Motor Vehicles, several days before his death had been assigned to investigate a fatal acciThere is sufficient evident.
dence, and I so find, that the
case under investigation was
considered an unusual case.
‘Death Was Caused
By an Emotional Upset”’
‘Mrs. Plouff was drowned
and when her body was recovered, rosary beads were wrap-
‘Induced Death Sooner
Than It Would Have Come”
In the opinion
of the exam-
iner, the cause of Brzozowski’s
death was “coronary heart disThe employee was 48
ease.”
years old at the time of his
death.
|
The Industrial Accident
Commissioner, after finding the
foregoing facts, adopted the
opinion of Dr. Welch, a physician called by the claimant,
and found that the employee
“had a prior disease of his coronary arteries; that the work
performed by him on June 6,
1949, associated with the abnormal temperature precipitated the heart attack and accelerated the development of
the condition in... his heart
which induced death sooner
than it would have come”’; and
and
aggravation
“said
that
acceleration constitutes a personal injury within the meaning of the workmen’s compensation act.”
Compensation was awarded
to the claimant, the employee's
widow, for the benefit of herself and her two minor children, all of whom,
are dependents.
it is agreed,
Nerves and Heart
Prove Bad Combination
Let’s look at another case—
Walter J. McMurray (deceased)
of Massav. Commonwealth
chusetts.
The hearing in this case was
FEBRUARY,
1955
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75
ped
around
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hand.
I find
that the decedent, while in the
course of his investigation interrogating a witness, suffered
a heart attack which proved
fatal.
|
“IT am prone to accept and
adopt the opinion of the decedent’s own physician as expressed in the course of his
testimony, having in mind that
the decedent’s doctor examined
him just two days prior to his
death and had treated him over
a period of time.
“The doctor testified, in part,
that ‘I knew Mr. McMurray
was a nervous type of man;
many times he suggested that
he did not like to get into
things where there was a nervous strain; he just felt he was
not up to doing them’; and wit-
ness (the doctor) advised him
to ‘keep out of them.’ The doctor further testified that ‘the
death was caused by an emotional
upset
related
to his
work.’
“On all of the evidence I rule
and find that the decedent in
this case suffered an injury
arising out of and in the course
of his employment on October
19, 1951, and that death ensued
and was causally connected to
said injury, having been incurred because of additional
stress and strain on a preexisting diseased heart.”
Was Coronary Attack
Produced by State Work?
Still another case along the
same lines is that of J. Joseph
Lee
(deceased)
v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
In this case, the decision of
the single Industrial Accident
Commissioner was to the effect
that
the
employee
died
of
“acute
coronary
thrombosis”
while engaged in duties relating to his position and that his
death constituted “an injury
arising out of and in the course
of his employment and was
causally related thereto.”
Here, briefly, is the story of
Lee’s death: .
Lee, an assistant director in
the Income Tax Division of the
Commonwealth
for seven
years, was supervisor of its
Domicile Section. His position
was one of responsibility; it involved, in part, the assessment
of income tax on persons determined to have been domiciled
in Massachusetts,
although
they resided outside the state
and perhaps owned property in
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In a case known as the Annie
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an appeal from the assessment
made by the employee, Lee.
The appellant appeared to
own property in Hampstead,
New Hampshire, about 40 miles
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reader
service
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for
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from Boston. Her attitude suggested that it was absurd even
to consider her a resident of
Massachusetts for tax purposes.
The case was regarded as a
very substantial one. Trial was
pending in the Probate Court
at Pittsfield. There had been
investigations by Lee. and his
assistant, McHugh,
who was
principal lay witness. It was
decided that effort should be
OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
information
to secure
made
in
to be available
thought
Hampstead, in order to streng-
:
case.
then the assessment
T
$
The
McHugh, with his wife, left
HOpe ots tees Horie ied:
their
ford,
where
and
Arlington
in
home
picke
they
d
|
NEW
,
up
.. a
d
an
e
Le
s.
Mr
d
an
both
is
Th
.
d
a
e
t
s
p
m
a
H
r
fo
d
te
ar
st
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
,
m.
a.
00
9:
t
ou
ab
was
4, 1951.
town hall
The Hampstead
was closed, and they were re,
e
m
o
h
s
k’
er
cl
n
w
o
t
e
th
to
ed
ferr
in which the clerk also kept
Lee and Mcofficial records.
Hugh were afforded an oppors
rd
co
re
e
th
e
n
i
m
a
x
e
to
ty
tuni
and secured the information
they had hoped to obtain.
IT
‘
HERE
§
from
emerging
)
the
town clerk’s home, they crossed
r,
ca
’s
gh
Hu
Mc
to
et
re
st
the
.
.
.
lt
wa
re
we
s
ve
wi
r
ei
th
e
wher
ing. Lee and McHugh were obviously
greatly
pleased
.
rk
wo
r
ei
th
of
s
es
cc
the su
Hugh
knew
with
Mc-
by Lee’s conversa-
tion and manner of speaking
that he was inwardly excited.
ee
uae
ee
siete i
Lee’s wife, while testifying
to
n
a
m
a
t
no
s
wa
e
“h
that
jump up and down”—meaning
as evidence of excitement or
s
wa
he
at
th
w
n
e
n
o
k
i
—
t
o
m
e
very glad and excited by his
of
Catalog
full
iS
proven
of
j
|
ideas for merchandise
and safety promotion.
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SILVERSMITHS BLDG.
CHICAGO 3, ILL
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J
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Mr.
Upon
J
IT
1955
Page
36
BIG
y
JEWELRY
DEPT.
2
e
on
66
J. WILLIAMS
reader
service
card
CO.
10 S. WABASH
PHONE: CEntral
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talk, when he said, “We got
what we wanted, signed, sealed,
and delivered! Now we'll take
you girls to a nice lunch.”
Lee and McHugh then decided that before leaving
Hampstead they would return
plywood,
cabinets
AIR
ENTIRE HAND *
to the property in question and
take pictures of it, “as was
usually done,” and obtain any
other available information.
McHugh started to‘drive, and
shortly noticed that Lee was in
distress and was mopping his
brow. McHugh asked him if he
felt all right, and he replied, o
don’t know.”
in a_ sparsely
were
They
McHugh
settled community.
pulled up in front of a house
and
ahead
100 yards
about
stopped. He told Mrs. McHugh
to go in to telephone for a doc,
e
l
i
h
w
n
a
e
m
;
t
s
e
i
r
p
a
d
n
tor a
FEBRUARY,
1955:
-
he
SAFETY FEEDERS
Blanks are fed to press from
a safe distance of 14 inches
$3500
BY AIR
Ejects parts at
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Prices
Speed
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AIR DIVISION
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|
65
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77
‘**The door to employment
For Prompt, Continued
Relief Of Pain
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ANTISEPTIC
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closed to anyone with heart disease’’
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got out of the car and went
around to Lee’s side to assist
him.
Lee was dead when the doctor and priest arrived.
His
death had occurred within five
minutes of leaving the home of
the town clerk.
Lee had been under treatment by his family physician
for coronary insufficiency for
about a year and a half before
his death. He had numerous
cardiograms taken, and kept
check of himself by periodic
physical examinations. He had
been taken home
from the
office because of a previous attack and had had an attack on
a trip to Rochester. It was on
account of the latter episode
that Mrs. Lee accompanied him
on any distant investigations.
Notwithstanding
that
Lee
was not given to outward displays of his excitement and
emotions, he was, nevertheless,
warned by his doctor against
witnessing boxing matches and
athletic contests, even on television. Unfortunately, the doctor was not available to testify
due to the fact that he himself
was close to death.
These are typical of some of
the decisions handed down in
today’s courts. They result in
almost closing the door of employment to anyone known to
have
heart
disease,
matter
how minor or what type. Physicians can determine reasonably well how much work a
cardiac can do; but if no one
will hire him, he’s sunk.
Dr. Howard B. Sprague of
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, says there is evidence that 50% of all males
over 45 have a significant degree of obstruction of the coronary arteries. What hope for
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OCCUPATIONAL
CALIF.
card.
HAZARDS
have?
they
do
employment
state
pathologists
Competent
that even with the findings of
an autopsy it is rarely possible
to attribute a fatal heart attack
to any particular event.
“Work Is a Normal
State of Affairs”
Dr. Louis Katz, director
the
ment,
Cardiovascular
Michael
Reese
of
Depart-
Hospital,
Chicago, said:
“Work, one’s vocation,
play, one’s avocation, is a
mal state of affairs. It
normal as pregnancy and
like
noris as
eating. Therefore, work to which
one is accustomed cannot be
considered as detrimental per
se. One would have to blame
sleep and taxes (to pick out two
other unavoidable events in our
existence) as much as work for
cardiac disability.
“T cannot understand why an
employee who develops a heart
attack while at work should be
considered to have developed it
because of the work, any more
than one would blame sleep
when such an attack occurs
during sleep. Of course,. if it
can be shown that the employee was subjected to an excessive stress not ordinarily
sustained on the job, the situation would be different.
“Work cannot cause coronary
disease, hypertension, or rheumatic heart disease. There is
no substance to the fiction that
work can lead to any type of
special
under
Only
disease.
circumstances can toxic materials on a job, operating over a
long time, lead to high blood
Only under special
pressure.
circumstances can certain particulate matter in the dust inhaled in certain industries lead
to a special-form of heart disease. But these are the exceptions that prove the rule that
work does not lead to heart
disease.”
pensions and sickness insurance. The ordinary activities
of living produce the similar
circumstances to those of ema
which
during
ployment
developing
slowly
chronic,
heart condition may become
revealed. Less than one quarter of a person’s life is spent on
a job with a 40-hour week.
“Another bit of evidence indicating the lack of relationship
between work and degenerative heart disease is the fact
that in the past 30 years the
tended
to
FEBRUARY,
be
1955
a
substitute
for
white
of
males
in
this country between the ages
of 35 and 65 has doubled, while
that of the white females in this
age
same;
group
has
remained
and this increase
the
is visi-
ble only in the deaths from cardiovascular disease.
“This has occurred at a time
when the employment of women has increased very markedly. Either heart disease selects only men workers, which
appears likely, or work in industry is no harder for women
and the new
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“Not Intended to
Substitute for Pensions”
Dr. Sprague said:
“Industry should not be held
automatically responsible for
all the hazards of life. Workmen’s compensation was not in-
rate
death
Manufacturers & Distributors of Industrial Safety Clothing & Equipment
5721W. 96th ST.,LOS ANGELES 45 © Other offices im San Francisco and Houston
Circle
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on
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79
handle
THE
INJURED
with care
than work in the home. In any
event, more women are employed, but relatively fewer are
dying of heart disease.”
The need to uncover heart
disease which may limit full
employment at one’s accustom-
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It is this responsibility that
is the common meeting ground
of the industrialist, the labor
union leader, the doctor, the
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“A
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will
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Eighteen
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We
Make
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23
I?’’
Panel
‘Much Will
ees:
Your Yearly
GLOVE
Be
Called
It
in
conferences among
is
THIS
IS WHAT
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“‘WASH- RITE” DOES...
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Ship to us. We correctly clean, sterilize, COMPLETELY REPAIR, sort, reshape, pair and ship them back to you
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groups such as these that some
of the difficulties of seniority
rights, workmen’s
compensation, insurance of employees,
and the like will have to be explored and solutions offered.
It is from conferences such
as these that suggestions should
come for better handling of litigation in cases involving stress
and the heart.
A panel of doctors should be
called by any trial judge to advise him as to the merits of the
facts in each such case, rather
than to continue with the present practice of having arrays of
physicians called by lawyers on
each side to contradict each
e e
IS IT FAIR?
Cost?
LEATHER |
|
RUBBER OR COTTON
Doctors
Should
other.
BEFORE
of
What’s
in
industrial
arbitration hearings? What
are the latest decisions on
differences between workers
and employers? You’ll find
out next month—and every
month thereafter—by reading the brand-new Occupational
It
GUARANTEED
new
Hazards
Fair? — A
feature,
Case
‘‘Is
Taken
From
the
Files
of
the
American Arbitration Asso1412-26
80
CORNELL
Circle
No.
72
AVENUE
on
reader
- INDIANAPOLIS
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for
more
2, INDIANA
information.
ciation.’* Watch for it!
OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
INSURANCE
INSPECTOR...
Continued
from
page
41
strictly, when they come at all,
as a service to you. It’s your
job to find out which of the two
or more brands named may be
the best for your own needs.
the inspectors have
When
finished their look-sees at your
plant, they go into huddles with
or stenogtheir typewriters
raphers. The reports they pro-
duce
usually
go only to their
home offices; these offices pass
along copies of the reports, including any recommendations
for new equipment and changes
in methods, to you or to someone at your company.
covered
the
in
slips and falls, for instance).
1954,
January,
e Who is responsible, if anyone, for the safety program. A
issue of OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS.
They also try to learn:
e What your labor turn-over
is. If you have a high turnover rate, it may be because of
poor employee relations.
e What your past accident
experience has been, in both
frequency and severity.
e What equipment you have
for guarding machines.
e What guards you've set up
well-organized program, under
a responsible head who can de-
vote his undivided attention to
safety matters, can help give
your company an “A” on the
inspectors’ report cards.
e What the dust, gas,
_
chemical hazards are.
and
e What training in safety is
given your men, and. what co-
LIFELINE
Your
wa uea na
(to prevent
in hazardous areas
of fire hazards was
in the way
Le:
Be
NO. 12
SLEEVE BAG
70.1% Furnish
Valuable Information
In 70.1% of the cases, inspectors do pass along complete
either directly or
reports,
through the home offices, of
what they learn during their
inspections of your plant. There
are 19.4% of the inspectors,
however, who send along to
recommendayour company
tions only—you never get to
know what their opinion of
your safety and housekeeping
program really is, except as the
recommendations for changes
may suggest. And 10.5% of the
report
no_
make
inspectors
whatever to you.
NO. 077
NUT
NO. 11
COMBINATION
GLOVE & SLEEVE
BAG
THE
& BOLT
BAG
MILLER
| ADJUSTABLE CLIMBER |
NO. 98
228 BODY BELT
. . 80 What Does
it Mean to You?
There,
too, is a matter
wide
open for discussion. What good
does the inspection do you unless it helps you in your work?
What good does it do your company unless it points up ways
in which premium rates and
compensation costs can be lowered? How can these things be
accomplished unless you’re told
have
inspectors
what. the
learned and what they feel
should be done?
If you’re one of those who
don’t get reports from the insurance carriers, maybe you’d
better find out why.
What the inspectors look for
FEBRUARY,
1955
t
~~
NO. 6119
4ES MAINTENANCE MAN’‘S BELT
R SERIES SAFETY STRAPS
NO. 6 7 8
NEVER-SLIP PLIER GRIPS
DON’T
RISK IT...
MILLER IT!
New, colorful catalog
showing complete line
will be sent upon request.
LAD
IN
Circle
No.
74
EQUIPMENT
CO,,
FRANKLIN,
PENNA.
CANADA: SAFETY SUPPLY CO., TORONTO
on
reader
service
card
for
more
information.
operation is given the safety
program by management.
e What unsafe acts are committed by employees.
These points are, of course,
merely a limited review of
what inspectors seek. One insurance company executive remarked:
“The safety engineer must be
extremely
versatile,
and
he
looks for many things. He does
many things about what he
sees, depending on the situa-
tion, its order of priority, and
its effect upon many other variables. It would take an hour or
more to present properly my
philosophy of how to go about
making the policyholder visit.”
Inspectors Average
212 Calls per Year
The average inspector visits
212 plants during a year’s time.
(One reported he visited only
25 plants; another reported visiting as many as 800 plants.)
NOW! REDESIGNED DAVIS
D-CARTONS IN SEALED, SANITARY
WRAP, WITH EASY-T0-OPEN
RED PULL TAB!
The continuous red
across the face of
D-Carton
shows
none of the cartons
been opened.
line
the
that
has
A break in the red line,
as at the third carton
in the illustration, signals that they have been
opened and should be
checked for _ replacement before the contents have been used up.
The number of plants called on
varies primarily with the size
of the plants and with the stature of the safety engineer who
makes the inspections—the bigger the plants he tackles, and
the more complicated the operations, the fewer calls the inspector can complete.
What with one thing and another, the inspector is a busy
man. Basically, he keeps busy
for you. His work aims straight
at your own target—reducing
costs, building production, protecting physical equipment and
people against injury. He’s a
nice guy—and it will be worth
your while to cultivate him. e e
SAFETY
THERMOMETER
Painters
Merle
Steinbeck
(left) and
Steve Novak
(right) look over their
handiwork—a
‘‘safety
thermometer”
designed by Claude Timblin, manager
of maintenance,
for the
Mahoning
Avenue
Garage
employees
of
the
Youngstown, Ohio, Municipal Railway
Company. The board has a glass ‘’mercury’’ which is masked ahead at each
safety meeting.
The garage is shooting for 1,000,000 accident-free manhours.
t
BAND-AID
Trade
WANT TO BE SAFE?
BE A CHEMIST!
A report issued by the Manufacturing Chemists’ Association
Mark
Plastic Strips with ‘‘Super-Stick’’
now available in Davis D-Cartons and
kits when desired with these advantages: (1) a new cushion pad of Red
Cross cotton covered with surgical
gauze; (2) all four edges of gauze are
folded under, free from loose threads,
and (3) handy new tab lift, shown at
right.
Fingers never touch pad.
Tt Ol es ~aa ee
aM
PP Wakticreielom [sles
ea
Circle
82
No.
94
on
reader
59 Halleck St., Newark 4, N. J.
service
card
for
more
indicates that, if you want to
be safe, you should get a job in
a chemical plant.
The industry’s record shows
a new low of 3.69 for the accident
frequency
rate.
This
points to the chemical business
as one of the safest in the nation.
In
1946,
quency
the
rate was
industry’s
7.65.
fre-
information.
OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
POA
Continued
from
page
32
Immediate action is taken on
the changes that are agreed
upon during the _ supervisoremployee interview, and that
can be made without delay.
A concrete long-range training program, with a definite
time table, is laid out for the
employee with the needs of top
management and the desires of
the employee himself in mind.
Whenever
enough
salaried
workers show approximately
the same needs, group training
is undertaken.
Otherwise,
training is done on the individual basis, tailored to meet the
precise needs of the employee
as they relate to the future development of the company.
An accompanying table indicates what form the training
takes. It may involve correspondence courses. It may involve management seminars.
It
may
involve workshop
programs. It may involve highly
specialized
technical
studies.
Whatever the training includes,
it is designed to develop the
employee at the fastest possible
rate, consistent with a thorough
education.
Enka points to four outstanding benefits to be derived from
a program such as PD:
e Employees
feel management is genuinely interested in
their welfare—that they are
not simply so many numbers on
the payroll.
e Department heads show
more willingness to do something about problem situations
with
employees,
since
they
know
others go along with
their judgment.
e Supervisors improve their
own abilities in the course of
making the necessary appraisals of people working under
them.
e Everyone,
from
the top
down, becomes more aware of
the weaknesses in the organizational structure — and takes
interest
in seeing
that
the
weaknesses are corrected. e e
adds extra comfort and protection!
This handsome bronze acetate butyrate
quickly wins worker
frame
approval! Its integrally molded
brow rest holds lenses well away
from the eyes. Extra space permits
cool comfort . . . and additional
clearance for workers who wear
prescription glasses.
The new FW3 FeatherSpec® is exception-
ally light in weight. Distortion-free
lenses are .040" thick acetate,
clear or green, readily removable.
Matching half-plastic, half cable
temples adjust for snug fit.
These comfortable spectacles will be worn
all day long without fatigue or eye
strain. They provide ample impact
protection for light grinding, woodworking, spot welding, inspection
and other jobs which do not
demand heavy duty goggles.
Ask your Willson distributor to show you
1955
AVAILABLE—
POPULAR METAL FRAME
FeatherSpecs®. ..
FW1—.040” thick clear or green
wire core plastic skull temples;
FW61,
same
with
.060’’
thick
lens,
also
lens.
FW2—.040”’ thick clear or green lens,
industrial covered cable temples; also
FW62, same with .060’" thick lens.
CE}
mae
CLD 63
carry this
famous trademark
the new FW3 FeatherSpec® with
Brow Rest. Or write for bulletin.
Leaders in Research and Development of Safety Equipment Since 1870
WILLSON
PRODUCTS, INC., 209 WASHINGTON
Circle
FEBRUARY,
ALSO
No.
95
on
reader
service
card
for
more
ST., READING, PA.
information.
83
Recently
the
Turtle
these men
admitted
to
Club
are
who
have
been saved from severe or fatal injuries
by their hard hats.
Augustin Maldonado, Inland
Steel Co., East Chicago, Ind.,
was shoveling debris onto a
scaffold when a chunk of debris
weighing some 18 lbs. fell from
the upper story and struck his
hard hat. The hat prevented
any injury.
Leading industrial doctors advise immediate washing with plenty of running water as
the best first aid treatment for any chemical
in the eyes. Records prove that washing with
water for ten minutes or more, close to the
accident, is necessary to reduce or eliminate
eye damage.
Forehead operation leaves hands free to
open eyelids so water can be directed wherever chemicals might be lodged. Sanitary white
baked enamel bowl is resistant to most fumes.
Over 500 industrial plant installations have
been. made to date.
Write For Details.
VALVE
Chain Operated
Quick Action
Self-Closing
Charles Rogers, Foster & Klei-
ser Co., Long Beach, Calif., was
driving the company truck and
was
struck
broadside
by
a
speeding car. The impact slam-
That's why OVER
1
0
%
of the largest manufacturers
med Rogers’ head against the
right door handle. The hard hat
he wore was dented but it did
not break, saving Rogers from
what
otherwise
could
have
meant sudden death.
and many school systems
USE ONOX
Bill Sutton, Southern Natural
Gas
Co., Bienville, La., was
in shower rooms!
NO TROUBLE TO USE
No splash, no mess, easy to main-
tain. Nothing to get out of order.
TOUGHENS
SOFT SKIN
Main cause of
Athlete’s Foot is
@
121
SAN
SECOND
FRANCISCO
(U.S.P.H.S.
STREET
12, CALIF.
Warehouses: BROOKLYN, CLEVELAND,
NEW ORLEANS, HAWTHORNE, CALIF.
Circle
84
No.
76 on
reader
on
one
of
the
service
card.
Water
30 to 40
G. P.M.
The B & A Shower is the
quickest and most satisfactory way to saturate a worker with gallons of water the
instant an accident occurs, to prevent a disfiguring burn—even a fatality.
Special shower head, no holes to clog—can
be used where unfiltered water prevails.
Write
For
Details.
wells
when the piston broke loose
from the shaft, causing the head
on the pump to burst. A piece
of flying metal struck the hard
hat Sutton _was wearing, knock-
DISFIGURING
FACIAL
AND
CUTS ,
BURNS:
CUTS ANDO
CHEMICAL BURNS
ing him wunconscious.
Bill is
alive today only because he
wore his safety hat.
oS
oe /
Harrer
ynPRo
GUA
NEW
LOW COST
orté'
SAF-T-BAGS
are widely used for the safe
handling of glass bottles containing harmful chemicals; also
the storage and recovery of
expensive serums, biologicals,
and other costly products.
Painful cuts, disfiguring
burns, loss of eyesight, or even
a fatality, do result from corrosive liquid splash and flying
glass when unprotected bottles
shatter.
=
5 PINT
1 GALLON
5 GALLON
;
i
Write For Details.
TESLA
P.O.
Box
Circle
7542,
No.
A
B&
pum
Isaac Sanders, St. Regis Paper. .Co;.. Isastport,
Wlac. was
cleaning out the inside of a
furnace when a piece of hard
smelt, weighing 5 lbs. fell from
60 feet above, striking Sanders’
hard hat. The 300-ft.-lb. force
of the blow caused only a slight
concussion. Had he not worn
his hard hat, he probably would
not have survived.
$
THe HEN 760.
Shoe - Softened Skin
Bul. R-674).
ONOX
mineral
salts toughen soft
J
skin and make it resistant to fungus growth.
Ci) aa
working
|
Dept.
75
on
OH,
Chicago
reader
SAL
80,
service
OCCUPATIONAL
Illinois
card.
HAZARDS
ie
®
in Safety!
Ahead
suppliers
*
*people
distributors Virginia-Carolina
and
Corp.
Supply
Laundry
Sterling Supply of Philadel-
PEOPLE:
and
Hubbard
S.
James
Charles J. Martin have been
appointed district sales managers for Wyandotte Chemicals
phia. Martin has represented
the firm in the New York City
area for over 6 years.
Nighan
B.
Joseph
been
has
of safety
director
appointed
and security at the Camera
Works of the Eastman Kodak
J.
S.
Corp. Both will handle sales of
Wyandotte’s cleaning, washing,
germicidal, metal cleaning and
Hubbard
absorbent products.
was formerly with Wyandotte
FLAMEPROOFED biue mesh top
and back. Cellulose acetate visor.
LIGHTWEIGHT, full protection.
1 size adjustable to all heads.
R. A. McRae has been apat
engineer
safety
pointed
Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp.’s
Write
for FREE sample
or Order Direct!
See the
Guards.
Klear-Vu Safety Aprons
Write for illustrated
KLEAR-VU
Circle
y
y
t
in
use
for
Mirrors
Safety
because of traffic accidents.
a height of 8 to 10 feet,
reflect
clearly
the
movement
coming floor traffic from opposite directions—thereby removing principal cause for collisions.
e Mirrors are easily installed and adjustable for any
desired angle. They are also adaptable for outdoor use.
Style
Circular
s nae
E
W
rite
For
ircular
Convex
Bulleti
.
eeonvex
i
etin:
No.
Glass
F203
haar
ey
Glass
180
18”
Dia.
240
24” re Di ia.
918
9” x 18”
1640
16" % 24"
Gl
Flat Glass
Rectangular
Flat
ass
Glass
Rectangular
LESTER
L. BROSSARD
540 North Michigan Ave.
1955
CO.
© Chicago 11, Ill.
Circle No. 81 on reader service card for more
FEBRUARY,
Dimensions
information.
reader
service
card.
withdrawing
welding
confined
places
or
work efficiency.
with 8’’ suction
Can
inlet
be
to
furnished
which 8”
non-collapsible suction tubing
be attached... or provided
on-
er
on
directly from the welding rod. Provides greater safety, greater comfort
to greater
for workers... leads
Klear-Vu
of
83
Ideal
for
fumes
from
blind corners, cross
factories and warehouses where
a
present
exits
and
entrances
intersections,
aisle
safety problem
e Mounted at
No.
Ventilator-Exhauster
BSS
SSS
designed
are
Mirrors
CORPORATION
Vano Design “‘C’’
SS
Safety Mirrors
for Industrial Use
Safety
and Arm
catalog.
Ventilate
‘CONFINED Places
with
Klear-Vu
Klear-Vu
$7720
DOZ.
19 Waverly Place, New York 3, N. Y.
Because of Blind Corners
e
#3921H
2 ways better!
Nighan joined Kodak in 1939
as a safety inspector. He was
named assistant superintendent
of safety in 1951.
C. J. Martin
Hubbard
New
Rochester,
Company,
York.
Style
may
with
multiple inlet nozzles for 5’’, 4’’ and
3’’ suction hose.
WELDING FUMES ore here removed
by this Vano Ventilator-Exhauster.
Other types are also available for
supplying fresh air to men working
in confined places, such as tanks,
manholes, drums, boilers and shipholds.
For full details on Coppus Vano
Ventilator-Exhauster
‘‘C’’
Design
ENGINEERING
write COPPUS
CORPORATION, 302 Park Avenue,
Worcester 2, Mass.
FUMES FROM A REACTOR KETTLE
are here withdrawn by tripod-mounted
Vano
Ventilator-Exhauster.
Note
non-
collapsible suction tubing and discharge
tubing.
Circle No.
82 on reader
[iage
a
service
nS
card for more
information.
85
—Engwald
‘World's
Finest Exhaust
Pueblo, Colo. operations. McRae’s appointment follows the
retirement of A. H. Zellinger.
McRae will supervise a department of 12 co-workers. With
the firm since 1918, McRae was
named assistant superintendent
of the safety department in
1948.
Systems’’
WELD-O-VENT
Welding
Fume
Exhausters
smoke created
by this arc
welder.
D. J. Wrigglesworth has been
head
named
of Gro-Cord
Rubber Co.’s
newly
created
Industrial Div. As
head of the
Givision.,
Wrigglesworth
will
provide
a
consulting
service
to safety
engineers and safety shoe manufacturers in the choice of the
proper
soles
for
maximum
safety, comfort and long wear.
S. M. MacCutcheon, safety
director of Dow Chemical Co.,
has been elected chairman of
the General Safety Committee
of
Manufacturing
Chemists’
Association, Inc. G. L. Gorbell,
safety director
of Monsanto
Chemical Co. in St. Louis, was
named vice chairman of the
committee.
Reach
Unit
@
8
ft.
Portable
The above units have unlimited flexibility of
movement.
Quick
positioning. Units mount from
ceiling
or
wall.
360°
Write
Booklet
Wheels
radius
when.
ceiling
mounted.
Blowers can be
mounted
at
a_
remote
point or attached to units.
Can be connected in series.
357
Lafayette
Brooklyn,
No.
With
86
on
Avenue
N.Y.
reader
service
card.
has been
to Charles
-L. Jones, safety engineer for
Hercules
Powder
Company,
Wilmington, Delaware.
Lomax, a graduate of the University of Delaware, had been
maintenance engineer at the
Cumberland, Maryland, Allegany Ballistics Laboratory, operated by Hercules.
C. J. Mayo has been named
general sales manager of Insul8-Corp., manufacturers of crane
and monorail safety electrification systems. He has over 15
years experience in this field.
Engwald Corporation
for
Circle
Unit
Ernest S. Lomax
named an assistant
Lasy on the Fingers /
for
%
*
*
holding
STEEL STAMPS
CHISELS
OTHER HAND TOOLS
“lL uminum-Line’”’
ADJUSTABLE
We
HOLDER
Keep precious
fingers safe from off-angle
hammer blows. Just place the hand tool
in the holder and hammer away—with
greatest possible safety. Three sizes
available for tools 4" to 114"' square.
Write for Catalog 100
1057 CHATEAU
86
No.
85
bines— Burgess-Manning Snubbers will
effectively silence these annoying, costly
noises. They can also be had to include
the plus values of air cleaning, or heat
recovery, or spark arresting, or surge
control, or water separating.
;
,
| }
WHA
q WK}? Hi
\WHAM//
WUE
WHA
ae
on
STREET,
reader
service
PITTSBURGH
card
for
more
33, PA.
information.
re
4.3
Os
us a description of
your problem.
Ask for complete data.
Send
BURGESS-MANNING
‘MARKING TOOLS
Circle
There is no need for the deafening noises
caused by the intake and exhaust of air,
steam and other gases fromyour engines,
blowers, vacuum pumps, steam or gas tur-
771
Dallas,
East
Park
Texas
Avenue,
COMPANY
Libertyville,
Chicago,
Circle No. 84 on reader service card for more
Illinois
Illinois
information.
OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
Designed for
SUPPLIERS:
Purchase of the Premier Vacuum Cleaner Company, Ltd.,
Toronto, one of the oldest producers of vacuum cleaners in
Canada, has been announced by
the Premier Company, St. Paul,
Minnesota.
The Premier Company manufactures commercial and industrial floor maintenance equipdistribution
Canadian
ment.
now will be arranged through
St. Paul offices.
PROTECTION
&
&
&
°
Styles illustrated
50-20
51-05
Jacket
Pants
53-15
Hat
&
a
@
z
le
Sindar Corporation, has moved
to new quarters in the Transportation Building, 307 East 4th
Street, Cincinnati 2.
Philip Shore and Associates
has been appointed West Coast
representative for the Federal
Fibre Corporation, Long Island
City, New York.
®
¥
The Cincinnati, Ohio, office
Inc.,
of Givaudan-Delawanna,
companies,
its associate
and
Inc., and
Flavors,
Givaudan
What
thing
vice,
place
sound
one
derecan
can
won’t they think of next!—but
is certain . . . no mechanical
no matter how ingenious, can
Sure, a device
a watchman.
the alarm, but a watchman
prevent trouble before it starts.
Your trained watchman, who is supervised by a DETEX GUARDSMAN watchclock system, averts disaster scores of
times that you don’t even know about.
He removes dangerous waste material,
traces escaping fumes,
smells smoke,
opens a sprinkler valve some one shut
or by malicious mischief.
—e
by mistak
Day and night, weekends and holidays,
watchman
your GUARDSMAN-supervised
is exercising human judgment in your
behalf. The GUARDSMAN saves you money
in supervisors’ overtime, cuts your inIf your watchclock
surance premiums.
is more than five years old, it is urgent
that you modernize with a GUARDSMAN.
Fill
Find out about the GUARDSMAN.
out and mail the coupon for free descriptive folder. Now, please!
FROG"
GETS-A-LITE GUARD and GUIDE
will not blister, crack or
chemicals —
peel.
— made
Waterproof
with
prene Latex.
THE
Circle
specially
H.
No.
M. SAWYER & SON
Cambridge, Mass.
FEBRUARY,
87
on
1955
reader
Neo-
blended
styles — in black, yellow
Hunter’s green
Write for catalog
Many
Made
service
or
Nothing
to
Will
break,
last
get
spring steel wire.
out
of
indefinitely.
GCETS-A-LITE
installed,
GUIDE is NEVER removed.
or
order
GUARD
@
Once
AND
@
Nothing to unlock, fuss
when changing lamps.
@
CETS-A-LITE GUARD AND GUIDE actually steers lamp into socket, enabling
in
lamp
to change
man
maintenance
10 seconds!
watt
100
for 40 watt and
Available
fluorescent lamps.
e
GETS-A-LITE
with
or
Company-Dept
lock,
025
3865 N. Milwaukee Ave.,
ILLINOIS
41,
CHICAGO
CO.
card.
of indestructible
replace.
with top qualitw
base fabric, first saturation-coated, then
coated on the inside as well as on the
outside
@
AND
slip GETS-A-LITE GUARD
over the fixture, as illustrated.
Circle
No.
79
on
reader
service
Detex Watchclock
76 Varick Street
New
[]
York
Please
send
about
the
watchclock.
[]
N.
Y.
me
complete
GUARDSMAN
information
§tape-recording
You
may
send
a DETEX
representative
to make a free, no-obligation survey of
our plant protection needs.
Company
Address
card.
13,
Corp.
°NO
Tough — wears like iron, takes endless
snagging, scraping, chafing and still
gives full protection.
Rotproof — not affected by oils or
Simply
GUIDE
1
1
i
j
1
1
5
i
1
f
i
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
i
1
4
can take it!
@
™
CLOTHING
Quickly and Easily Installed by
Anyone — No Tools Needed!
SHOR
Circle No.
ee
OHO
THOSE
RETO
ee
ee
EOE
eee eee eee eee eee rere eer
HEH EEE ROSE
88 on reader
EEE
ES EEE EEE
service
EES
card.
87
aeee
ee
NOW AVAILABLE
i)
American Engineering Co.................. 83
American Industrial Safety Equipment Co. .57
American Optical Co...
2). o.3i5 os ee
ws 26
Ansul Chemical Co Ba ei tee Oe
Wee SO aw Lae
eee Aare
ee ow 17
=
Armour
W
PAIRS -for
0
R
K
or
D
EE
aE
R
for
drivers,
workers,
etc.
‘“‘Glo-Glovs’?—by
pair
—
(R)
on back
in
(dressier
patented
—or
the
horse-hide
gloves with
Scotchlight
of both)
lifetime
mule
skin work-type
gloves
with reflective fabric
on back of left glove
alone. Washable, durable, pliable — 300yard visibility.
$2 50
reflective
the
fabric —
and
moving equipment.
WRITE
makers
of
NOW
‘‘Glo-Tex”
for
.. . to order—
or for quantity and dealer discount information.
Glo-Safet
Products
y
G12
ine
:
:
CARLAWAY
JA JOLLA,
33
a
Carbisninhall Co. 6: ooo
ee
84.
CALIFORNIA
14, 15
Chicago
Hardware
86
a he eee
Chicago Eve Shield Co.:::
2.00
Foundry
ce
78
foe. 12
Co............. he
Chicago Watchclock Co.................... 46
Coppus Engineering Corp.................. 85
Bs hs MPV
Ve
MM. 2. Cutiningham
es
69
Goo rs
86
Davis Emergency Equipment Co............ 82
Detex Watchclock Corp.................... 87
SIOGR OE ©ONT
Dow Corning
a
s
du
Pont
eee
Wan
ee
a
Cor oo
eee
de Nemours
Ce
Core
ederal Sign
ae
Fald Bess
a
yee
Blenite, Wied.
ar
38
8
& Co............ q5
6 os
Dif cee
en
ee
es
ST
ees 51
a ies as 86
stem, Ca
in Bia
Tec,
m
mig eee oe yale a =
OR
ae ERAS
S
EN ene 79
FyreFyter Con) SLIT
:
:
eprint
Equipment Co........... s
Cun ce ii Nigam
os
PL
p
& Signal Corp................ 63
;
NOW—RIGHT
47
56
Buretes-Manning Co.) 5656
Se
‘
‘‘Glo-Streamers’’
Pe
ED, Ballatd Conc (2007
ae
Engwald
plus tax
by
@ Awsoess
dmont M
PAIR
Manufactured
os
Bradley Washfountain Co Oe es 688 6a: eee 6b ef. ee 70
Ais Di BEPOMRHINE Oil
rs i ee
85
Backley Gora:
03.3
e a
A
a
a 5 68
Buffalo Fire Appliance Corp................ 4
protection
police,
ee
& Lomb Optical Co............Cover 3
Falls Rubber Footwear............. 65
Berson
ae
night
a
Hashiah Coa
c
Bausch
Beacon
Fe Ss
Positive
& Ge
Wi
eee
a
YOU CAN’T FALL
It’s a Life Saver
February, 1955
it
IN
Index
Advertiser’s
See
es ee
7
Re Ue
Pe une
r
IT
sowie
events
aeat
SAFETY
|
39
31
A. E. Halperin ROG eis cee Be banat hs ee
es 78
Haws Drinking Faucet Co.................. 74
Easy
and
Novte
Hiesae
sereice
es
Cords
falling.
DEVICE
FOR
inexpensive
Simple
to
operate:
attention
L
E
;
Appliance
Ge
MASKS:
:
oo
2
a
;
:
PLACE HEAD-
16
20
83
AGAINST THe
MORTALS
Wretatl Mite Co.
StO.00
Peo
fo
B24 00
NO POON
Mat
es
PRE
is Net
i eis cy cp ab Sh bec ee os 15%
We
pay
Send
delivery
for
order
with
‘cash
charges
64- page
iaintenonce:
Catalog
Cash
No.
Production
Safety Equipment.
Pea
Fe
Circle
a
:
No.
Orders.
29
ee,
91
on
reader
of
or
te
ee
is os
ee
fe.)
Engineering
Soe
Go.
Coo...
eS
to
No
upkeep.
Requires
no
from climber.
Anyone
can use it.
not
rust
SAFETY
1024
or corrode. Write
TOWER
Burbank
LADDER
Blvd.
BURBANK:
for folder.
P
O
CO.
Box
1052
CALIFORNIA
See
Safety
‘
esa
oo c
as
Lifeline
Lock
For
Scaffolds
Member National Safety Council
Circle
No.
90
on
reader
service
card.
| Shut Out NOISE|
ae
ee
79
66
ee reg ot :
a
Mba
oo
564 6.
a ee
rioneer RibbemUe.
Pyrewee Oe 1 WO
eee,
73
AUN iis ee 76
se
81
ke
a ee a
I
ee
61
ee
84
oo. oS ee ce ee
oe
ee ee ae
‘
66
39
MMEOty OX BOO Eee
ec
ie isa 45
Safety Tower Ladder Co.................... 88
ear ee
eae Sn ee
es
Bed
Ene igi
eg
Ae Se a ta a eae ke 73
&
S
ke Inc.
Car
ees
Silicone Paper Co. Oe of America,
........ 5
‘A Sustete © Y Basi Co
80
Socedicliet Cobh
2s
ee
55
Stan
Indu
dard
stri
Prod
al
Co..
ucts
..._
53
__..
Standard Safety Equipment Co............ 67
Stonehouse
Signs, Ine...
.6
ee
eek
Sugar Beet Products Co.....3.......005.6...
Surgical Mechanical
:
TORRE AIRE NAN
US.
:
Ca
Inc W heaie.BSocwh Wie! 58a Seal
Wash-Rite
33
3
Research............. 88
ire re
Service
Safety
Vestal,
and
ELECTRIC
ee
$1.00
“O60 0556005
on
Rae
Neécon Products
S100
end: OVEr
ors. Plot ees
20%
Minimum, charge account or C.O.D. ...... $2.00
Minimum,
oa
Clamps
Mine Safety Appliances Co................. 18
Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co.............. 74
Monsanto Chem. Ga. Organic Chem. Div..
.37
oe
oe A eo oe 10%
Mo
Sante
(0.5
Miller. Kaninmont
to
enve
lope
No.
2
(hea
.
vywe
Refil
ight
conls
)
tain twice as much filtering cotton as No. 1.
ae
WEAN Bs
Metallizing
Martindale Protective Masks
........ $.30
ea.
No. 1 Refills (Standard weight) ...... 02
ea.
No. 2 Refills (heavyweight) ..........
0214 ea.
Masks packed individually.
Refills packed Za
os eee
vecwonedre
Medical
Weigh less than ¥% ounce.
Excellent Protection
against non-toxic dusts except free silica. Replaceable
cotton
pads
are
inexpensive
and
sanitary.
Less thon: $10.00: Mat
6556
a
HEAD TO KEEP.
DGES
OF FACE PLATE
PAGE SNUGEE
DISCOUNTS
a
WROTE
PRESS NOSE |
Meee
8
OO
(6;
install:
Co. of America................ 69
BAND WELL
NG HOWN
P
Co................ 56
ey ee
Witter (5, Tempe Co. ook
Leigh Safety Shee Cow. oi. ee
lAgatioet-Scehultz Ce.) oe
Huh.
FROM SLIP-
HOLD
eee 13
LADDERS
Martindale Electric Co. : 3. ...5 2... ee
89
Thom McAn Safety Shoe Co............... it
UP AROUND.
TO
Cee
85
WEBCO
oo
ge.
eee
ee ee
Magnesium
cia iea deatitekeeceg Nie eas as Sie ce us it
a
ee
Pe J. Littell Vachine
Bibiosl cahibd
88
Safety
MACHENTC rte
A
D
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1
ART
Junkin
re
re
Safety Specifications: High safety factor. Will
Hood Bunner G0...
oo
ce a
La eee
49
Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc.....Cover 2
Hy-Test Div., International Shoe Co........ 9
AM
to
iniuri
Tang pees pole or frame. No welding or
Hillyard Chemical Co...................... 19
OOS
and
from
Industrial Products Co...................-. 64
nope,
HOLDS
ay
2
ec
ee
ailpe es woore rata: Oe Rnekt eae
y Let waee Lay
C
“
:
PWN MRC EITN
ok eee
service
Willson Products,
Wyandotte
card.
shapes,
ear
ear.
able
2
case
e
60
Ines.
70...
AUER a
rt
Chemicals
oy os pn
a.
ae
43
71
78
TT
4
turns
candi.
Has
in
NEW
th
and
Will
!
Free
movements
not
long
a
pencil-clip.
life
1905
and
when
on company
urgica
stip
Furnished
cli
sample
|
i
a
cost.
with
80
.............0......
Wy ECR CRU
ee Ct
8 HES
‘Wiesel Nile (ei
ol Ss a ee
eS
Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Co................
the
Soft,
comf
orta
resil
ble,
ient,
the
SMR
EAR
STOPPER
adjusts
itself
to
all
42
Watchemoket Optical Go... /00000002.20..17 g
West Disenfecting Co..
Al
with
Mech
ec
out
in
is
of
the
of
the
.
th
reason-
a
plastic
requested
stationery.
anica
IR
Beverly
esearc
Los
Bivd.
57,
h
Angeles
Calif.
Corp................ 50
Circle
No.
89
on
reader
service
OCCUPATIONAL
card.
HAZARDS
sarerv
LENS
QUALITY
IS
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YL
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sac
hl
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e
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No.
93
on
reader
service
card
for
more
information.
Going Places In The Safety Market?
\
Then use the magazine
tell us does
the
best
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job for them...
HERE'S THE RECORD:
+150
OCCUPATIONAL
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5 YEAR COMPARISON OF
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(1950-1954)
a0
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& PRODUCTION
z= 50
1954 SPACE COMPARED TO 1953 ——
OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
(669
NATIONAL
SAFETY
Pages)
NEWS
(913
....................
....
Pages)
SAFETY MAINTENANCE &
PRODUCTION
(00.
(299
t
Three
Reasons
1.
For
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~~
Trend...
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' Safety men find every article
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helpful
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3.
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Advertising Results
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OCCUPATIONAL
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.
TRANSMITTAL
TO:
Frank
FROM:
SLIP
Winn
WPR
clin For your information
Pe eae Note and return to me
peieidining Per your request
ilalivesas For your action
ce spee
Sinssc
eanne. ne
RNIN
SPE
SOO
FESO
EE EEE
EEE
EEE
EEE
EEE
HEE
EERO
SERED
AETHER
EOD
HOSES
EH ORO
eee
re
oe ee
REO
HOHE
O EHH
RHEE
OEE
EERO
E HORE
This Is Prejudice
~Reuther Sous It Veiidhing
From Labor Unions’ Ranks
By
WELDON
WALLACE
Walter Philip Reuther began work as an apprentice
tool and die maker in his
native Wheeling, W.Va., in
1924. He moved to Detroit
in 1926 and was employed
in the automobile industry
for a number of years, becoming a foreman at the
.
[This is the thirteenth of a
series of articles by Mr. Wallace
on prejudice in America.]
_An
angry
rumble
began
to
grow
outside
a
Detroit
high
school as Walter P. Reuther, CIO
president,
delivered
the
commencement address.
Negroes made up about a third
of the class that Mr. Reuther
faced.
Because
“very messy”
race
riots then were taking place in
we
“at the very time
Detroit
were fighting to destroy the concept of a master race, I built my
speech around the idea of the
inof the
dignity
and
worth
Ford Motor Company.
From 1932 to 1935
|
|
Mr.
Reuther toured Europe and
the Orient by bicycle, observing
automobile
plants
and machine
shops. In 1936
he helped
establish: Local
174.
United
Automobile
Workers (CIO) and served
as its president. After subsequent advances in labor
positions he became presi- |
|dividual,” Mr. Reuther explained
in discussing the incident.
Two Kinds Of War
“I pointed out that while we
master-race
the
fighting
were
theory with guns, we had to find
the democratic tools of peace to
dent
fight against racial discrimination
other
in no
for
in America,
aspect of American life as in the
of the CIO
in 1952.
|
field of civil rights is there such|could they not work just as hard,
a
serious
American
~
moral
gap
democracy’s
between|and
promises and ugly practices.
“Peonle
common
could
fears
and
be
noble}
united
hatreds.
by|
cause
sacrifice just as much,
they
shared
and aspirations?”
common
be-
hopes
During the speech, Mr. Reuther
Why!(Continued
on
Page
9, Column 6)
|
»
~
~
e
c
i
d
u
j
e
r
P
This Is
eal
.
*
j
=
ee
ear
Ad
tog
| Leader Sees It Fading
r
bo
La
Of
s
nk
Ra
m
| Fro
By WELDON WALLACE.
(Continued from Page 1) —
y remembers, about 5,000: milling,
e
3
“|threatening persons had gathered
around the school.
Word about his talk had spread,
and people knew that the: graduates included Negroes.
Barricaded Doors
“We had to barricade the: doors]
until troops came with tanks and
students
Negro.
the
escorted
|
home.”
- This episode, Mr. Reuther says,
“brought: home the whole prob.
lem of prejudice.”
r
6
eo,
151020
2
S
f
s
But
atmos-.
ugly
the
even-in
:
wot hi
rood
phere of street fighting and other}
iviolence, the Detroit race picture
*, that period had its favorable
:
side.
During the time of the worst
riots, Detroit plants functioned
Mr.
says
ripple,”
a
“without
and _ whites
“Negroes
Reuther,
worked together without disturbance,”
News
—Chase
REUTHER
WALTER
FT
Photo
Attitudes
Changed
no
en
them. They’ve got status. They are)
Organized labor “had changed judged as workers for what they]
the attitude of people as workers are and what they contribute, and
even though the impact had not not by their color.”
ae
yet been sufficient to alter scomwe
problems
big
the
of
“One
munity attitudes in a ¢ity where
have not solved is at the hiring
gate. When a Negro gets a job in
formerly shared the a plant covered by a contract with
attitudes, but. CIO our union, he is protected fram
permitted
policy
discrimina-
no
tion, and: after working with Negroes, whites found their attitudes
om
but
discrimination,
form of
any
—
Workers
community
et Ore
existed.”
tot
real differences on racial matters
Asn
ft
discrimination takes place before
He is
job.
the
gets
er
work
the
|
changing.
g gate.
hirin
the
at
away
ed
turn
“The best evidence of change,”
“We
beli
eve
the
answ
er
must
\
large
the
“is
er,
says Mr. Reuth
say
people
Some
tion.
legisla
be
percentage of Negro officers in
ion.|¢
educat
of
m
proble
a
is
this
disproporlocal unions—a
t our
got
you’ve
but
n,
educatio
for
I’m
iL tionate
number compared with
)-
ee
3”
Q
,
and you
the job
done
hasn’t
OF
of the workers are white and the
top officers Negroes. This proves
Negroes have been accepted on
the basis of their ability and
not
and
individuals
worth as
_
go
through a red light or do 90 miles
judged by their color. Otherwise, an hour, you get a ticket. That)
the workers never would have ticket does more to accelerate the
elected them.
education process than all: the]
“Ten years ago that would have radio. talks,
been impossible.”
would bel
traffic
laws,
ut
“Witho
The CIO has prohibited disto highthat
apply
you
If
chaos.
since it was
ever
crimination
§
5
ie
h
:
founded in 1936.
8
way safety, why not apply it to a
much more fundamental human
SSsanetees
Y
Mr. Reuther gave a casé to show relation?”
|
works.
You have them or you don’t, And
a fair employment practice bill,|
Fe ting a small group of Negroes and
f Mexicans to membership—about
totally. We advised the local
that this was contrary to our cone stitution as-adopted in convention
2 by unanimous vote of 2,500 democratically elected delegates.
) 25
f
“If you want all the rights and
3 privileges, then you are morally
Hom
the South, and we got many gains
we
Then
workers.
r for
those
learned that they were not admit-
=
in
&
obligated to carry out the responag
Oe
8
SITIONS
te
Mr. Reuther believes that bebe
can
discrimination
fore
stopped at the hiring gate, there
must be Federal fair employment
practice legislation.
“President Eisenhower says he
is against discrimination, and I
believe he.is, but he has been
led to believe that it should be
dealt with at the state level. That
may sound logical, but .the tragedy is that the areas that have
the greatest amount of discrimination are the areas where you
cannot get state legislation.
“Even in other areas you can’t
get it.’ In Michigan, which has
this
how
e
d
Case In South
d
“We had chartered a union
pf ~
d. the total number of members.
e
Proof Of Acceptance
d
“There are unions where most
Das
to have legislation, too.”
On holiday week ends there are
the
in
campaigns
safety
big
papers and on the radio. This is
education. “But no one would remotely suggest that’s all we need
for highway safety. If education
.. “We told them that convictions
on problem, a
ati
min
cri
dis
big
no
were not a matter of convenience.| Republican legislator introduced}
|
we
you have. to implement them and “we got every - Democratic
where it’s difficult to do so, not legislator to vote for it, but the).
just where it’s easy. That is the) Republicans turned it down.” |
real essence, the test, of leader-|
“Where it is most difficult they
3
|
ship,
won't do it, and when it is pos“Matter Of Morality”
sible they don’t do it. Therefore,”
“Racial discrimination is a mat-
concludes Mr. Reuther, “‘the issue
has to be met
at the Federal
ter of morality. You have to take
these people in if you expect to
one
under
continue
our
of
Even there you cannot do any-}
thing “until you abolish Senate).
filibuster rule—}-.
22”—the
Rule
charters.”
The rank and file persisted in
refusing to do this, so the local
“the graveyard
was expelled from the union.
give
rize. When you
“Every city in every state that
has fair employment practice leg-}.
ete
related
to
Te “Save
prob-
practical
<6
they
In Wheeling
they’re
Mr. Reuther was imbued with
this idea by his mother and father
in Wheeling, W.Va., where he was
‘
>
s
>
and
born
“where
will
live.”
His father, a steel and brewery
a
s
wa
n,
ma
e
nc
ra
su
in
d
.|worker an
fa
e
h
t
—
y
t
i
n
a
i
t
s
i
r
h
C
lieved that
d
oo
rh
he
ot
br
d
an
d
Go
of
od
ho
er
I¢th
y
r
o
e
h
t
ty
et
pr
a
t
no
s
a
ot man—w
‘Earnestness
|
of conviction evi
ly
ve
li
th
wi
d
e
n
i
b
m
o
c
dently was
,
d
l
o
h
e
s
u
o
h
r
e
h
t
u
e
R
e
th
in
humor
n
a
m
d
e
r
i
a
h
n
r
u
b
u
a
an
,
r
e
for Walt
ve
ti
na
a
s
a
h
d,
il
bu
e
t
a
of moder
,
m
e
e
s
m
i
h
s
e
k
a
m
at
th
e
c
n
a
pbuoy
he
an
th
r
e
g
n
u
o
y
h
c
u
m
,
ok
and lo
sie
Our
a)
Talk And Practice
n
e
e
w
t
e
b
s
t
s
a
r
t
n
o
c
w
e
r
d
He
as
d
n
a
d
e
h
c
a
e
r
p
as
d
o
o
h
r
e
broth
g
in
ow
ll
fo
e
th
d
te
ci
d
an
|practiced
the world
weie
™“™
:
You
real
(er
cw
e
r
e
h
w
s
e
i
t
i
n
u
m
m
o
c
in
test is not
st
te
al
re
e
th
;
m
e
l
b
o
r
p
there is no
a
e
v
a
h
at
th
s
e
i
t
i
n
u
m
m
o
c
is in
)
problem,”
|
”
t
e
M
Be
n
Ca
e
r
a
re
he
“t
r,
bo
la
to
In regard
.
nt
wa
s
r
e
y
o
l
p
m
e
e
r
e
h
w
s
n
o
‘situati
union
g
in
ll
wi
th
bo
e
ar
t
n
and manageme
th
wi
m
e
l
b
o
r
p
e
th
to
p
u
; to: step
e
r
e
h
w
y
n
a
t
e
m
n
ca
be
it
e,
ag
-|cour
4
iy
in the country.”
During a
strike at
the
plant in 1941 “management
Ford
made
s
e
o
r
g
e
N
e
us
to
e
iv
dr
d
e
t
f a concer
3 to break the strike. Because we
d
an
d
r
o
F
d
e
z
i
n
a
g
r
o
had not yet
m
a
f
n
o
i
n
u
r
ou
to
in
it
d
e
s jintegrat
to
e
l
b
a
s
a
w
t
n
e
m
e
afily, manag
of
r
e
b
m
u
n
e
g
r
a
l
‘
a
timisdirect
l. Negroes.” |
w
o
N
“
q:
in that same plant, Ne-
e
v
i
t
c
a
t
s
o
m
e
h
t
g
n
Be groes are amo
.
n
o
i
n
u
r
u
o
n
i
e
l
p
nland loyal. peo
We've
thoroughly.
that if people
discrimination
;
for
giving
j
integrated
as
related with
his
communty.”
TOMORROW
— Dr.
Benjamin
Spock, professor of child develop:
stt
Pi
of
ty
si
er
iv
Un
e
th
at
nt
me
burgh School of Medicine.
ed
re
ag
to
ed
lk
ta
I
le
op
pe
“The
aeg
gr
se
id
sa
t
bu
on
ti
si
po
with my
n
ai
rt
ce
in
n
er
tt
pa
e
th
tion was
t
n’
do
l,
el
‘W
,
id
sa
1
s.
communitie
1
what
neighbors in the local community,
in the national community and in
aeg
gr
se
d
e
c
i
t
c
a
r
p
\of brotherhood
but where
.
or color, we will be
individual
e
m
a
n
e
th
in
at
th
p
u
o
r
g
y
an
to discriminate,
stop
doing
“Human freedom is a value not
of the individual alone but of the
Southern
.
er
nn
di
d
o
o
h
r
e
h
t
o
r
b
a
have
aren't ready for one,” The
doing.”
quit
H-Bomb.
hood
areas;
d
fie
nti
ide
be
t
no
ld
cou
I
d
sai
“T
~
| tion.
*
Skins?
the Communists a psychological}
weapon more powerful than the
rdu
s
e
i
n
o
m
e
r
e
c
in
e
t
a
p
i
c
i
to prat
s
a
w
I
,
k
e
e
W
d
o
o
h
r
e
h
ing Brot
of
r
e
b
m
u
n
a
at
k
a
e
p
s
.
to
asked
e
th
at
th
d
e
n
r
a
e
l
I
n
e
h
T
places,
s
g
n
i
t
e
e
m
e
th
g
n
i
r
o
s
n
o
p
s
|group
rhe
ot
br
d
e
t
a
g
e
r
g
e
s
permitted
‘with
usually
not
creed
d
e
t
i
v
n
i
s
a
w
I
o
g
a
s
r
a
e
y
“a few
in some
are
“So long as we discriminate
against Americans of any race,).
‘jinstance:
dinners
weight
moral. reasons, they should do so
for survival. “The only way we|:
can save our skins is to ignore||
their color.”
be
,
ys
sa
n
so
s
hi
o,
wh
er
ad
le
‘llabor
-
Our
Mr. Reuther says
my folks still
put should be applied.
for the
very
“If employers know it’s illegal,
lems of people in everyday life.”
Born
takes
it
and moral force of the law
-‘1deterrents to infractions.
are crowded for a mile.”
“Principles have substance only
when
that
finds
islation
you
an inch
7
oe
tempo- little compulsion,
cannot
you
of all civil rights}.
legislation.”
Commenting on this case, Mr.
Reuther said: “We have learned
that when you fight against dis-
crimination
‘e
level.”
|
er
Poe
< on
ESS
ipanenk,
PUSHBUTTONS AND PEOPLE
sound Track .
A foreboding, frightening word, a’word that wekas 9 shudder
spectacle is automation.
through
a man,
decent,
jobs
fifty
years
found
out
women.
avai
human
heart
arms
and
backs
our
and
We=
Revolution.
men
work
mechanical
the
much of
fs
ee ie
ine
replace
Machines
do.
to
auto-
hundred
One
Industrial
the
called
Psion
could
that
machines
build
to
how
that
if
means.
automation
something
went through
the world
ago
then
over-production,
especially
heart,
what
way
a general
in
know
people
Now
in
be
a
a -depression--or
during
breaat.
earner's
a wage
in
beats
to
seem
human
any
in
terror
strike
to
a word
is
mation
But
good.
are
times
alk bil ares
soled
and
men
recession--when
and
plentiful,
are
wages
when
employment
full
of
periods
in
even
child,
a
or
a woman
are
uncanny
.that
t
gs..
ou
n bein
h
huma
wit
péinés.. machines
human
without
Machines
and
and
but
legs,
you still needed human beings to direct Pieimachtten: to do the thinking, to do the
but
brainwork,
punch
tapes,
and
men
decisions
mechanical
let's
the
go
Senatorial
members
Committee
asked
Reuther.
Here
does
automation
comes
to
to
jobs,
to
this
bees
what
but
that,
switches,
Limit
eyes,
the
the
make
that
brainwork,
the
live?
we
way
Can we do anything?
a Senatorial
How
knows
people,
Walter
Committee,
question.
to
President
ago,
Walter
ask
do
UAW
long
and
when
muscle
do
factories--electric
the
automatically?
to Washington
happens
the
of
in
that
mechanisms--everybody
happen
happens,
not
make
a mechanical
plus
brain
Well,
There
servile
machines
provides
to
used
women
cards,
whatever
Will
automation
now
automation
look
a plant?
Let's
was
Reuther
these
him
is Mr.
when
let
you
in Washington,
very
And
Reuther.
see
Senator
it
50
questions.
in
Langer
the
here
is
plant?
of North
C.
D.
now,
the
What
Dakota
oe
oe
Jicguh
200
men would
that
of
back
you
know
the
days when the
"I
had
a model
Motor
Ford
of
casting
they
block,
T engine
later
people
here
a few
showed
it
the
was
showing
and
whether
meant
that
precise
still
it
bring
fully
it's
me
the
said
tool
tolerances
operating,
of
but
fully
first
a very
is
from
to
was
in
this
me,
electric
of
machining
to
was
the
and
When
standard.
operation.
the
see
red
panels,
that
machining
automated
this
14.6
all
tool
the
in
going
green
light
station
number
on
that
were
lights
came
just
were
performance,
to
an amber
there
lights
green
operating
When
workers
the
and
back
years
many
plant
that
hardly
machines
a signal
into
a model
to
hand touching that engine block,
through
I couldn't
it
feed
and
the
to
a rough
take
compared
each
1951,
In
adjacent
They
plant.
to make
bored
they
we
before
was
machines
Ohio,
mechanism
of
T."
operations.
separate
engine
piece
a worker's
operating
was
in
back
this
1927,
I mean
Cleveland,
in
automated
foundry
the
a battery
the
and
Langer,
on individual
on
things
complex
I went
watching
there
machine
every
a new
machined.
around
a few
up
industry
the woods."
mechanism.
of
plant
in
Ford's
of workers
piece
engine
and without
automatic
line--completely
minutes
which
engine,
a V-8
the
It was
airport.
municipal
opened
Company
impact
the
felt
in a model
campaigns
at
work
to
other
the
all
did
they
were."
still
simple
a relatively
is
and
separately,
cylinder
the
which
T engine
they
Langer
thousands
and
thousands
it took
automation,
around
that
I went
when
driving
surprised
Senator
think
"Anyway,
Reuther:
in polities,
be
wouldn't
"TI
Unidentified:
Mr.
some
good."
"Very handy
Langer:
Reuther:
Mr.
are
handy
very
were
they
country
in your
up
very
roads. weren't
Senator
These
Senator
T Ford,
last model
the
making
were
T because
a model
about
all
they
February,
in
1927
in
many
automotive
the
in
to work
I went
time
the
from
worked
I've
of automation.
how
have
we
that
know
We do
about.
more
know
to
like
would
we
figure.
an exact
to give you
hard
it's
"Well,
Mr. Reuther:
the things
be,
may
of work?”
out
put
it
whatever
machinery,
automotive
into
dollars
million
7 billion
you
"Mr. Reuther,
Langer:
Senator
put
corporations
big
very
these
that
say
ot
on
meeting
on,
82 was
the
machine
becoming
sneeees
fatigued.
automate
can
know
you
God,
in the
engine
later,
652,000
percent
that
'57,
"What
to me."
You
machines."
still
are
consumers
thank
made,
"Tf you take
some
overall
blood
economically
meant
this
has
what
us,
and
muscle
flash...from
electronic
tell
in the
in 1947 the
of
Labor
if you
and the level
went
220
50.5
in 1947
thousand
in those
words,
of
cars
force
a work
In other
workers.
production
cent."
model
but
these
all
dues
union
trouble.
Reuther,
7 million
made
we
"So
in
our
and we had
production
total
is
occurred
never
to
cars
Ford
This
of productivity,
in terms
and trucks
years
sebl
to
automobiles,
line...Mr.
Reales:
Mr.
cars
tbaught
fully machined.
to
to
the
the
industry?
automobile
happening
the
of
experimental
T to
"You know,
production
way.
old-fashioned
Model
automated
the
you're
going
you're
how
is
about
I'm worried
I said,
machines?
from all these
how
collect
to
cata
about
worried
you
aren't
me,
to
said
they
it was
later
14.6 minutes
that,
hand touching
a worker's
Without
So
and
on,
came
light
green
the
in,
tool
new
red
the
when
of 82,
front
in
over
on.
went
she
the
put
he
stopped,
vatked
tool,
a replacement
got
machine
the
on
went
light
worker
The
per
cent,
industry
made4 million
and
ten years,
an
without
trucks
we
with
had
have
increase
of
indicates
a work
what's
798 thousand
In 1957,
workers.
of 648,800
cars
I think
which
figures
force
an increase
one-half
of
ten
of
in the
one
force.”
in
'47
level
of
production
of employment
in
'+7 and the level
take
up
the
50.5
per
cent and
employment
went
level
of
production
of employment
in
'57,
half
of
and
up
the
only
one
you find
one
per
eneett
What
Walter
years
have
bought
ment,
much
of
Reuther
and
it
built
/ billion
has
dnemplownent.
workers.
There
Since
this
Mr.
because
Like
are,
this
here
is
"We
don't
worth
in
are.
auto
modern
things
have
companies
of new
worked
needing
eleven
and
new
Big
Three
have
the
result
And
equip-
General
Motors
jobs,
and
you
oppose
there
tight.
down
Mr.
the
unemployed
jobs,
out,
last
facilities.
these
closed
but
the
alone,
automated
wanting
in
factories
industry
Like
People
get-out,
all
as
way
dollars
unemployment.
we
the
American
In the
dollars
modern
Reuther:
we
that
you
only
as
know
can
only
intelligence
have access
to.
So
more
they
Reuther,
families
millions
of
counters
of America.
almost
in
everything
automobiles,
situation,
unions
for
is
the
oppose
we
nbshacarrius
And that's
a human
example.
we've
but
Walter
got
And
opposed
why?
got
do
all
do.
the
says,
But
means
of
the
of
into
that
and
things
of
human
labor,
human
resources
using
purchasing
know
nothing,
capacity,
answer
capacity,
good
economic
aren't
needs
they
for
something
in
not
a
sense
these
is
these
power
in
more
tools
the
and
using
hands
on the
demands
we
got
aren't
we
life
that
we've
Many
Mr..
Alright,
people,
Reuther,
machines
Machines
everything.
unemployment.
automation?
advances.
people,
plant
The
productive
of
store
in trouble."
ie We pe
that
technological
if we
translate human
can
to
and the
say,
haven't
more
a bigger
then
our
application
the
they
Reuther
being
and
in
grown
get
can't
abundance
unemployment
because
trouble
UAW
fine,
they're
you
by
wealth,
tools,
and
capacity
expansion
standards
economic
say
productive
productive capacity
We're
of
that
that
living
economic
tools
to
I represent,
Clauses,
higher
the
the
object
that
Santa
have
to
idle
got
we've
workers
create
you
modern and
the
economic
no
are
there
that
equipment.
that
expansion?
this
our
they
is
billion
million
factories,
new
the
are
200
saying
385
automated
invested
been
is
at
what
since
least,
about
can
only
don't
buy
this
is
have
that?
been
do
the
told
eee
Mr.
against
improved
and
labor
you
haven't
have
been
Give
us
is
to
We
have
use
stop
the
gotten our
standing
the
most
been
been
flow
bel
on
the
housetops
tools
the
only
leading
the
parade
because
to the tools
way
only
sad
whenTI
hear
King
Canute
e6ul dani
eat
pamphlets
on
and
atom,
very
vou ‘know
productive
more,
the
brain,
"I've
technology.
can't
make
of
Reuther:
Labor
automation,
I
paying
us
give
you
make» more
know
‘that
automation.
we apply
of production,
human
attr
te
that
fight
flow
of
the
tide,
technology.
a
get
them
If
because
automation
you
can
bring
the only way we
can
have
more
have
want
labor ,
the
welcome
see
is to
We
spokesman
stop
the best
we
can
uct
shall
because
for
as
oer.
a labor
more
productive
automation,
whether
create the a cndni
we
want
we
in.
tools.
the
peaceful
it be
with
hand
or
with
wealth
hat
we want to
share.
reads
as follows:
agreement.
herein
It reads
recognizes
depends
and
upon
a
the
buy.
We
and
Chrysler
And
want
can
argument.
we want
the
Let
presses
a
us
and
the
most
part
to
of
productive
we
can
productive
suppose
automobile
today
compared
that
we
have
with
“If
be
no
we
in
standards
processes
and
It
progress.
the
same
amount
the
best
the
tools
that
tool
tools
factor
living
such
machine
if
of
in
machinery
the
only
improvement
methods,
with
want
with
of
employes
equipment--
further
effort
General
General
Motors
Motors
industry.
of
of
human
that
provided
On
production
and
Ford
this
there
create
more.
avaliable: *
no
automation,
your
the
price
did
not
automobile
the
parties
We
more
tools
frames--what,
Reuther:
would
have
in
automation
We
signature is at the end of this
annual
tools,
more
objective.
cooperation
most
"The
all
produce
in
know
My
improvement
create,
out
there
the
social
press
abundance,
I quote:
progress--better
that
to
Mr.
and
continuing
on
principle
can
of our agreement.
follows
attitude
economic
no
as
that
sound
is
is out
technological
cooperative
Ceeoabines
ie
This
100
section
66,
Page
in 1955.
signed
we
Contract
Motors
is a General
“This
judgment,
that
have
no
it
the
industry.
multiple
would
actually
tools
of
be
drills,
the
cost
obtains
mass
There'd
in
no
of
the
production
still
be
a few
an
huge
ordinary
market?
and
economic
built
around
2c
¥ a0
by
They'd
just
that.
But
drive
ahead,
you
And
it
costs
more
ae
higher
thing
the
the
The
UAW says
people
people.
to
produce
be
be
given
to
places
training.
If
they
tO
allowances
doesn't
have
and
an
he
where
to
have
Vide
on
But,
says
Senator
this
cost
money?
Senator
pay
also
removal
are
there
are
there
are
jobs.
If
re-educated
be
in-between
in the
Dirksen,
so
is
who
among
that
they
they
then
jobs
new
it
make
they
serve
should
they
evil.
is
when
people?
the
plant
moves,
be
given
moving
should
they
training,
need
it
education
the
get
should
get
times.
things,
ie
would
demands."
jobs,
new
not
sensitive
other
a gael ity
in your bargaining
for
It can be used
then
automation,
of
Becanse
If
pay where
go,
off
and
you
How do
automation?
laid
Automation
agreeing.
are
explosive.
tragedy
oaks aes
dark
jobs.
"Now,
Dirksen:
to
opportunity
think that's
accelerates
that
good.
is
it
Then
tame
you
or women
men
should
do
how
when
allowances
and
used
is,
west
But
motivation
or high
a knife
like
Tt is
well-being of
can
it
Or
0
Bisenhower
and President
Reuther
Walter
good or bad.
by itself is not
to widrigs
invest
progress."
one
On
raise
technology.
in
you
pie
most
Che
sephaee
is
wages
machines,
than
manpower
have
to
you
when
But
a machine.
gets
nobody
machines,
than
Because
slower.
always
is
technology
of
rate
that
that
it
is
why
wages,
a country where
in
it
is
why
wages,
higher
for
they drive
that
things
the
of
more
get
to
want
they
money,
ihre
make
to
wants
management
because
progress
make
know
all
We
forth.
so
and
them.
have
would
owners
muddy
be
still
would
We
progress?
when
cheaper
technological
a
roads
is
drive
the
the
workers,
But
and
wages
And
to
want
they
manpower
when
were
make
do we
why
coolie
have
who
car
sport
millionaire
fellows
a handful.
be
want.
they
a few
only
and
hand
interest
you
include,
of
to
another
town
removed
be
the
to
paid
for
moving
to
of
the
big
course,
and
the
another
companies,
a severance
employees
site.
I
coecoel
Mr.
moves
circulating
Democratic
administration
plant
state.
Why?
because
the
Because
a brand-new
build
Evansville
St.
is
"Now,
of moving
we
until
a Republican
got
they
the people
that
who
from
climate
favorable
Indiana
in
moves
have
physical
its
of
but
Louis,
plant
in
St.
Louid
is
closer
to
to
nothing
the
layout
the
reason
market
and
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aren't
building
that
plant
will
a new
And
service.
a high
to
going
they're
equipment,
its
and
there
moving
it's
inefficient,
it's
plant,
are
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politics.
a Democratic
and
city,
a Democratic
do with
old
an
antiquated,
is
into
Indiana
plant
that's
in
why
moving.
they're
and
out
plant
terms
in
of
moving
these
Evansville
plant
unit
Now
everything
a completely
constitutes
Missouri.
a
moving
view.
they're
yet
"And
cost
of
point
industry's
think
view
of
point
that
represent
were
climate,
got
they
law,
they
that
around
getting
is
now
pretty
was
Ford
Chrysler
Louis,
St.
to
their
decentralized
basis.
announced
political
favorable
a "right-to-work"
got
they
Administration,
most
the
got
they
that
consider
they
recently
there,
plants
two
have
and
war,
the
since
Corporation
Indiana,
Evansville,
from
who
ere decwnieaisens
a
on
out
Three
Big
the
of
by
to
Corporation,
Chrysler
the
made
running
are
unrelated
quite
reasons
for
political
companies
other
and
decision
last
the
last
moving
are
They
that
the
Chrysler
thing.
of
sort
that
away,
decentralized
they've
Detroit,
in
compact
running
are
started
Motors
General
operations.
all
is
example
is
Corporation
Chrysler
the
and
is
true.
isn't
that
best
the
And
politics.
to
‘But
of Michigan.
out
office,
unfavorable
an
creating
Governor's
industry
automobile
the
and
climate
the
in
of the
because
in Michigan,
climate
the
abbut. bee
in Michigan
propaganda
political
of
a lot
been
has
there
example,
a good
you
give
me
let
now
factory,
its
a company
when
because
factor,
a cost
not
that's
But
right.
"That's
Reuther:
their
think
he
when
can
the
Chrysler
machinery,
and
moves,
they will
other
things
that
all
the
worker's
that
moving
make
a readjustment
the
Corporation
and
family
get
or
providing
relocated
himself
go
have
into
the
is
to pay for the
the
workers
a part
physical
with
of
the
cost
plant,
some
cost
cushion
of
doing
amuse
same
and
the
two
--not
operating
they
efficient
now,
plant
productivity
pay
factor
very
but
a tremendous
there's
and
Chrysler
operating
from
years
the
of
plants
were
Well,
Reuther:
Mr.
the
that
will
the
5300
they
reduces
than
cover
company will
make
will
we
that
costs
are
the
pay
you
can
They will
3500
employ
Prem «S800
of moving
the
to
plant
therefore,
asking
for,
and
and
make
a profit
move
3500
had
out
when
more
out
turn
‘So that
new
with
and
still
they're
workers.
from the
result
The
pay.
Indiana,
Evansville,
will
and
operating
together.
only
OF uoiritdrs
the
all
that
plants
economy
number
the
allowance
they
that
and
two
the
that
us
tell
now
are
operating--in
are
out
work
severance
the
about
this
that
Company
they
but
say
to
like
ator? Gar
employees ,
economy
more
transfer
becuase
fully,
I would
How
example.
is
this
cost?
company's
a
to
adding
without
pay
for
ease,
Evansville
this
in
Specifically
financially?
could
is
earner
wage
would
this
how
exactly
explain
you
introduced
is
But
company.
the
to
cost
no
And
forward.
moves
additional
no
relatively
Reuther,
Mr.
believe.
severance
at
process
in the
to
cost
it-won't
* But
is.
this
all
doing
of
cost
a normal
as
anything,
consumer
the
atnit
tho
ti
so
plan automa
nation
the
that
a way
such
in
the economy
hard
cost
to
possible
is
it
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us
tell
Unions
hurt
to
the
of
out
workers
the
a penny.”
consumer
into
going
That's
be.
should
also
people
moving
that
business
moving
absorbed
is
machinery
moving
if
that
think
I just
isn't
this
money,
new
isn't
this
"So
of
efficiency.
greater
and
profitability
cost
the
for
pay
to
ought
they
think
we
and
plant,
efficiency,
greater
the
of
out
machinery
new
the
of
profitability
greater
the
of
out
the
moving
of
cost
the
for
pay
will
they
and
plant,
efficient
more
modern,
more
the
moving
like
just
business
a
have
will
Corporation
Chrysler
the
Now,
machinery.
more
greater
the
this
and
severance
is
of moving."
not
a cost
ae
Well,
machines
that
here
we
are
do things
Senate
committee
and
common
problem.
If we
cross
the
produces
freedom.
Walter
bridge
to
the bleak
The
Reuther,
again
and make
Walter
can
solve
terror
of
oar: SrLginal
without
have
had
it and make
and
peace
and
unemployment,
is what
companies,
with
choices
Reuther
prosperity
question
the
back
shall
the
we
do
United
human
beings.
You
a discussion.
Why,
automation
servant,
our
democracy.
there
to
words...automation...
will
succeed,
States
But
be
to
Senate.
no
and
because
if we
it's
our
then we will
fail
prosperity,
tame
I and a
and
no
automation.
automation
peace,
We,
no
you,
- Item sets