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Debate; Reuther Plan ‑ WPR and C.E. Wilson
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Debate; Reuther Plan ‑ WPR and C.E. Wilson
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box: 540
folder: 9
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1942-03
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THE
THE
STRANGE STORY OF
REUTHER PLAN
BY
GEORGE
Ast January, after Pearl Harbor had
forced the tardy decision to convert
the whole of the great automobile industry to war production, Detroit engaged in
The
a murderous battle of propaganda.
CIO’s United Automobile Workers Union, young and vital and far quicker off
the mark than automobile management,
at once jockeyed for the inside rail by
claiming special foresight for its memberIt had something to go on here.
ship.
For in December of 1940, which was
even before the Lend-Lease bill was
leader, the smart,
a UAW
passed,
dancing-eyed Walter Reuther, had offered his famous plan for the conversion
to war purposes of idle Detroit machines
As the Japanese were
and know-how.
bombing Manila the CIO promptly
magnified this plan into an “I-told-youso”? claim that labor had been for all-out
war use of the automotive factories a full
year before the rest of the country.
The answer of management was not
For instead of admitting
very smart.
that Reuther had something, even though
the original plan referred only to dle
capacity, it tried to outshout the CIO’s
A stream of columpublicity bureau.
nists and commentators were invited to
Detroit, where they could see that the
automobile industry was burning up the
factory floors in an effort to make up for
‘The fact that war conversion
lost time.
was under way in January and February
may have proved a good deal about the
post-Pearl Harbor intentions of the in-
R. CLARK
But it wasn’t an answer to
dustry.
And it did not correct the
Reuther.
popular misconception that Reuther
had anticipated Donald Nelson by a full
year in urging that the automobile
assembly lines be ripped up and tank
and plane lines substituted for them as
quickly as old machines could be converted or re-tooled.
So far as the automobile men were
concerned,
truth
would
have
been
the
And the truth would
best propaganda.
have stressed the fact that no one foreThe Army and Navy
saw Pearl Harbor.
were certainly wearing blinkers before
December 7th; the proof of it lies in their
failure to ask for enough war material
to compel the wholesale conversion of
The government did
automotive plant.
not guess the scope of the coming war;
if it had, it would have pounded Mr.
Knudsen into more drastic action than
The
anything contemplated at OPM.
American people were certainly not on
guard; if they had been, they would have
ceased to ask for new cars the day after
As for the automothe fall of France.
bile workers, most of them were like the
automobile managers: they wanted car
‘Priority unproduction to continue.
employment” was the great fear in Detroit—and with layoffs staring them in
the face the workers on the Michigan
assembly lines wanted war conversion
to proceed alongside of some automobile
manufacturing.
Reuther
was
one
of
these.
But
he
646
HARPER’S
was ahead of management in his thinking by just a little bit—and the leaders of
the automobile industry might have
helped their own public relations along
by graciously giving Mr. Reuther the
credit for having urged the conversion of
some machinery.
That would have deflated the CIO’s more grandiose claims
to a virtually Olympian insight; and by
the same token it would have permitted
Mr. C. E. Wilson of General Motors and
Mr. K. T. Keller of Chrysler to spit on
their hands and go to work to make
amends in 1942 like any other surprised
but honest citizen.
As it is, a lot of
people have absorbed the mistaken idea
that the Messrs. Wilson and Keller are
“‘appeasers,”’ fumblers—and maybe even
traitors.
The Reuther Plan was not a blueprint for the conversion of an entire industry to the manufacture of bombers,
fighter planes, medium-sized tanks, Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns, and naval ordnance.
But it was more than anyone
else had to offer in Detroit at the beginning of 1941. And whatever its merits
from the engineering point of view, it did
serve as a vital prod when America
As such its history
needed prodding.
should be set down before it has been
completely obscured by the phantasmagoric claims of contending propagandists. It should be set down as a tribute
to American labor. And it should also
be put upon the record to save management from the after-war consequences of
having seemed to veto a plan for all-out
preparation that might have prevented
or vastly limited the spread of the war in
the Far East.
The history of the plan begins with the
character
of Walter
Reuther,
who
was
convinced as long ago as 1939 that the war
against Hitler was our war, and that
victory would go to the side which won
the battle of production.
Walter Reuther,
short, reddish-haired and barrel-chested,
is something special among labor leaders,
a person who moves in a world of ideas
that includes a concept of the general
MAGAZINE
welfare as distinct from short-term labor
welfare.
Quite early in life Walter
Reuther became
labor-conscious;
his
father, a German immigrant who called
himself a Christian Socialist, was a
union organizer in the Ohio valley and
a talkative radical on the order of Herman Willkie, Wendell’s father.
Trained
as a toolmaker, Walter Reuther might
have risen to a top managerial position in
the automobile industry if he had toed
the line. But he preferred to preach
unionism wherever he went in a Detroit
that couldn’t even stomach the AFL,
and in the early days of the depression
he was fired by the Ford Motor Co.
Being placed on the unofficial Detroit
blacklist was the best thing that ever
happened to Reuther.
For it sent him
on a trip around the world with his
brother.
In Germany he saw a social
order crumble as Hitler came in. In
Russia, where he tried to teach tool- and
die-making to peasants at Gorki on the
Volga, he watched a bureaucratic system roll up a backlog of war production
in spite of its clumsiness and injustice.
He came back to the United States by
way of Japan, convinced that the old
world was breaking up.
During the
period of the sit-down strikes, when
there was violence on both sides, Reuther
was not too careful of the legal niceties,
which explains the automobile managers’
fear and distrust of him.
But when
Ford service men beat him up along with
Richard
Frankensteen,
the
score
was
more than evened.
In any case, when
the European war finally broke out
Reuther was willing to put a damper on
the class war; he saw that Hitler was the
main enemy, and he began to talk and
act accordingly.
Reuther prides himself on his ability to
map out a strategy: the Ford strike of a
year ago, which was directed from a
union G.H.Q. by sound trucks, bears his
imprint.
As a tool- and die-maker who
had been in charge of sixty skilled men
at the River Rouge in 1922, Reuther saw
at once that the tools behind the tools
which Churchill was asking for were the
THE
STRANGE
STORY
THE
OF
PLAN
REUTHER
647
Phil
most important item in 1940.
Murray had already worked out a general plan for industry-wide wartime
production councils of workers, manTaking off
agers, and the government.
from here, Reuther merely applied what
took the project up informally with
Sidney Hillman, labor’s man in the twoThat
headed OPM high command.
was in the summer of 1940, just after the
fall of France.
The plan appealed to
He discussed it with his partHillman.
erinders, lathes, and presses to shape up
his specific plan for getting 500 engineequipped planes a day out of the autoThe
motive industry’s excess capacity.
500-planes-a-day figure was ridiculous
on the face of it, for certain key machine
tools and skills that are necessary to
plane production just did not exist in
(When
Ford
Detroit in late 1940.
started to manufacture Pratt & Whitney engines on license in a specially
built plant in 1941 the first “‘green-run”’
tests showed how difficult a thing it is
for automobile men to master the narrow
But
tolerances of the aviation game.)
the ‘6500 planes a day’? headline was
undoubtedly for attention-calling pur|
poses.
There were three basic elements in the
original Reuther plan: conversion of the
idle facilities of the automobile industry
to war use; pooling of the equipment and
man power of the entire industry into a
single, co-ordinated organization; and a
voice for labor, jointly with management
and government, in the managerial decisions and planning of what might be
Convercalled ‘‘Detroit Incorporated.”
sion of the industry was to be achieved by
designing new tools and dies, jigs and
fixtures for existing basic machinery.
The industry was to abandon any idea
shoulders lay chief production responsiSubsequently, Mr.
bilities in OPM.
Hillman reported Mr. Knudsen’s verdict
to the UAW plan man.
“We can’t get the automobile industry
to move that fast,’ the former president
of General Motors said.
This so-called “‘brush-off” from Bill
Knudsen did not dampen Reuther’s
As he puts it, the UAW might
ardor.
be called specialists at the job of building
UAW
fires under the motor industry.
shop chairmen and local union officers
They turned in
began making asurvey.
data on production capacities, on idle
machines, on available skilled help.
Tool- and die-makers were consulted on
Ben Blackwood,
the technical problems.
he knew of automobile dies, jigs, fixtures,
of making °42 models and would thus
free its 12,000 to 15,000 skilled mechanics
for the
dies.
terms
planes
job of building the new tools and
Reuther spelled out his plan in
of aircraft production because
seemed the most vital need of the
democracies
at war
and
because,
as a
seasoned campaigner for new ideas, he
realized the need for a dramatic approach.
Long before he was ready with the
details, but already confident of the
soundness of his basic principles, Reuther
ner,
Mr.
Knudsen,
on
whose
broad
one of GM’s ablest tool- and die-makers,
was
a bluff and proud craftsman,
‘Together they
Reuther’s chief assistant.
labored for months, far into the nights.
By November of 1940 they felt themselves
on sure ground.
In a classroom at Cass Technical
High School, on Detroit’s grimy West
Side, an unofficial production council|was
There were about twentyconvened.
five in the group, designing engineers,
tool- and die-makers, men who had labored for years in the shops of GM,
Chrysler, Ford, Murray Body, Briggs,
At the blackHudson, and Packard.
board, chalk in hand, Reuther outlined
the various stages through which, he
claimed, the industry could turn out
hundreds of pursuit planes a day by retooling idle machinery and by adding
He argued that
some new machines.
the first planes made in the auto industry
could be flown away in six months;
others in the group were conservative
and held it would take at least seven
months: The seminar adjourned to
inspect airplane motors mounted in an
648
HARPER’S
adjacent room of the high-school building where all-night vocational training
classes were in progress.
The Rolls
Royce and other airplane motors they
saw presented no apparently insurmountable difficulties, even though men from
the Pratt & Whitney plant at East
Hartford, Connecticut, would have told
them differently.
After the inspection the group reconvened
in
the
classroom.
‘‘Well,
what
do you think?
Can we do it?”’? Reuther
put the proposition.
Only two among the twenty-five dissented.’ One thought airplane motors
were too tough “‘to fool around with’’;
the other dissenter couldn’t see why “‘we
should help the bosses run their plants
more efficiently.”
The UAW production experts spent
the next few weeks putting the plan down
on paper.
They carefully documented
their claim that there was idle machine
capacity in the plants of the industry.
Here again the men in the shops turned
production experts, using the entire auto
industry as their laboratory.
Here the
UAW had an advantage over the separate automobile companies.
GM certainly knew its own plants and capacities;
Ford knew his, and Chrysler knew its
plants; but the UAW could cut across
corporate lines and draw on the experiences of all of them, as well as of the inde-
pendent tool and die shops and parts
plants. .
The story of the Reuther plan, as the
UAW tells the story, now moves to the
Washington stage. Reuther has always
insisted that the attitude of Mr. Knudsen
and OPM’s dollar-a-year men was one
of contemptuous obstruction.
He contrasts this attitude with that of the larger
part of the press and of a few men in
government who gave Reuther encouragement enough to keep his idea from
suffocation. Judge Patterson, UnderSecretary of War, and Col. Robert
Lovett, in charge of the Army’s aircraft
production, were continuously helpful
to the man from the CIO.
The proposal first reached the public
MAGAZINE
on December 22, 1940, when Philip
Murray, president of the Congress of
Industrial Organizations, and R. J.
Thomas, head of the UAW-CIO,
warded it to President Roosevelt.
forThe
President, tossing labor a public bouquet
for its constructive attitude, sent the
proposal to OPM.
From this point on
it was several months before Mr. Knudsen got round to discussing the program
across the table with Thomas, Reuther,
and some of their colleagues.
Il
Meanwhile, the automobile and the
aircraft industries got busy with what
Reuther insists was the ‘“‘brush-off.’’ The
automobile industry did not speak out
directly. But the UAW can cite a host
of presumably inspired skeptical articles
in trade publications.
Then there was
the well-timed article in the Saturday
Evening Post, by Charles F. Kettering,
president of the General Motors Research Corporation.
Kettering pleaded
for patience with the industry.
‘‘Guns
are not windshield wipers,’? was the
theme of his effort. At UAW headquarters in Detroit they interpreted this
as an attempt to belittle Reuther’s plan
without giving it the recognition of
direct mention.
‘Tanks are different,’’ said Boss Ket,
“so the plants must be different.
When
the gong rang no tank-making plant was
in existence.”
Kettering admitted that
when the automobile industry got into
mass production of war materials the
amount of weapons turned out would be
‘‘staggering,’’ but, he added, “‘for a long
time, while we are ‘making ready,’ the
speed is going to be anything but blinding.”?
Like Reuther himself, Kettering
was of course thinking of an industry
which would continue to make some
automobiles.
The airplane industry was less guarded
in its criticism. The UAW gleefully
quotes from the Wall Street Journal of
Dec. 24, 1940, which announced that
“Holders of aircraft shares are not par-
THE
STRANGE
OF
STORY
ticularly pleased at the prospect that the
automobile industry may use some of its
facilities for mass production of planes.”
The Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce, through its president, Col. John
H. Jouett, became the most vigorously
He took
outspoken critic of the plan.
the number of man-hours and the
amount of plant space required to
make a plane by custom or hand-built
methods and multiplied them by five
This produced some
hundred a day.
But what Reuther
astronomical figures.
was proposing was not the aircraft inmo
to
au
the
er
th
ra
t
bu
cs
ni
ch
te
’s
ry
dust
bile industry’s mass production methods.
s,
ow
kn
ne
yo
er
ev
as
,
on
ti
uc
od
pr
ss
Ma
means
fewer workers,
fewer man-hours,
and far less plant space.
The most effective stab at the UAW’s
proposals was circulated by courtesy of
On January ist an
the Associated Press.
AP dispatch from Washington quoted
“OPM experts” to the effect that the
plan had been reluctantly turned down
For a year thereafter,
as impractical.
until January,
1942,
it was
taken
for
granted that the plan had been thoroughly
analyzed by OPM and found wanting.
As we
shall see, there
were
some
valid
objections to the Reuther plan as it related to plant capacity then idle, but the
OPM?’s concealment behind a group of
anonymous “experts” did Mr. Knudsen
Following apno good with the CIO.
pearance of OPM?’s story, a concerted
in
an
pl
the
ry
bu
to
de
ma
s
wa
effort
silence.
In spite of OPM’s dismissal of Reuther,
news commentators thought the plan
Walter Lippmann,
had some merit.
Dorothy Thompson, Ernest Lindley, and
Raymond Clapper, among others, argued
w
Ne
of
cle
cir
de
wi
A
g.
in
ar
he
a
for
Dealers took the same position. Jerome
es
ti
ri
cu
Se
the
of
an
rm
ai
ch
en
th
k,
an
Fr
and Exchange Commission, convened a
Sunday morning breakfast at the capital’s
There for several hours
Cosmos Club.
H.
hn
Jo
to
m
ra
og
pr
his
ed
in
tl
ou
r
he
Reut
Carmody, Laughlin Currie, Paul V.
McNutt, Tom Corcoran, President Dyk-
THE
REUTHER
649
PLAN
stra of the University of Wisconsin, Leon
Henderson,
and
several
Hen-
others.
derson gave the program his enthusiastic
approval; Carmody, an engineer, was
satisfied with Reuther’s answers to his
Quickly the group
stiffest questions.
sensed the great difficulty that would
confront adoption of the plan: how to
overcome the resistance of the automoEdward F. McGrady,
bile corporations.
with
his usual
bluntness,
said:
‘“‘It can
probably be done, but who the hell will
pay attention to a squirt of a labor
An aide of the Secretary of
leader???
the Treasury, Harry White, was so impressed he asked Reuther to meet the
A Sunday
Secretary that very day.
afternoon conference followed at Mr.
He agreed to
home.
Morgenthau’s
place the plan before the President for
an extended hearing.
‘There is only one thing wrong with
warned.
Morgenthau
the program,”
“Tt comes from the ‘wrong’ source.”’ —
On March Ist, several weeks after
the “OPM experts” had rejected the
plan, Mr. Knudsen sat down with
Reuther and Thomas to discuss it.
‘Mr. Knudsen and I had previously
met, on opposite sides of the table,”
Reuther said later on. ‘I thought on
this matter of national defense we might
I was mistaken.”
sit on the same side.
The labor leaders and automobile
management’s
greatest
production
man
On
came to grips almost immediately.
the question of production of wings and
fuselage there wasn’t much disagreeBut Knudsen insisted that only
ment.
a very small percentage of the industry’s
existing plants could be adapted for
making the parts of an airplane motor.
He finally proposed:
Reuther dissented.
‘Suppose we go through an auto plant
with you, go over the machines, and see
what we can use and what we can’t use.”’
Mr. Knudsen asserted he didn’t have the
authority to take Reuther through a
Sidney Hillman, who was also
plant.
present, thought that such an expedition
might be arranged without much difficulty.
According to the CIO version, Mr.
650
HARPER’S
MAGAZINE
Knudsen finally offered to give the
UAW men a set of blueprints of a standard airplane motor.
Reuther was to
break down the job and indicate what
available machinery could be used.
At this point the history of the Reuther
plan gets bogged in a mess of contradicIn the March 25, 1941,
tory claims.
issue Of Defense, Knudsen said:
“They [the union] wanted to go into
the shop as a union committee and try
to design fixtures for the present machinery. . . . We had to stall on that
one and say that it couldn’t be handled.
He [Reuther] agreed to get us drawings
and come down and study them—a set
of drawings for one motor to look over
and get into a little closer.”
Mr. Knudsen’s memories of the meeting thus flatly contradict Reuther’s claim
that Knudsen himself had promised to
provide the drawings of the airplane
motor.
UAW’s account of the meeting
has it that Knudsen, after promising the
blueprints, finally sent word that the
prints were military secrets and could not
be studied except at the OPM office.
Reuther would be given an opportunity
at some future date to come up to OPM
and work on the blueprints there.
When Mr. Knudsen left OPM
ten
plant, a new factory for building airplane
motors was made ready for 1942 production.
Chrysler built a tank arsenal
for the government, and Hudson a naval
ordnance plant. Alone among the Big
Three, GM did some real converting; a
small portion of its plant was turned over
to the manufacture of Oerlikon antiaircraft guns and other ordnance. GM,
of course, had all along been making
army trucks and Allison Pa
ood
airplane engines.
If the United States had managed to
keep clear of “shooting war,” and if
Japan had been satisfied to limit her
fighting to the war in China, the
Reuther plan would doubtless have died
a painless death.
Toward the end of
the summer, however, Reuther began to
win some important new support.
Before the forum provided by Representative John H. Tolan and his investigating
committee, Donald M. Nelson and Alex
Taub, one of Britain’s ablest automotive
engineers, revived the question: Why
isn’t the automobile industry doing more
for national defense?
“A great deal of the present machinery can be converted to making defense
materials,’? Mr. Nelson, then director of
the Supplies, Priorities, and Allocations
waiting for an invitation to see the prints.
see the size of the new [defense] program,
our ideas will completely change as to
what we can do with present machines
rather than buying new tools.”
Taub testified in October that, whereas
the auto industry had insisted in December of 1940 that only 10 or 15 per cent of
its facilities could be made available for
months
later, Reuther
said he was still
III
Through the summer and fall of 1941
the war came closer.
to supplying
the
U.S.S.R.,
the
Britain, committed
embattled
needed
more
armies
and
of
more
fighting planes and war materials.
Reuther kept talking of his plan through this
period, but the automobile industry was
off on a different tack.
In general, the
theory was that the automobile companies would supply the organization
and the engineering to run new plants
that were specially designed for war production.
Ford got to work on his
gigantic new bomber plant at Willow
Run, just outside of Ypsilanti, Mich.
At River Rouge, alongside the older
Board, told the committee.
‘‘When we
defense production, ‘‘to-day, with curtail-
ment on the premises, it is freely admitted that 50 per cent can be used for
defense, with a possibility in some areas
of 70 per cent.”
Before long Mr. Taub’s as well as
Walter Reuther’s views were being
thrown at Mr. Knudsen in Congressional
hearings and by newsmen.
“Taub”
and ‘“‘Reuther’ became names which
were certain to ruffle the otherwise
gentle production giant.
Meanwhile a
THE
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THE
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651
tremendous row was brewing within the
ranks of those entrusted with responsiThere came
bility for national defense.
promises of a huge ‘“‘victory program”
in which all-out conversion was to be a
Donald M. Nelson was its
basic plank.
chief advocate and he was steadily gathering support among the more aggressive
of the men round the President.
Civilian car production for 1941 was the
second highest in the history of the industry.
Profits of three large automotive companies for the first nine months
The morning after Pearl Harbor, the
nation woke up to wonder why people
like Nelson and Taub hadn’t been given
a green light months earlier. But the
wonder was distinctly a product of
hindsight: before December 7th no one
in the entire country believed the
Japanese could sink or disable several
British and American battleships at the
‘Those ships were
very onset of war.
counted on to hold the rubber country
and the rubber lanes; when they were
put out of commission the Indies were as
good as lost. Seizing upon the disillusionment of December 8th, the UAW
proceeded to use the Reuther plan as a
peg upon which to hang a multitude of
“‘T-told-you-so’s.”” But in this the UAW
was being self-righteous.
Before distributing any praise or
blame for Detroit’s pre-December 7th
war production, let us go back to the
A
Michigan mood of October, 1941.
very few people—Walter Reuther was
one of them—were disgusted with the
progress of defense activity in the Detroit area. Senator Harry Byrd had
put the all-outers’ criticism in pointed
form when he rose in the Senate to say:
“The United States in the past year
succeeded in producing 5,000 combat
planes and five million automobiles.”
In October of 1940 leading car manufacturers had resolved ‘“‘to subordinate
work on automotive model changes to
the necessities of the defense program.”
Sixteen months later the Automobile
Manufacturers Association made another
pledge of production for defense; but
in the meantime the industry had pro-
General Motors, at a Washington interview.
‘You mean you were doing your greatest business with your left hand?”’
duced and sold more than 4,300,000 cars
and commercial
trucks,
all ’41
models.
of 1941 rose to $430,604,778, a tidy increase over their profit for all of 1940.
‘“‘We were sort of doing the automobile
business with our left hand [in 1941] and
going ahead with anything we could get
to do,” said C. E. Wilson,
President of
‘TY es, sin,”
‘“That is a pretty good hand to keep in
operation, isn’t it?”
Left hand or not, that is the way the
people of the United States wanted
things up to December 7th. K. T. Keller and C. E. Wilson and Edsel Ford, as
capitalists who never mind betting on a
sure thing, would assuredly have taken
any war production orders issued from
Washington, but “guns and _ butter’
was still the official philosophy of practically everybody, from the President on
Naturally “‘guns and butter”
down.
sentiment prevailed in Michigan.
The
automobile industry made a show of
taking on a wartime coloration by canceling its usual flossy New York exhibitions of 1942 models, but “open house”’
shows were staged by dealers throughout
‘The new models contained
the country.
substitutes for the scarce and valuable
Cast
critical and strategic materials.
iron had been substituted for aluminum
in the pistons; horns were made of steel
There was a
stampings instead of zinc.
good deal of ‘‘bright work” on the showroom
models,
but on all cars delivered
after the first of the new year the industry
announced that chrome and nickel would
be replaced on bumpers and hubcaps
with common paint, which might need
So,
retouching every thousand miles.
whatever the criticism of the industry for
having spent time and energy and skill
on the jigs, dies, fixtures, and new assembly line combinations for 1942, it cannot
be said that the Messrs. Keller, Wilson,
652
HARPER’S
and Ford were entirely unaware of
stringencies to come.
By November the Big Three managers
were ready and willing to accept a
2,000,000 car year in 1942, even though
they might be wistful about it. But
when Leon Henderson ordered a fifty
per cent cut in production, the UAW
showed just as much perturbation as the
automobile executives.
‘The UAW rank
and file was pretty well agreed on an aidto-Britain program, which marked an
advance over the isolationist sentiment
that had pervaded the union when
Homer Martin was leading it. Few,
3
In
however, wanted ‘“‘shooting war.”
the UAW locals, faces were gloomy as the
statisticians figured that the fifty per cent
cut in car production would throw from
100,000 to 150,000 auto workers into the
streets by January.
Even the minority
that was in favor of getting into the war
on all fours didn’t like this prospect.
With
Pearl
Harbor,
however,
the
UAW, sensing the chance for a propagandistic kill, began to retouch the face
of the past.
The Reuther plan, which
had been the baby of one wing of the
UAW, suddenly became the proposal of
all “labor.’?
At union headquarters it
was forgotten that the powerful George
Addes group of the UAW, which had
been John L. Lewis-isolationist even
after
Hitler’s
invasion
of
Russia,
had
never been particularly vociferous about
war conversion.
And it was also conveniently forgotten that Reuther’s idea
had been merely a slightly more rigorous
variant of the philosophy of “guns and
butter.”’
Reuther had been ahead of
the majority in his own union in estimating the shape of the future, and he
had certainly been ahead of the automobile managers.
But for all that, the
Reuther plan was still pre-Pearl Harbor.
IV
Whenever a people is taken unawares,
the hunger for a sustaining mythology
proceeds to manufacture scapegoats and
MAGAZINE
heroes out of ordinary well-meaning
citizens.
The UAW’s particular villain
is Knudsen; as the automobile companies’ Own representative in OPM, so
Walter Reuther says, he could have
forced an early wartime conversion of the
industry on the President, Congress, and
the War and Navy departments.
The
Tolan and Truman committees, also hot
for the manufacture of scapegoats, have
echoed the UAW latter-day sentiment.
“Only a negligible part of this great
capacity [of the automobile industry] is
presently employed in the war effort,”
said a Tolan report.
‘‘Manufacturers
have been reluctant to convert their production facilities from civilian to military
production; and the defense agencies of
the Federal government have not required such conversion.’
As for the
Truman
committee,
it has
been
even
more severe in its indictment of the automobile industry.
The ‘“‘you’re-the-traitor’? psychology reached its climax in
the CIO’s “Mr. OPM?” open letter
which appeared in all the Washington
newspapers as a paid advertisement
shortly after Pearl Harbor.
Now, it must be admitted that OPM
fumbled the defense job.
But the fault
was inherent in its very structure, which
placed the decisive power not in the
hands of Knudsen-Hillman, but in the
White House.
OPM was a creature of
its time, the temporizing, shilly-shallying
reflection of a confused and divided
people.
Bernard Baruch had criticized
it from
the
start,
but
to no
avail.
It
could have been abolished or changed in
a twinkling any time after the passage of
Lease-Lend zf the people of the United
States, pressing upon Congress and the
President, had seen fit to issue a popular
order.
Knudsen may fairly be blamed
for not having pushed war production to
dizzier speeds.
But in blaming Knudsen one is also blaming a national mood.
And in a democracy the mood of the
people is not lightly to be ignored.
Whatever may be said about Knudsen
and the automobile industry prior to
December 7th, the fact remains that the
STRANGE
THE
OF
STORY
PLAN
REUTHER
THE
653
people of the United States were not
ready to give up new automobiles entirely
until the rubber lines to the Indies had
become a major war front.
To meet the public demand for action
rary wartime socialization might have to
large conference of automotive management, labor, and governmental experts.
The conduct of the conference sealed
OPM?’s doom and brought about apAt the OPM
pointment of Mr. Nelson.
gathering Walter Reuther presented a cogin
br
,
ng
li
oo
-t
re
for
m
ra
og
pr
d
te
na
di
or
ing his original thesis up to date. Nom.
hi
e
ng
le
al
ch
to
ly
ic
bl
pu
e
os
ar
dy
bo
Later, five spokesmen of industry met
l
ua
eq
an
th
wi
es
ic
sp
au
M
OP
r
de
un
number from labor, four from the UAW-
have been aimed at Congress, the Army,
the Navy, and the President as ComFor Congress conmander-in-Chief.
trols military appropriations, and the
chiefs of the armed forces presumably
know what it takes to do a given war-
after December
CIO,
and
one
7th, OPM
from
summoned
Mr.
AFL.
the
a
t
gh
ri
s
r’
he
ut
Re
.
Mr
ed
on
ti
es
qu
Wilson
to participate in discussions of producin
ed
st
re
te
in
e
ar
u
yo
f
“I
.
cs
ni
ch
tion te
,”
us
th
wi
b
jo
a
u
yo
ve
gi
l
I’l
,
on
ti
uc
od
pr
s
wa
r
fe
of
e
Th
d.
tol
s
wa
r
he
ut
Mr. Re
politely declined.
al
sm
di
a
on
d
de
en
ce
en
er
nf
co
e
Th
a
to
ed
re
ag
n
se
ud
Kn
.
Mr
gh
ou
note, alth
mco
bsu
t
in
jo
a
h
ic
wh
by
se
mi
compro
d
ul
wo
r
bo
la
d
an
nt
me
ge
na
ma
mittee of
ng
ti
er
nv
co
in
t”?
sis
“as
to
t
gh
ri
e
th
have
of
g
in
et
me
st
fir
e
th
en
Wh
.
ry
st
du
the in
ob
s
wa
it
ed
en
nv
co
e
te
it
the sub-comm
no
d
ha
it
at
th
d
ne
er
nc
co
all
to
vious
grant
of
power
nor
even
instructions from OPM.
the committee sat down
academic
discussion,
any
explicit
By the time
for its second
OPM
itself
was
on
ls
Ne
.
Mr
d
an
;
nt
te
is
ex
nno
y
ll
virtua
was indicating that he would have no use
for ‘“‘debating societies.”
Meanwhile,
had
the
been decided.
issue
of
conversion
‘‘There is nothing
else to do now,” said Mr. Knudsen.
The UAW’s second proposal, that the
t
ea
gr
a
for
ed
ol
po
be
s
tie
ili
fac
’s
ry
indust
in
ll
sti
s
wa
,
ort
eff
e
ns
fe
de
ve
ti
ra
pe
-o
co
to
ed
re
ag
n
me
es
ok
sp
e
at
or
rp
co
;
air
the
Co
.”
on
ti
ma
or
nf
“i
d
an
s”
ea
id
“pool
ordinated exchange of facilities and
be
d
ul
wo
,
ed
in
ta
in
ma
on
ls
Wi
.
Mr
n,
me
However, Mr. Nelson
“socialization.”?
soon made it plain that at least a tempo-
|
|
be risked.
In the history of the battle for conwar
verting
our
industry
to
place.
His
animus,
however,
purposes,
Walter Reuther’s name will hold a high
should
It was up to Congress and
time job.
the chiefs of the armed forces to supply
the pattern and motives and money for
action which alone could have resulted
in fruitful orders to Detroit’s industry.
As Louis Sullivan used to say, “Form
follows function, function creates form.”
And it was not until after Pearl Harbor
that the United States had a clear functional relationship to the war that could
result in total conversion of the automobile industry.
The
lack of a Washington
plan or
com
al
ion
nat
ar
cle
of
k
lac
the
n,
ter
pat
mitments and dedication, made Walter
Reuther’s pre-Pearl Harbor argument
that eighty-five per cent of the automobile companies’ machinery was “‘convertible’? a matter of largely empty
And
Convertible to what?
verbiage.
was he referring to tools or to machines
the
On
ls?
too
for
gs
tin
set
the
are
which
other hand, the industry, in putting out
statements that only ten or fifteen per
cent of its facilities could be adapted to
psli
and
ue
vag
as
t
jus
was
s,”
use
“other
pery as any statement in the original
For obviously, if the
Reuther plan.
of
ns
lio
mil
for
ket
mar
the
in
e
wer
Army
trucks, practically all of the automotive
to
d
pte
ada
be
ld
cou
es
in
ch
ma
s
ry’
indust
On the other hand, converwar uses.
sion of automobile factories to make
machine guns or cartridge brass would entail problems of much greater difficulty.
n
sio
ver
con
r
ove
nt
me
gu
ar
le
who
The
in
er
ev
at
wh
se
sen
no
de
ma
percentages
default of War and Navy Department
orders for definite equipment.
,
ea
id
on
si
er
nv
co
e
th
of
s
es
en
gu
va
The
654
however,
HARPER’S
with its stab-in-the-dark men-
tion of planes, was not what really killed
the Reuther plan with Knudsen and the
automobile managers.
To uncover their
real objections one must look at the
second and third planks in Reuther’s proposal.
The pooling idea, offered in a
time when the country was still officially
at peace, cut squarely across the competitive lines of our most violently competitive big mass-production industry.
Conversion of the factories would have
dealt a quick mortal blow to dealer organizations that fight in the field for
the car market.
But the pooling idea
seemed to portend an even worse disaster to inter-company competition.
To
ask Chrysler’s Mr. Keller to turn over an
engineering secret in peacetime to the
Ford Motor Company, which is traditionally more interested in production
methods than in engineering, was like
asking Mr. Keller to dispense with an
arm oraleg.
During war of course Mr.
Keller may have to deprive himself
figuratively of his limbs, but in December, 1940, when Reuther was talking of
pooling, the country was still halfisolationist in sentiment, and only a
handful of people looked forward to total
war commitments.
The pooling plank
in the UAW proposal, then, was a propagandistic boomerang.
It could only increase the managers’ general suspicion
that Reuther was out to foist “‘socialism”
on Detroit under a specious cloak of
‘‘patriotism.”
To-day of course pooling of machines
and know-how must be undertaken as
a war measure.
But in the original
Reuther plan it was tied up with the third
plank, that which called for industrylabor-government managerial councils.
The proposal to let labor have an equal
voice with industry and the government
in settling problems of management impressed the automobile men as a trick by
which the UAW, in cahoots with a labar-
minded New Deal, would end up as boss
of the factories.
As Reuther shaped up
his plan for councils, Detroit could see
an American version of the Fascist cor-
MAGAZINE
porative State emerging.
And, indeed,
the seeds of Fascist control do lurk in the
industry-labor-government council plan.
For under any such tripartite board, .
decisions would inevitably be political.
Government would be forced to take the
side of labor or industry.
If it voted consistently with labor, the cry of “‘socialism’”’
would be used to impede production or
to force a coup d’état.
If it voted with
management, Reuther himself would be
the first to yell ‘‘Fascism.’?
With a war
on our hands, it is probably just as well
that management has been allowed
to manage, with the War Production
Board’s Ernest C. Kanzler undertaking
the job of pooling when pooling is necessary.
All of this does not mean of
course that labor should be given further
“‘brush-offs’” when it has creative ideas
to offer.
Some day the impartial historian will
be amazed by the history of the Reuther
plan.
He will be amazed that a good
basic idea, fragmentary though it was,
could have been made such a political
football by both sides in a period of
accelerating national crisis when the
existence of the nation was at stake.
But in distributing the blame the im-
partial historian will, if he is honest, be a
little gentler with the United Automobile
Workers than with the management of
the automobile companies.
For, after
all, Walter Reuther did have a glimmering of what had to be done, and he did
have the gumption to proselytize his idea.
Beyond this, the impartial historian
won’t worry very much about the labormanagement ruckus that went on in
Detroit from December, 1940, to December, 1941.
He will be too busy trying to
find out why there was no central direction in Washington, no over-all plan to
make the nation ready for the biggest
war in history. And he will be too busy
trying to fathom the psychology of the
American people, who were walking in a
trance that kept Washington from doing
any real functional thinking, planning,
and acting.
CIO
From United Automobile ‘jorkers,
411 West Miitwaukee Avenue,
TR 1-6600
Detroit
STANDARDIZATION
OF
TANK
to
this
effect
tank
of
ation
of
one
Reuther,
13,
January
ts
its
vice-presidents,
the
the
most
the
effective
at
he
the
bated
out
ARMY
STANDARDIZE
FORD
ENGINE.
of
tanks
interest
of
the
the
of
is
on
City,
com-
that
forgotten
be
engines
tank
and
standardiz-—
created;
be
P.
‘alter
New York
Hall,
pool"
of
production
possible
of
terms
in
ON
some
are
proceedings
of
ALL
FOR
as
General
elaborated
Plan",
production
ENGINE
ONE
of
tank
M-4s
pool
idea
and
urged
that
the
tank
He
engines.
de-
Corporation,
Motors
his
conference
press
joint
a
in
1942,
president
"Reuther
the
"Mr,
the
wide
announcement
THAT
the
Reuther-ifilson
THE
BE
ENGINE
THAT
AND
CUOTED
excerpts
from
form
in mimeographed
issued
by
debate
General
Corporation:
Motors
sc
An
urged
first
speediest
31st,
on IMerch
Wilson,
E.
Here
from
used
through
CIO,
ago
"tank
a
that
| DEBATE
taken
all
in
be
tanks.
C.
merits
it
spelled
and
suggested
has
press
not
did
Glancy
Chrysler.
decided
had
army
will
engine
and
Town
at
address
urged
Reuther,
which
the
a year
production
the
in
duration
for
an
In
Reuther
in
however,
‘vorkers,
Automobile
United
1942,
Detroit—Tank
shortly,
The
engines.
lines
petitive
expected
Gen.
Motors
General
Ford,
by
produced
being
M—4s
USED
the
that
Ford
the
that
indicated
have
sources
other
and
upon;
UAY+-CIO
the
tanks.
medium
all
BY
Bi
of
chief
1942,
11,
URGED
ENGINE
Giancy,
R.
decided
been
had
engine
which
state
FIRST
FORD
SUGGESTED
in
engine
standard
a
install
to
ARMY
December
announced
Center,
U.S.
Alfred
Gen.
Brig.
Automotive
BY
REUTHER
AGO:
A YEAR
LEADER
ENGINE
overail
basis.
Walter
production
America
not
is
I would
Reuther:
coordinated
effort
to
cite
some
and
the
achieve
going
like
to
say
planned
that
on
an
until
industry—
production
maximum
we
that
possible.
"T want
"ve
auto
industry.
Ford,
are
to
going
Chrysler
into
and
specific
examples
ies pecdieien
General
Motors
of
are
of what
the
all
M4
I mean:
tank
going
to
in
the
build
e« os MOre
onus
the
same
tank.
It
varieties
get
can
of
the
stendardization
in
order
to
the
auto
putting
a
to
people
some
production
up
hold
difficulty
more
have
they
57
have
-—- they
main-
the
is
will
a tank
of
out
come
has
that
abortion
auto-
is
this
industry
eutomobile
the
they
talked
that
said
have
organization,
the
in
high
very
are
who
motor,
I have
and
to,
talked
I have
that
engineers
the
Ail
been
Chrysler
several
production,
into
get
has
and
available,
motors
these
have
this
aircraft
an
yet
of
lack
of
Chrysier
is
It
tank.
and
problem,
because
proposing.
ere
their
in
they
when
we
how we
is
about
maintenance
today
industry
not
however,
the M-4,
technical
worst
he
to
in
engines.
mobile
in
tanks
thinking
be
to
the
minimize
motor
right
will,
they
putting
are
now
standardization,
ought
we
that
planning
and
Continental
M4
in
on
going
is
coordination
their
is
about
and
battle,
of
things
"One
overall
On
which
that
been
has
in
lack
had
M-3
important
is most
that
operations
they
the
tanks.
what
is
here
of
of
experience
actual
because
problem
the
with
design
things
British
under
hours
300
about
latest
the
The
problem.
tenance
the
of
One
Chrysler.
at
is
date,
a 12-cylinder
his
with
tank
he
V motor
developed for
an
aircraft
engine
he
has
tank
special
this
a V-8 motor which has
developed
"Ford has
"General
he
and
engine,
from
cut
down
is
trying
developed,
two
putting
is
Motors
been
Diesel
M4
their
engines
in
three
tanks
tank,
the
Detroit
the
third
one
area,
with
the
FORD
EDSEL
and
other
Ford
Edsel
ten
with
the
told me
equipment;
tooling
tank
percent
complete
there
is
motor
in.'
cic
that
they
new
the
plus
all
of
resistance
"Now,
Ford
turn
production,
required
why
it.
discussed
and
augment
to
egeinst
these
people
of
a number
Company
could
they
I asked
standardization.
a lot
have
the
AGREED
with
Ford
Edsel
Ford Motor
would
for
and
in Washington,
I talked to Mr. Donald M. Nelson about it,
iir.
to
tooling
needed
engines
production,
Motors
J
up
problem
the
and they asked me to develop it.
people,
engines,
Diesel
with
one
in
built
engine.
tank
"T took
have
to
going
engines,
automobile
vith
Ford
are,
we
here
"So
are
We
use
couid
certain
out,
Chrysler
wasn't
Everybody
spots
wants
are the kind of things
to
their
line;
all
and General
We
They
on
Lincoln
plant,
Lincoln
production
done,
Mr.
him.
the
of
motors.
replacement
that
90%
tight
the
in
it with
could
said,
put
their
get
'‘Vvell,
own
that are happening,
e+ eMore
sen Sees
of
defense
and
Motors
General
tenks;
then
why
aren't
Chrysler
can
then
test,
under
approved
been
has
asnects
other
some
on
concentrate
the
all
in
put
engines
Ford
the
engine
that
and
engines,
tank
the
all
build
can
Ford
"Tf
production,
tank
are
duplicating
drawings
for
involved
in
that
tank
job,
particular
of
set
one
plant
each
or
shop
tooding
each
to
go
had
If we
make
would
they
job,
tank
work.
engineering
this
of
on
Chrysier
the
on
Ford
and
engineering,
would
thet
tank
seme
the
the
centralized
and
planning,
centralizeu
are
drawings
the
times
three
they
for
work
doing
where
on
Motors
General
for
job,
the
plant,
Ex-—cell-o
the
in
Engineers
duplication,
after
duplication
is
there
the engineering,
"On
problems...
THe FORD ENGINE
ought
tanks
these
of
one
E.-
would
be
the
the
motor,
to
motor,
that
would
the
take
he
thinks
a position
to
be
you
motor
pro-
into
it
get
and
everyone,
supply
to
of
enough
get
can
to
got
have
you
where
now
period
a
in
are
ve
but
fine,
be
able
best
the
being
that
and
of,
enough
get
could
we
one
the
in
were
If we
Reuther:
Walter
"Mir.
pick
engine
of
kind
which
and
job,
best
which
Reutner
Mir.
ask
to
>
standardized?
be
to
C.
like
I would
wilson:
Wir,
7
duction.
"The
than
engine
Ford
the
Army
and
tanks,
have
selling
I am not
General
mss
ought
two
fk
I would
Motors
com-
1s more
«lt
in
it
motor.
the
opposing
nor
about
more
a little
say
to
like
engines,
Diesel
put
and
engine,
Ford
the
Tae
truck.
a
as
problem
maintenance
the
pick
to
fuel
of
kind
same
the
the
with
familisr
more
be
will
en automobile
design.
in
simple
is
it
engines,
more
has
it
engines,
Diesel
automobile
standardized
Wilson:
NT think
our
of arming
to
thing
that.
of
use
country
Many
do.
you
all
when
we
don't
thet
suddenly,
times
we
ought
have
try
to
out
know
some
the
realize
to
exactly
great
is
what
‘Js have
things,
difficulties
the
to
best
put
first
first.
things
The
ers
the
do
to
position
a
in
people
engines.
Ford
whet
than
therefore
end
a uniform,
"hir,,
only
burns
It
fuel
I think.tne
nlicated.
repair
Diesel.
the
special
requires
Diesel
to
the
Chrvsler
combined
how
knows
who
fellow
powerful
more
is
the
than
horsepower
A
motor
Their
that.
are
people
Ford
should
do
it.
be
done,
I don't
to
services
ask
the
personally
are
juite
menufacturers
know
how
good
able,
to
the
any
at
do
it
Ford
time
end
they
have
engine
is
the
or
of
sure
ere
manufactur-
is
5
nots...
eee
mo
re
ahi ais
know
it
tank
for
by
is
a new
a
about
engine,
couple
I have
of weeks,
October.
In
the
maybe
tanks
and
find
out
"This
come
a good
at
all.
by
a Ford
engine,
Yet
use
Edsel
who
is
if
every
it
is
Ford
Lincoln
Ford,
tank
of
product
On
the
a good
that
to
for
is
the
been
might
put
in
entitled
in
a
come
the
along
tanks?
to heve
some
of
purpose.
a difficult
and
engine
Mr.
Ford
where
it
it
one,
to
of whether
should
not
be
built
is
going
be
but
it must
the
Ford
engine
put
in
to
the
be
tanks
powered
a bigger
reserve
efforts
urged
to
means
confirmed
to
by
Mr.
be
able
to
produce
motors
than
anybody
else
there
will
be
to
less
get
the
country
the
more
has
it
successful;
Roush,
in
in
by
strain on
operation,"
Before
again
been
Engineer;
proven
has
has
conferences)
volume
engine
tank
Chief
therefore
a larger
in
the
numerous
and
engine,
and
having
in
is
this
able
are
they
because
a position,
in
is, (end
who
Sorenson,
Their
in actual
are
.
WHAT
his
going
meopie
90%
tank
the
time.
present
Reuther
cuestion
engine
is
Sneildrake,
zuicker,
plant
horsepower,
Mr.
to
on
production
the
not
tooling
by
assistant
Lincoln
in
are
best
has
production
going
services
one
engine.
the
ir.
the
we
the
first
that
are
are
Reuther:
"The
at
ones
the
first.
is
in
the
yuestion
"Mr.
to
that
and
what
also
which
told
longer,
meantime,
"IT think
these
been
GLANCY
the
Boston
standardization
convince
the
Army
went
to
SAID
SUMLER
convention
of
of
LAST
tank
the
of
the
engines.
CIO,
He
desirability
of
on
Nov.
brought
the
ik,
up
to
step.
19h2,
date
He
said,
part:
mje
Under
in
war
effort
technical
they
and
were
Washington
men
He
man.
it
said
and
line
Robert
Patterson,
If
more
fellow
the
generals,
have
to
introduced
us
have
to
would
we
a
not
a dozen
half
to
talked
we
was
he
But
today.
is
the
all
Patterson,
Secretary
as
one
was
there
but
good,
sounded
the
along
us
sent
to
sympathetic.
and
it
than
along
farther
much
would be
talked
cooperative
and
decent
as
and
friendly
very
was
He
War.
of
Secretary
Washington
convince,
"We
to
a man
sell.
He
I had
is
never
the
went
expert
civilian
how
the
we
Ford
Army
They
before.
seen
"After
standardization,
to
over
in
told
Motor
headquarters
charge
him
'He
said:
our
Company
of
tank
story,
could
is
they
and
the
man
you
will
engines.'
how
he
could
do
this
job
get
and
complete
get
the
ee sNOre
5
other
facilities
whom
we
were
a vice
used
unable
president
for
to
other
convince,
of General
production
said
Detroit
that
effect
for
reasons
past
year
Reuther
by
made
tions
when
he
had
will
from
engine
diesel
in
his
debate
with
Wilson
a
chance
operate
on
the
fuel
to
discuss
what
from
springs
levels
duction
increase
could
horsepower
the
in
the
the
of
an
'ideal'
Ford
factors:
(1)
The
told
the
produced
goal
of
Truman
committee
on December
by American
war
plants
tanks
set
by
45,000
in
can
be
has
passed
Ford
can
realize
(4)
and
used
than
all
pro-
competitor
a
additional
the
in
handily
plant
realizing
the
tank."
Secretary
1942,
17,
1942
President
that
power
engine
plant
Lincoln
motors;
Under
POSTSCRIPT:
eliminated
plant
a power
liquid-cooled
(3)
service;
to
converted
medium
had
engineers
provide
the
engine
Ford
by
to
upon
of air-cooled
output
supplied
objective
Army's
guickly
more
the
during
available...
it is easy
(2)
satisfactorily;
tests
basic
these
conten-
the
all
says:
Ordnence
order
Army's
engines.
ago,
in
universally
tank
the
to
The
times
other
at
and
Week
"Standardization
evidently
charge
in
story
a
Gchoid
Week,
Business
a month
plans
future
I was
Glancy,
engine.
Ford
the
on
standardize
to
Business
least
Reuther,
carries
1942,
19,
Dec.
for
Week
is
gentleman,
UPHELD
in
"At
the
CONTENTIONS
outlined
Here
know,
now General
is
He
as
choice,
this
don't
this
area."
decided
has
Army
the
'You
Glancy,
REUTHER
Business
to me:
facilities,
Corporation’...
is
name
in the
production
Motors
"His
of tank
war
—
only
Roosevelt
of
that
War
23,000
a littie
last
Robert
P.
tanks
more
January.
than
Patterson
would
half
be
tne
|
CUTTING
GRINDING
SHAVING
GROUND GEAR
°
SOFT
20 mins.
30.
SHAVED GEAR
=«C«t!
20 mins.
1.5
TOTAL
50 mins.
21.5 mins.
HARDENED
20
30
CUTTING
GRINDING
SHAVING
mins.
20
2
LAPPING
TOTAL
50
COST OF GEAR GRINDING MACHINE -=----COST OF GEAR SHAVER -=men am
COST OF GEAR LAPPER ---a-een—eme
23.5
$14,000.00
6,500.00
3,500.00
LSS/1pe
RESEARCH
281 West
Detroit,
April
Adjuster Pyrometer & Heat
Apprentice First Year
Apprentice Fourth Year
Apprentice Second Year
Apprentice Third Year
Assembler Experimental
Control
the
is not
Assembly conveyor body mount
Assistant Foreman
Attendant Garage Experimental
Auto truck & Trailer repairman
Balancer Helper
Balancing crankshafts flywheels
06460
06603
06601
06720
31440
03220
06800
07200
07400
07600
38002
14,0600
40650
09000
09200
09920
09900
(Skilled
plate
see also 55600
Buffing
Bullard
and all
polishers
Large Parts
Multimatics
and
includes
parts
after
for plating)
Continumatics
(See also 10100 chucking machines
automatic screw machine)
classified
inspectors)
10104
Chucking
(Multiple
Spindle
Automatic
(Multiple
Spindle
Fay Lathe)
Machine
Operator
or
Lei5
1.10
1.10
1.05
1.00
1.00
1.05
Les?
brass
plate
-
and 63800
Camshaft Lathes
Carpenters
Carpenter Helper
Centering
Chamfering and rounding gears only
Checker receiving shipping processing
Checker Work in Process
(Visual check for quality by other than
regular
VSESEBRZS
WEOrFRKOONOW
of work
on all types
before
©
&
Boring or Reaming Machine Oper. precision
heavy including set up
Boring other diamond
Boring other special and heavy
Brazing
Break corners gear teeth polishing wheel
Briquetter machine operator
Broaching
Buffing automatic machine
Buffing Hand Skilled
09800
10000
10105
09600
.
s
&
Shop)
(Engineering Machine
Chip Equipment Operator
Chip Handler
Chippers Air Heavy
Chippers Air Light
Chippers hand light
Chucking Machine Operator
09520
09500
RE
BR
Operator
Blast Wheelabrator
Boring Cylinder Blocks
Boring Mill Operators
Boring Mill Operators
parts
O7L01
e
and.Rattle
¢
‘Blast Shot
Sand
Helper
e
Helper
Maintenance
a
ee)
WW
~
Blacksmith
Blacksmith
Blast
Ee
EEE
40220
05201
. 05600
05800
06400
69800
69801
Feeder
HR
69600
69610
Metal
Metal
Paper
clutch
be
Baler Operator
Baler Operator
Baler Operator
Blacksmith
is controlled
and
Miscellaneous
Balancing
WK
03007
00401
(Where the speed of the operator
by the speed of the conveyor)
<¢o
Assembly
Oo
03001
Conveyor
by
KH
conveyor)
controlled
(Where
ORP
rH
RP
BSSSERSAS
of the
Shop
oe
operator
Machine
1.10
1.15
ORRa
speed
of the
1,00
Instruments
MAXIMUM
eRe
the
02760
04,060
OL,000
04200
O4420
04440
04460
aos
#174
=)
speed
1941
MINIMUM
Assembly Bench Jig & Fixtures
27480
DIV.
Local
DESCRIPTION
CODE NO.
41820
023.10
02340
02320
02330
27200
02601
ALLISON
Michigan
c
CADILLAC&
Detroit
28,
DEPARTMENT, UAW-CIO
Grand Boulevard
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.00
Cone)
Leav
1.10
Cadillac & Allison Div.
DESCRIPTION
MINIMUM
10103
Chucking
Machine
Operator
10102
Chucking
Machine
Operator
(Multiple
Spindle Potter & Johnson Set up)
(Multiple
Spindle
15600
16000
16400
16650
03400
03380
03180
03200
17000
17200
17800
19680
19700
19400
19600
23201
23200
75830
23600
19550
19510
204,00
23751
23750
23801
23800
23850
25000
24800
68820
25800
44600
57600
25200
£3750
23751
(Includes Body Cores
Core Cleaners Other
Core
Core
Core
Core
Makers
Makers
Makers
Makers
Core Makers
Clean Mud Gauge & Paste)
Bench Light
Blowing Others
Jobbing
Machine Heavy
Machine
Light
Core Setters Heavy
Core Setters Light
Crane Hooker or fireman not tool & Die
Crane Operator Bridge Electric
Crane Operator Charging
Crane Operator Hot Metal
Crane Operator Locomotive
Crane Repairman
Crib Attendant general stores
Crib Attendant leader general stores
Crib attendant leader tool die & layout
Crib attendant tool die & layout depts.
Cuoola chargers & loaders
Cupola Liners
Cupola Tappers
Die Maker Graduate Apprentice
Die Maker Helper Temporary
Die Maker Leader
Die Maker Sheet Metal Dies
Die Setters Heavy
Die Setters Light
Die Welder
Dingmen Finish Paint
Dispatcher Material
Dispatcher outside truck
Door Tenders
Draftsman Checker and Estimator Die
Draftsman Checker and Estimator Tool
Draftsman Designer Die
Draftsman Designer Tool
Draftsman Detailer Tool
Drilling General
Drilling Special & Heavy
(Heavy
parts
with possible
or extremely
high
close
scrap loss)
limit
Drivers licensed trucks passenger cars
Driver Licensed Trucks & Passengers cars
Engineering
Drivers Power Truck Inside
Driver Proving Ground non-resident
Driver
Unlicensed
Draftsman
Draftsman
Checker
Checker
Cars
and
and
09)
02.0
nr ©
¢
1.00
Le 00
Our
mC
WN
Clampers
Cleaner Booth Machine Exhaust Stack and conveyor
Clerk Inventory
Clerk Maintenance
Clerk Production Planning
Clerk Purchase Requisition
Clerk R.R. Yard
Clerk Receiving and or shipping
Clerk Record
Clerk Superintendent's
Clerk Tool Inspection
Cleaners Windows
Conveyor Attendant line feeder
Conveyor Attendant Stock Laborer
Core assemblers Cylinder Blocks Including
Leading
Core Cleaners Cylinder Blocks
1,00
90
85
90
095
1,00
0.0.0
DeLower New Britain - see also 07600 Bullards
and 63800 Screw Machine Automatic)
888s
11500
12800
13200
13800
13400
13600
14800
15200
19900
20000
1.15
Goss
Estimator
Estimator
Tool
Die
tis
OOww
11400
Gisholt
s
10730
10670
10940
74,800
03310
03330
11202
Cincinnati
a
57310
Fox
BRR
ER
Q20O000 OO0o0¢
Wr
10200
10600
10880
10840
10750
10920
10860
Natco
MAXIMUM
Potter & Johnson Operator
sO
©
Includes
1,05
e
NO.
Pe
CODE
(GM) - 4174
depts.
1.35
hel
1Lae5
Let?
1.00
% 90%.95
work
1.00
~95
90
90
1,00
90
1.35
1.35
1. .05
1410
1410
1415
15305
1410
1615
1.00
4.05
1.00
a
a
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.10
1,10
1,15
igh5
1.10
1,10
1.10
1.05
1,10
1,10
1.10
1.20
1.20
1.05
1.10
1.10
1.05
1.00
1,10
1.10
1.35
1,20
Cadillac
CODE
NO.
23801
23800
23850
25000
24,800
DESCRIPTION
Draftsman Designer
Draftsman Designer
Draftsman Detailer
Drilling General
Drilling Special &
(Heavy parts or
Die
Tool
Tool
Heavy
extremely
with possible high scrap
Duplicator operator-Allison
25960
41402
274L0
& Allison
close
loss)
limit
Div.
(GM)
- #174
MINIMUR
MAXIMUM
Let
125
1,00
% 90H, 95
1.40
1.40
Led
1,05
1,00
1.05
10
1,25
~90
1.05
work
Electricians Construction
Electrician Experimental
1.10
1,00
10950
114,03
Electrician Leaders
Electricians Maintenance
Le
1.10
Led
30100
30120
00200
30230
274,00
27h20
30501
30600
30200
30201
30400
Filing and Burring
Fire Prevention Men
Foreman
Gage Lapper
Garage Mechanic and Repairman Experimental
Garage Mechanic and Repairman Helper Experimental
Gear Cutter-Transmission Finish
Gear Cutting Finish-Axle
Gear Cutting Motor Gears Finish
Gear Cutting Motor Gears Rough
Gear Cutting Rough-Axle
85
1,00
95
Leh
L4G
14615
41600
Electrician
261,00
Elevator
30803
30802
Helpers
Operator
Gear Mating and Lapping
Gear Mating and Lapping
30500
30801
Gear
Gear
Cutter-Transmission rough
Mating and Lapping Transmission
Gear
Tooth
(Lapping)
30502
31001
(Matching Rear Axle Gears)
(Matching Transmission Gears)
Gear
Teeth
Grinder
General Labor Productive (Foundry)
(Includes clean and handle dryers,
Gisholt
70251
32601
32602
32603
32604
32606
Grinder Operators (Engineering machine shop)
Grinding 411 other blanchard
Grinding all other centerless
Grinding all other internal and external
Grinding all other surface
Grinding all other thread miscellaneous
Operator
Set up
Operators
31200
314,03
31401
Grinding
Grinding
Grinding
32200
32400
37700
60200
07001
Grinding Stand
Grinding Swing Cylinder Block
Hand Lap
Flat Surfaces
Hand Ream Aircraft Parts
Hand Scuffing Sheet Metal
32002
34060
34,600
35721
35720
35750
35803
35801
35802
25961
36022
36021
Grinding
-
camshaft
crankshaft
crankshaft
Snag
Hardeners
Heat Treat
&
Disc
all others
Helpers-Plater
Helpers~Polishers
loaders
and bolt
1.00
1.05
Assembly and Repair
excluding bddy
35980
Inspector
Castings
Body Trim and Hardware
Car Loading Autos
1.10
£630
and unloaders
Inspector
Inspector
Inspector
.90
Li
1.30
1505
36020
36080
36140
~85
1.00
Le2D
135
95
excluding
Test
1.15
1405
1.10
Le lV
»90
95
1,00
~90
1.00
Assembly and Repair
and Silent
4,05
1.00
36023
Block
LeiD
1515
1,15
~V
Honing and Lapping (Cylinder Bore)
Honing and Lapping (Valve Seating)
Hydrotel Operator
Inspector Assembly and Repair excluding Rody
Inspector Assembly and Repair excluding Body
Inspector
1,00
1.05
1.05
1.30
1.10
1.10
Lead
1,10
1015
car)
Inspector
36120
bend
bet0
1.10
Leh5
1435
1,00
1400
1.03
1,00
1405
Only
Hoist Operator - Body Drop
Honing and Lapping (cams, crankshafts
line)
Ls05
1,00
1,00
1.05
1.00
Leh
bearings
crankpin
furnace
Led
1.05
Lead
clean up,
10106
Gisholt
Grinder
085
1,05
95
1.05
1.10
handle sand blast sand, pick scrap, and wires
from belts, unload cores from racks to foundry,
sort stars, door tenders, clean oven pits)
10107
70250
085
Len
tea
body
holes)
(Chassis)
(final
(Motor
(Pit)
Lsl5
1.20
120
1.00
1.05
1,10
1.00
LeLO
90
90
L000
1.00
1.05
95
1,05
1.00
L»i5
1.05
1.15
1,10
1,00
2640
0
1.00
LelO
1.00
1.00
1,00
1.05
095
1540
1.35
1,10
1.10
1.10
Len5
1.10
Cadillac
Inspector
Inspector
Inspector
Inspector
Inspector
Inspector
Layout
Layout helper
Machining Bench
and
Floor
36041
36690
364,20
27600
36440
36480
36500
Inspector
Inspector
Inspector
Inspector
Inspector
Inspector
Inspector
Machining Bench and Floor
New Car
Paint
Parts Experimental
Plating
Receiving
Road or Roll Test
36580
36581
Inspector
Inspector
Sheet Metal Finish
Sheet Metal Finish
36520
36560
36620
36310
36300
36640
Inspector Utility
Tool
23260
37000
Job
Job
374.80
45810
1.7210
Fixture
Leader
Janitor
Setter automatic screw
setters - productive
Chemists
Laboratory Metal
yard
Foundry
Testers
maintenance
38000
38200
70600
70601
Lathes general heavy or close limits
Lathes General Light
Lathe Operators
Lathe Operators (Engineering Machine
38300
99930
38340
38650
38820
38800
38730
38860
39600
39200
39520
Machine
Machine
Machine
394,00
Machine
41100
Marker
1.5600
repair
repair
repair
Magee Wiring
(Band
Panel
46020
Messenger
4,64,00
14,6608
46601
4.6602
46605
machine
general
operator
machinists
and Flanging
Preparatory
Masking
Material
leaders
saw rotary
05401
1,780
helper
repair
Handling
tool
die
shear
to
and center
Shot
Blast
gang leader
and
engineering
punch)
departments
Metal discing and grinding
(Rough grind before metal finishing)
Metal finishing and bumping
(finish discing sheet metal)
Metal finishing and bumping (front fender finisher)
(Covers removing of bumps, dents, die marks, die
stretcher strains, and weld marks from sheet
metal )
Metal finishing and bumping (Hood finishers)
Metal finishing and bumping
(Miscellaneous
sheet metal
1.15
85
085
finisher)
wud
#95
1400
90
ini5
1.30
-1,05
- 1415
1.10
90
1.25
1.00
95
1.05
90
85
90
Men
1435
1.00
1.00
095
1615
1.15
Shop)
Loaders and Unloaders automatic polish and buff
machine
Loading and Boxing autos expert
Loading and Shipping automobiles freight car
Loading and Unloading bodies motor transport
Locksmith
2410
1,20
1605
Crankshaft
Laundry Worker
Learner
Line Feeders Stock
295
1.05
5
Laborer
Lathes
1.10
1.00
43800
37800
and
screw machine
23260, job setter - automatic
Keller Operator Productive
.' Laboratory
(Metallurgical physicists)
Laboratory assistant
Laboratory
setters
die
23200,
also
See
1476
1.00
~85
machine
1.30
Leh5
Liat
1.20
1,10
+90
helper
MAXIMUM
1.15
1,10
1.05
1.10
O95
1.40
Leader
- #174
1.10
14.15
1.10
1,30
1:10
1.00
1415
1.20
(Sets up and adjusts feeds and speeds on
machines or arranges tools for productive
employees.
25962
45860
and
repair miscellaneous
Instrument
Janitor
Die
Tool Die fixture
Inspector
36800
36810
(Miscellaneous)
(GM)
95
1,05
1.00
1.i5
1.00
.90
1,05
295
Special Assignment
Specifications
Standard Tool
Inspector
Inspector
Inspector
Inspector
36760
(Magnaflux)
Inspector Sheet Metal Mechanical
364,00
36390
1.15
1.00
SF
Salvage
Inspector
Div.
MINIMUM
1.05
1.00
95
DESCRIPTION
Final Body
Gear Laboratory
Heat Treat
CODE NO.
36320
36260
36280
36340
36350
36010
& Allison
Lek?
85
hese
1.10
1,405
1430
1.0
1.00
85
1.00
90
*%1,00
95
90
1.00
Lei
1.05
1,00
095
1.10
95
la 35
1.10
LeaS
LeV5
1Lya25
1.30
1,00
1.10
.90
1.00
1.00
1.10
95
1.05
1.15
lezs
‘1025
Lal}
1,25
1,25
1.49
3620
85
. 80
95
«85
Cadillac & Allison Div.
(car washers and blow off
(Kennite Polisher)
(Trim Cleaner)
(trim repairman)
and equipment
control men
554,00
stripers
sheet metal and
sheet metal and
sheet metal and
sheet metal and
hand
Paint touch up men
Painter and Glazier
Pattern maker helper
Pattern maker
Pattern maker
Pattern maker
Pattern maker
metal
metal
wood
wood
and machine
(dulux)
(lacquer)
(Prime)
(repair)
Letd
1.40
bench
leader
1,05
85
Le dD
chrome
1.00
tank)
1.00
1.00
90
solution attendant
strippers
Polishers
Polishers
automatic plating
for surface finish
hand
plating
(Includes polish before
07400 Buffing)
Polishers
(Applies
lacquer
to polish after
plate
paint
see 07200
-
or lacquer)
Sew
©
\J
fant
©
E
SS
Re
mre
‘nw
PEE
Wi UT
e
~
FD
“J
1.10
1.00
1.05
1.00
Lead
1.00
456
4%, 95341.00
1.10
1.10
1.20
1.10
1.20
»70
90
(Allison)
leader (Allison)
(Includes metal polishing such as bearing
surfaces used in lieu of grinding)
Polishers
1.10
hee
1.20
responsible for solution
Cadmium Zine and Barrel
Conveyor Men and Rackers
Polish and surface
Polish and surface
1.40
1,20
1,10
1410
bea
1.05
90
bench
machine
(Conveyor and still
Plating
Platers
wheels
wheels
wheels
wheels
Wr
OF DONNA
ND A
OROMNODBDOOORDDSD
Paint
sprayers
sprayers
sprayers
sprayers
1,00
WORD
nr OO
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paint
1400
I~ al
© ©
jobs)
1.10
a:
grilles)
Paint sprayers chassis and motor
(Covers spraying of frames, axles, transmissions, motors similar sundry rough spray
Platers
Plating
Plating
55650
(radiator
and skiver
53800
54,200
54,800
55800
men
control
wv
sprayer
and
°
Paint
mixers
e
Paint
95
95
paint)
(check and deliver
90
95
95
1.15
¢
Oilers Machinery
Paint mixers and
|
095
95
1,05
1.10
1.30
e
car conditioning
car conditioning
Car conditioning
car conditioning
New
New
New
New
light
medium
helper
helper
light
operators
operators
operators
machine
machine
machine
Molders
Molders
Molders
42180
53600
54,000
55601
1,05
1.05
(Heavy molding machine set up men)|
Molders machine operators heavy (sand slinger)
>
Pipe Fitters
Pipe fitters helpers
Plant layout men
Platers copper, nickle,
53980
54,600
95300
99301
4.05
1005
Mold finishers Heavy
Molders jobbing floor
Molders machine operators
1,05
@
51005
51002
51003
51004
51200
91400
42100
52800
52000
52200
52600
d24,00
1.05
85
1.20
&
50602
51120
50802
Millwrights
Millwright Helper
%, 90%.95
1625
e
50202
50201
50203
42200
50601
and key-slotting when done
1:20
e
4.91.00
50204
1645
1,425
&
50000
4.9600
1645
Milling machine vertical horizontal
Milling machine vertical and horizontal
(Engineering machine shop)
Milling other
(Includes key-seating
on milling machine)
1.25
1425
95
1,00
Hand
Work
Metal Pouring
Milling Heavy
Let
40.9
1.10
1.05
1.10
(Miscellaneous)
(Rear Fender)
Metal Polishing
Metal Polishing
1.25
e
49002
fender
front
Hoods
1245
1.45
BPR
ORM
4.8200:
48800
4.9003
(sheet metal sample)
(touch up front fender
1.25
eee
42000
and bumping
and tumping
ii3
ERP PRR
47800
(rear fender finisher)
(rough discing front
RHR
46800
1.6802
14,6803
16801
47000
1.7600
70800
70801
and bumping
and bumping
MAXIMUM
Ree
46607
46606
Metal finishing
Metal finishing
fender)
Metal finishing
Metal finishing
finish)
Metal polishing
Metal polishing
MINIMUM
ms
46604
46609
12020
DESCRIPTION
NO.
- #174
faa
CODE
(GM)
loading,
66690
67000
66800
31020
(Parts orders)
(receiving clerk)
(shipping clerk)
(radio)
General
Own oO
Ww
NEB
COO
S
e
OOO
0
DODD
PRP RRP RRO
rR
OWMNAWNUNAWN
*
Cd
ut ©
Wi Wt
Wr
bepe be
ee
<7 &2 ©
ee
1.10
1,00
©
leaders
material handler
stock keeper
stock packers
stock pickers
unitizors
Tech.
le
OWNVIWN
SSS
MARU
O
Sea
e
*#
oe
©}
@aoug
ows
Leed
1.25
Lue?
1.00
SF
95
¢*
9)
1.05
e
shop)
1,10
1.10
1.05
°
(Engineering machine
Motors
°95
Wm
inspectors
1.00
O
chief clerk
inspectors
1.10
1.00
aes
checkers
checkers
checkers
Sharpener drill and tool
Shears Helper Rotary and Square
Shears Square Operator
Shears Rotary
Sheet Metal helper experimental
Sheet Metal worker dingman experimental
Sheet Metal worker large samples experimental
Sheet metal worker small samples experimental
Soldering hand small parts
Stock chaser
Stock chaser experimental
Stock k eeper
Stock pickers counters bundlers and packers
Straightening and checking all other
Straightening camshafts crankshafts I Beams
Students
a
e
e
chucking machines)
e
Shaper Operators
1.10
1.00
e
Screw
flight man)
a
machine hand
Service parts dept.
Service parts dept.
Service parts dept,
Service parts dept.
Service parts dept.
Service parts dept.
Service parts dept.
Service parts dept.
Service parts dept.
Service parts dept.
Service parts dept.
Service parts dept.
Shakeout men heavy
Shakeout men Light
Shaper Operators
(See also 10102
elevators,
basement
tend rotary sand feeders,
64,000
80020
80022
80021
80040
80120
80121
801,60
80140
80260
80280
80300
80380
64,600
65000
71400
71401
65100
65600
66630
mix blackening,
a
tend
1.00
hake
1.20
a
loaders,
1.10
1.05
HR
RR Ep
crane
Sand tunnel men
Sanding wet and oil
Saw band operator
Screw machine automatic
281403
65802
66610
57500
crank
plant)
Punch press operator small
Punch press operator toggle 2 & 3 slide
Rack making and repair plating
Radial drill operator
Repair light and heavy (block test repairs)
Repair light and heavy (door shimmer)
Repair light and heavy (final car)
Repair light and heavy (repairing cylinder blocks)
Repair light and heavy (transmission repairman)
Salvage mechanics
Salvage sorter
Salvage sorter leader
Sand conditioners
Sand mixers facing mill
Sand tenders tramrail operator
62220
63000
63200
63800
65200
281,60
284,01
284,02
small
(double cranks and large single
includes cold trimmer at forge
(Includes
1.25
1.05
°
Proving ground mechanic
Punch press helpers medium and
Punch press operator medium
bucket
654,00
Labor)
ee
(Direct
ee
Handler
ae wa
Product
man
oy
Process
1.00
MAXIMUM
Ree
62200
62802
Press Operator Hydraulic or Screw (Coin Press)
(Press for assemblirg and fitting not a punch
press or forging machine)
- #174
ER Re
BPR ERR
Orly & &
POgr
On
61920
62000
helper
boiler operator
repairmen
1.30
~ 90
1.05
1.10
<OOS OO RO
oOOwnsd
61940
095
dipping
e
60602
60606
60601
60607
60604
61880
1.00
e@
70020
house
house
house
09)
e
58800
58400
59700
Power
Power
Power
Leno
e
58600
Polishing large parts
Polishing plating Hi-Cycle
Polishing wheel set up
Porcelain Enamel Spraying and
Power Hammer Metal Forming
(GM)
e
57200
57250
57800
59200
MINIMUM
e
55651
55652
25420
55920
27700
57000
56800
56860
57100
DESCRIPTION
NO,
Div.
Pee
Re P
BPR EP
eo
2s e@
CODE
& Allison
bh RR
QrOWe
Cadillac
Cadillac
CODE
DESCRIPTION
NO,
MIN IMUM
67300
57560
67720
67800
67600
68300
14,3350
43400
71610
72200
694,01
6944.0
69500
69200
69201
69403
Sweeper fac tory
Templet and Model checker
Test Equipment construction and Maintenance
Thread and tap general
Thread and tap heavy
Timekeepers
Tinsmith le ader
Tinsmiths Maintenance
Tool and die maker helper
Tool gauge and fixture repair
Tool Maker
Tool Maker ~ Graduate Apprentice
Tool Maker Helper temporary
Tool Maker Leader
Tool Maker Leader (Engineering machine shop)
70060
40150
69541
Tool
Tool
Tool
markers and follow up
repair portable power driven~air
room floor helper
Tool
troubl e& man
97330
28800
74.600
75002
Washers
Washing
75001
Washing machines
75200
75931
Water testers radiator and
Welder Arc and Gas layout
29000
76200
76201
Welder
Welder
76800
76801
76600
14,3600
75600
75601
75400
77800
781,00
78800
29201
29220
29200
29180
1,00
1.20
1.20
1,15
1.00
1.40
1.40
automobile experimental
machines metal cleaning
(Gasoline washer)
metal
parts)
(production
(Engineering machine
Experimental
machine butt
Welder machine
Welders
Welders
Welders
machine
machine
machine
(Acetylene
cleaning
projection
(flash welder)
block
and
electric
helper)
and
arc
and
heavy
Welding arc finish bore
Wire Benders hand
Wire pullers heavy
Wire pullers light
Woodworker or Model maker
Woodworker or model maker
Woodworker or model maker
Woodworker or model maker
tube
1.05
1.10
1.00
1.05
1,00
29)
gun
helpers
helpers
welders
(Atomic Welder)
Rate
cylinder
shop)
seam
Welders Machine spot
Welders maintenance gas
Weld Acetylene and arc
Welding acetylene rough
60 Day Rate
vg
1.05
(Potential foreman who have the ability to work
on a number of different jobs)
Hiring
uopwa
eio026
Le2d
shop)
(Engineering machine
33910
73200
Th, 00
76400
1.10
85
095
1.00
Tool Maker Machine Hand
(Engineering machine shop)
Trimmer experimental
Truck repair gas and electric
Trucker hand and stock laborer
Tumbling mill operators medium
Utility Men
73120
& Allison Div.
experimental
helper experimental
Kellerform exp.
leader experimental
090
1.00
1,15
1.10
1.10
1.L0
«90
«I>
Le2d
9
1.25
1.45
(GM)
- #174
MAXIMUM
85
1,25
09)
1.05
1,10
1.05
1440
1.20
1615
1,35
Le 35
1,30
1el5
9-6-41
PRATT & WHITNEY GEARS WITH GROUND TEETH ~
oo — a
———
os
a
ee
tm
GB-32205 |
aap
ene
poem
.
ntane
a.
_
.
=~
a
conn
a
32455 |
Gear
Reduction
Driving
377321
Gear
Reduction
Drive
Small
re eta
tense
%
Poa
ee a ee aan
- eae
aoe
Shaft
Pump
40160 | Gear O11 Pressure
mee
nett
e
NeeenEnee
Wr Oo NTN
EN SDE DEMONS
nLN ane
Drive
Accessory
Adapter
ETD Cone
ne nen
eae
a
maa
anne
Sent
tee
eee
ey
Gear
9.45:1
Rear
37767 | Gear Crankshaft
37,00 |
Gear
Fuel
Ratio
High
e
iv
Dr
mp
Pu
n
io
ct
Su
011
ar
Ge
40416 |
47335 | Gear Distributor Drive
31221 |
27040
26617
38229
37331
37134
|
|
|
|
Gear Generator Drive Intermediate
Pinion Distributor Driver
“Part
eee ce eee
nnn
nn nnn
GEARS
WHITNEY
ee
eee
aera
ee
WITHOUT
GB-11338 |
11347 }
Rear Gun
Coupling
TEETH
eee
Control
Magneto
26419 | Gear-Vacuum
29618 | Gear-Driven
31247 |
31398 |
31780 |
31786 |
31787 |
Gear
Pump Drive
Propeller-Governor
Gear-Gun Drive Intermediate
Shaft-Gun Drive Generator-Drive
Adapter Vacuum Pump Drive
Gear-Vacuum
Generator
Pump
and
Driven
Vacuum
32863 | Gear-Magneto Drive
3286 } Gear-Magneto Drive
34903 | Adapter-Crankshaft
35104
Gear-Prop.
Governor
Pump
Drive
Bevel
Bevel
to C'Balance
Driver
37748 |
37749 |
Gear-Front 011 Pump & Prop.
Shaft-Front 011 Pump Driven
38311
Shaft-Intermediate
37762 |
37763 |
38560
40568
&5581
146078
49580
GROUND
Name
NO.
|
|
|
|
|
52039 |
Counterbalance
Counterbalance
Front
Rear
Blower
Gear-Vacuum Pump Driven
Gear-Distributor Driven
Gear~-Distributor Driven
Shaft-Intermediate Blower
Plate-Spring Drive-Fixed
Adapter-Generator
Drive
Drive
Governor
Drive
Drive
1 Nt
me
Wheel
t"
"
P&W
tt
tt
tt
‘1
"
"
°
“
»
7
"
tt
™
Double
*
"
n
"
"
Wheel
"
am
tv
"
"
P&W
"
"
n
v8
"
re
"
"
"
Fitchburg Grinder
Gear Crankshaft Front
Shaft Impeller (2 Gears)
Gear 7.6:1 Blower Interlow Ratio
Shaft accessory drive (2 Gears)
PRATT&
eee
|
a
"
‘"
v
|
ee
"
"
.
|
Drive
Pump
ca
"
Fixed |
inter.
Blower
ain ORR te
"
r
Gea
g
in
iv
Dr
n
io
ct
du
re
Hub
|
37747
|
e
iv
Dr
r
to
ra
ne
Ge
ar
Ge
|
8
4935
36250 |
PEER
ae
Ks a
Aone
Single
|
|
ea
Drive
9-6-4121
PRATT
Scent
ee
Part
No.
GB-37731
324,55
37098
Lhh715
& WHITNEY
GEARS
PURCHASED
eRe
oo
{Gear
ST
WITH
ee
ae
See anna
GROUND
ene
an EE Onn Ton nn Ons NmnNnE
nnn
Reduction
a
eet
Drive-Fixed
Gear Reduction Driving Small
|Pinion Blower Intermediate
Gear-Cam Reduction-Front
|Gear-Reduction
|Gear-Accessory
|Gear-Reduction
Gear-Countershaft
& WHITNEY
26507
32869
IOD UD
DO
TEnImIS EIN
OEE OSRINE ELSONSORE
Driver
Drive Floating
Driving Large
GEARS
|Shaft-Tachometer
PURCHASED
Drive
|Gear-Rear Cam Reduction
{Gear-Mag.
Drive
a
Drive
(In Assy.)
WITHOUT
Name
No.
GB=34069
Lan EnnsC TEE
(Internal)
32456
37137
3238,
Part
ER
a
|Gear-Cam Reduction and Mag. Drive
|Gear-Counterbalance Drive Intermediate
PRATT
Snes SOND 110 eS
Teun
Name
40471
33912
32772
TEETH
Spur
(Helical)
GROUND
TEETH
ce
aan
ie ke cee
anos
RESEARCH
281 West
Detroit,
DEPARTMENT, UAW-CIO
Grand Boulevard
Michigan
October 20, 1941
PORD = AIRCRAPT NEGOTIATED RATES
Local #600
2857
DEPARTMENT
Transportation
Transportation
Aircraft
Dispatcher
Aircraft Stock & Record
Conveyor Loaders
Utility 5¢ above top rate
Oil
Liaw
Le
Lv15
i300
Lee?
1.10
hehO
Lede
Stock
Oil
Aircraft
Oil
Aircraft
Tool
1.20
Stores
Parts
Finished
$1.10
Transportation Drivers
General
Aircraft
Attendant
Crib
Checker
- Department
Stock
Die & Machine Cribs (Others may be
added by Negotiations)
Tool Stock Checker
Tool Stock Ledger Clerk
Tool Trouble Man
Utility Crib Attendant
Receiving
1.20
1.25
1.00
Le
1.20
Led
1,15
Lez
1.20
Leto
bea
ise
1.20
ba. &
Lea
Le
,
1L0
Leto
Lect
1.10
Lev
Laad
Lee
1.25
Li
Leld
1615
Lynd
hee
1.05
4adG
1.00
9D
Lee
les?
Li.
dpb
1.20
Led
1.05
Department
Aircraft Receiving Auditor
Aircraft Receiving Adjuster
Aircraft Steel Checker
Aircraft Stockman Receiving
Checker
Conveyor Stock Loaders & Unloaders
File Clerk
Machine
Utility
Shipping
ee i5
N - 650
Badge Crib Attendant
Division Stock Room Head
General Tool Crib Attendant
Grinder Wheel Mounter
Head Crib Attendant
Head Tool Crib Attendant
Main Tool Crib Attendant
Tool Chaser
Tool,
£605
Checker
5¢
above
top
rate
Lael
ane
1.05
L605
120
1,00
1.00
bead
eke
hese
LonO
Lead?
Department
Aircraft
Aircraft
Aircraft
Aircraft
Conveyor
Biller
Carloader - Heavy - Light
General Shipping Checkers
Stock Packer
Stock Loaders & Unloaders
Ford-Aircraft
(Cont'd)
$1.25
Paint Sprayers
Quality Men
Relief Man
Utility Men
Working Leaders
Inspection
Inspection
Layout
Layout
Inspection — New Man First
#2 Worker
#1 Worker
Machine Shop
Inspection
Machine Shop Inspection
Magnaflux Inspection #2
Magnaflux Inspection #1
Magnesium Foundry
Magnetic Analysis
Plating
Receiving
Receiving
Receiving
Inspection
Inspection
Inspection
AIRCRAFT
- Same
FWWHOWWWWWWWRrHED
t
Ut
OW
2s
&
OR
F
NO
.
~Y
°
RR
©
@
WW
Wt Wn
&
ae
WANA
SSaSSS SoS8ss
.
.¢6
ky
2@
®
ee® e
Pe
HP EPR RE
1.40
Leto
Inspection
6 months
Up
1.35
1.30
1.50
Min‘iraurn
Lees
1.40
as Magnaflux
Non-Productive
#1 Worker
#2 Worker
DIVISION
de3d
Minimum
#2 Worker
#1 Worker
Worker
Worker
Operator
Inspection
Salvage Inspection
Tool & Fixture
Ledger Men
MILL
inspection
#1 Worker
#2 Worker
Heat Treat Inspection
Heat Treat Inspection Leaders
Hot Test Operator - Same as Layout
ROLLING
MR
2855
Build Up & Tear Down
Clerks Operator
Crank & Prop Shaft Semi~Finish
Crank & Prop Finish
Dynamometer Operator - Same as
Follow Up Men
Gage Inspection
Gear
Gear
More
2804
Back Spot Face
Bench Work Tool & Die Maker
Clerk
Burring Bench
Gear Shaper Operator & Set Up
Heald Diamond Bore Operator & Set Up
Internal Grinding
Lapping Machine Operator
Lathe Operator
Radial Drill Operator Bore & Tap
Rotaslides Drill Operator
Special Multi-~Drill Operator & Set Up
Tapping Machine Operator
Vertical Turret Lathe
Working Leader
5 Way Natco Work Leader
Milling Machine Operator
DEPARTMENT
Hour
-O5
- DEPARTMENT
More
More
Hour
Hour
-O5
eO5
4 fs TH
EP ERPE
EHP E
EP BR REE E BE
BUILDING
More
Hour
.0O5
©
AIRCRAFT
LekO
CO\N VAC
DEPARTMENT 2806
#600
Rates
- DEPARTMENT
2851
Ford=-Aircraft
Operator
Utility Man Working
Wickes Lathe
$1
4 1
1 02
‘ 2
(1 Job)
Leaders
.05
120
2813
AIRCRAFT
& Up
~- No Maximum
1.35
$1.30
lees
L.k5
1.40
1635
1.30
#1
#2
Assistant #1
Assistant #2
Maintenance #1
Maintenance #2
Operator #1
Operator #2
Operator Assistant #1
Operator Assistant #2
#1
#2
Mechanic Assistant
Propeller Test Operator
Propeller
Propeller
Propeller
1.40
Test Operator
Test Operator
Test Operator
BUILDING
DEPARTMENT
Ls
1
1.35
Le a0
ies
1.20
1.25
LskQ
1.00
1.65
#1
#2
Assistant #1
Assistant #2
1.40
Ms
La DO
2807
Bench Assembly
Bullard
Cincinnati Centerless
Cincinnati Vertical & Horizontal
Clerk
Cone Automatic Screw Machine
Clearing House Follow Up
Clearing House Stock & Record
Drill Presses
Dural Welder & Silver Solder
Excello Heald Borematic
External & Internal Grinder
Filling & Burring Barbers
Polishers General
Polishers Precision
Radial Drill
Special Snyder Mills
Sundstrand
Thread Grinder
Surface Grinder
Thread Mill
Turret & Engine Lathes
Tool Follow Up
Tool Trouble Man
Warner Swasey Screw Machine
Working Leader
Mills
1.40
LekV
1620
1.20
ed
Lem
Lem
1515
igtO
1.30
1.20
1.20
1.10
Ae
1.20
1,15
Lead
1.20
Lge
1.20
1.20
1.20
1420
1.2
Ave
05 & Up - No Maximum
a
a ee
Hot Test
Hot Test
Mechanic
Mechanic
1.35
1,25
1.35
1.35
Minimum
Cold Test Operator #1
Cold Test Operator #2
Dynamometer Operator
Dynamometer Operator
Dynamometer Operator
Dynamometer Operator
Equipment
Equipment
Hot Test
Hot Test
(Cont'd
be be
DEPARTMENT
2851
(Hydraulic)
Racine Power Saw
Springfield Lathe
Sundstrand Lathe
Upsetter
- DEPARTMENT
S
Natco Gun Bore
DIV.
@
MILL AIRCRAFT
OO
ROLLING
#600
Rates
Ford-Aircraft
AIRCRAFT
- DEPARTMENT
BUILDING
Clerk
Climtool
2812
(cont'd)
Burring
Colonial Broach
Etcher & Stamper Clearing House
Fellows Gleason Gear Shaper
Gisholt Lathe
Heald Grinder
Landis Grinder
Monarch
Morton
American
(P.W.
Lathe
Thread Grinder)
Sketchman Clearing House
Special Lathes Potter Johnson
- Springfield Lo-Swings Lathe
Surface Grinder
Warner Swasey #4 Lathe
Warner Swasey #5 Lathe
Working Leader
X-Lo Gear Lapper
X~Lo #70 Center
Tool Follow Up
Tool
DEPARTMENT
Rates
$1.05
laa
1.20
LelO
1,20
1.20
1.20
1.20
120
1.20
025
1420
1.20
1.20
1,20
1.20
lyl5
lesz
ke
Leed
Lede
1.35
Lato
Led
1.40
a
1.40
1.40
1.35
Lege
Ladd
1535
.05 & Up
Lu
Led5
Lapper
Laid
Trouble
1.30
1.30
Leh5
1620
1.20
Lead
Leno
1.20
Lae
1.20
1.20
1.20
Lynd
Laeu
1.20
1,20
1.05
Leal
120
1.20
1.20
lend
1.20
1.20
1,20
1.20
Le2d
1.20
Lee
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.40
1.20
1.20
Lasoo
Le 35
Lead
de?
Lea
1.40
1.35
1.35
da 0
ooo
135
1.35
16k5
1.15
Leno
1.40
1535
Led
1.35
Le 3d
Lele
1.40
a9
pO
Lad
i635
1.40
Lig 3d
1.35
Lehd
1.35
1.35
2811
Automatic Lathes Fay
Barber Coleman Spline Mill
Bench Assembly Men
Blanchard Grinder
Bryant I.D. Grinder
Borematic Diabore Finish Heald
Borematic Diamond Bore Rough Heald
Bullard Operators
Bullard Vertical Turret Lathe
Cincinnati Centerless Grinder
Cincinnati Hydrotel Mill
Cincinnati Mill
Contour Miller Van Norman
Department Clerk
Drill Presses
Excello Thread Special (1 Job)
Follow Up Man
Fay Automatic Lathe
Fitchburg Spline Grinder
Hanson Whitney Thread Mill
Heald I.D. Grinder
Heald I.D. Special (2 Jobs)
Internal Grinders Bryant
Jones & Lamson Automatic Thread Grinder
Landis I.D. Grinder
Landis 0.D. Grinder
Landis 0.D. Special (3 Jobs)
Kent Owens Mill
Lathe Hands Lodge & Shipley
Lathe Hand Springfield Special
Lodge & Shipley Lathe
Milling Machines Cincinnati
Milling Machines
Miscellaneous
Milwaukee
Surface
Grinder
1.20
Lert
1.35
Leo
#600
‘
Ford-Aircraft
DEPARTMENT
2811
Warner
Wiches
& Swasey Special
Lathe
Lathe
Lathe
Finish
Lathe Rough
Bryant I.D. Special (1 Job)
Van Norman Contour Mill
BUILDING
Assembler
Automatic
- DEPARTMENT
Pin
Lathe
Automatic
Bench Man
$1.20
cyew
Bullard
Bullard
Operator
Screw Machine
Assistant Rocker
Arm
Drill
Polisher
General
O.D.
1,20
1.20
1.20
1.20
Operator
Led?
LeaD
bs
Ls 35
a5
1.40
1.30
1.40
in
1.40
La ao
1.35
1.35
La3d
Leto
Lem
Lend
be
Lease
tehd
Leed
Precision
Lado
1.40
Le20
1eed
Leow
Rotary Grinder
Speed Lathe Operator
Surface Grinder Operator
Turret Lathe
DEPARTMENT
1.25
Lego
1.20
1.25
Grinder
Polisher
Feh0
Lee
1.20
1.20
1.20
Eyed
1.20
1.20
Leno
Operator
Multiple
- No Maximum
Yuh
14535
1.40
teed
Leev
Gear Lapper
Gear Shaper
Internal Grinder
Hone Operator
Spindle Drill
Up
1.20
1,20
Floor Inspection Operator
Gear Grinder Operator
Micro
Multi
005
1.40
1420
1,40
aato
2810
Borematic Operator
Bullard Operator
Cam Contour Grinder
Centerless Grinder
Centerless Lapper
Cleveland Operator
Conomatic Operator
Lathe
1.35
Leste
Lued
1.20
1.20
Lane
1.35
Leo
Leo
Selo
1.20
Li35
2809
Automatic
#600
(cont'd)
Working Leader
4¢ Vertical Turret
4? Vertical Turret
AIRCRAFT
Rates
Serew Machine
Bench Man
Blanchard Grinder
Borematic Machine
Broach Machine
Degreaser Operator
Léh0
Lace
Lae
1,20
1649
Fellows Gear Shaper
Horizontal Mill
Hydramatic Mills
Hydrotel Mills
Internal Grinder
Keller Profile Mill Control
Micr. Honing Machine
Multi Spindle Drill Press Special
Polishers General
Polishers Precision
Potter & Johnson Automatic Turret
Rotary Grinder
Single Spindle Drill
Sub. Assistan
Lead
1.20
Lye
120
Lathe
L420
130
1.620
1.20
1.20
Lee
Lene
Lew
Leal
1,10
1.40
hago
L420
Leu
1.30
1.35
saoe
Lae
be
be
1665
1.35
Me
BP
1.45
1.40
es
yr
1,40
Ford-Aircraft
2808
(cont'd)
Cylinder Head Metal Spray
Degreasing Machine
Drill Press
Drill & Tap Operator
Grinding Internal & External
Head Assembly Furnace
Heald Borematic Rough & Finish
Lathe Operator
Mill Operator
Natco Operator
Polishing Lathe
Radial & L& G Special Drill
Screw Machine
Silver Solder Welder
Thread Grinding
Tool Follow Up Man
Tool Trouble Man
Valve Seat Grinding
Working Leader
Ladd
1,20
Lyz0
Let?
Lee
1,10
Lee
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
L030
1,20
-05
1.45
1.25
Lee
les?
Led?
1.40
1.40
1.35
Lea?
Leo?
1.25
Leso
1.35
1.40
1435
1.35
Leh5
Led
Up ~ No Maximum
2801
Onn
Baffle Plate Assembly
Blount Speed Operator Lathe
Cam Assemblers
Clerks on Engine Records
Clerks on General Work
Crane Operator
Clutch Assemblers
Clutch Test Operator
Cylinder Assemblers
Drill Press Operator
Engine Change Men
Heald Grinder Operator
Intake Pipe Assembly
Leaders ~ Working
Master Rod Assemblers
Plugs & Pressure Testing
Power Sec. Disassemblers
Pre. Oiling Machine
Push Rod Assemblers
Pre-Fitting - Diffusers
Pressure Test Operator
Stud Driver
Pump Assemblers
Repair Men
Stone Man on Scrapping & Honing
Sunnen Lapping Machine Operator
Tappet Guide Assembly& Liquid
Tool & Equipment Maintenance Men
Tool Follow Up Men
Tool Trouble Man
Washer Operator
1
Le3
1
Lan
1
Lat
i
Led
Inne
Lead
Lye
1.05
1.20
iain
Leone
Lea
Let5
Led
Let
Lak?
1.20
LetO
Lene
Lode
£yh5
1.20
120
Lae
LatO
.05 & Up
1.25
saad
deo
405
Leap
sak
ind
Ledd
Le20
LelD
see
L005
Own
#1 Man
#2 Man
es
Assemblers
Assemblers
@
DEPARTMENT
$1.20
Lake
1,10
1.20
Lee
*
DEPARTMENT
#600
Rates
1.05
1+05
sudo
Lyd
Led
105
4.9
1.40
Le2O
Le
£405
Lek
Lend
Lune
Let)
Le®O
iualeo
Lek
1.50
L035
Lek
LetD
Ford—Aircraft
2803
e
a
ee.
Ss
&
Me
Omnmwmnowndow
gS
@
a
1.20
1.15
seed
1.10
1.00
1.20
kek
1,10
1.20
1.10
Lie5
awoo
e
Milling Machine
Multiple Drills
Planitary Bore Mill
Plater
Platers Helper
Rack Builder
Radial Drills
Single Spindle Drilis
Single Spindle Tapper
Surface Finisher
Taft Single Spindle Back Spotters
Working Leaders
Lyd
e
Layout
$1,15
1,20
Lil
1,25
1,20
1405
1.10
1,20
Lad
&
Band Saw
Bench AssemblyBench Burring
Borematics
Bullard Single Spindle
Clerk
Degreaser Control
General Plater
Lappers
e
~ DEPARTMENT
be pep ep pp
Wo
jt
=
Aw
SRoEBSYS
MAOWnOds
BUILDING
Ee Bet Bat tet Be? bet bet ft Bobet Bo ht bb
@
I~ $2
Lo
DW
WD
bw
Wo
WW
oo
W
Wn
AIRCRAFT
#600
Rates
Claims as released by the Michigan Unemployment
Unemployment
Benefit
Compensation
Commission
8,
- Week of February
194¢
21,254 claims filed,
18,974
March
checks
paid
out
7th:
16,486
claims
filed
15,394
checks
paid
out
that
week,
Many
had
not
registered,
Memo
from
Research
Department,
I enclose ‘employment figures
plants in Flint.
Employment
Even more recent information
UAW-CIO;
gathered by this Department for G.M.
reports here cover the week of March
indic ates that no substantial change
oyment levels since the reany kind has taken place in current apl
;
9-14,
port
fa
made
was
the
wee
March
of
*
EMPLOYMENT
PLANT
Fisher 1
Fisher 2
_
9-14,
of
J, WISHARD
- RESEARCH DIRECTOR
IN GENERAL MOTORS PLANTS IN FLINT MCPIGAN,
|
NO, EMPLOYED
S
1,000
—
"_
March 9-14,
1942
NO, UNEMPLOYED
5,000
1,110
Buick
7,000
7,400
Chevrolet
4,000
8,053
TOPALS 12,550
21,653
AAA
UN
EAVAA SANA
:-100 PLANES IN RESERVE.
100 PLANES IN ACTION
Pe
hy
PRT
UNION
INTERNATIONAL
AFFILIATED
LOCAL
241
OFFICE
WEST MARYLAND
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
LINCOLN 5826
WITH
America-ClO
of
Workers
Aditeos bite
Untied
ORGANIZATIONS
CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL
LOCAL 226
THE
ST.
ge
;
March 24, 1942
lir.
Edward
Director
opt West
Detroit,
Levinson
of Publication
Grand Blvd.
Michigan
Public ity
and
Folbowing in brief form is affadavit containing
in your communication of March 26, 1942.
I received your
but thought the
confernee
information
telegram later advising to disregard
following affadavit might be of some
to which
you
have
communication
benefit to the
reference.
Clareme
Lyons,
requested
€
man
Chev.
Unit
AFPZDAV
iI?
We, the undersigned, have seen the Indianapolis Star of Wednesday,
December 51, 1941, a photograph of a Hahilton Press which, according
to the caption, was stamping metal for ambulances ami other bodies
for U.S. Army vehicles in the Chevrolet Body Plant of Gneral Motors
in
Indianapolis.
As
employees
of
observations,
on
Decenber
December
that
51,
51,
Bick
Ce
PP
and
1941.
intermittently
eight-hour
this
since
working
plant,
this
mmr
tactne
Hamilton
not
The
Hamilton
shift
wnkrRO
a
evar
A.
in a
Press
operated
December
based
thie Vol bat) —
Gwe
are
had
Me act abanbl Sabot te
InaG
we
was
on
Press
31,
to
on
any
the
Wares,
|
not
extent
days
a.
:
gs
to
per
state
producing
parts
referred
four
;
position
for
from
our
any defense
some
time
prior
to
above,
of
approximately
week
CS
HO
own
oes
has
only
parts
to
operated
20%
of
one
UNION
INTERNATIONAL
Automobile
United
Workers
AFFILIATED
LOCAL
241
WITH
THE
America-ClO
of
CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL
LOcAL 226
ORGANIZATIONS
OFFICE
WEST MARYLAND
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
LINCOLN
ST.
5826
lir. Edward Levinson
Director of Publication
- your
commun! deution
and Publicity
of Ma veh "23,
1942.
I received your telegram later advis ing to disregard commnication
but thought the following affadavit micht be of seme benefit to the
confernee to which ym have reference.
AFFEDAVIT
We, the undersigned, have seen the
Indianapolis
Star of Wednesday,
December 51, 1941, a photograph of a Haihilton Press which, according
to the caption, was stamping metal for ambulances ani other bodies
for U.S. Army vehicles in the Chevrolet Body Plant of Gneral Motors
in Indianapolis.
. As employees
|
of this
plant, we are
that
Hamilton
Press
was
‘The Hamilton
Press
referred
observations,
this
in a position
not
to state from our own
producing
any defense
parts”
on Decenber Sl, and had not operated on any parts for some tine prior to
December
31,
1941.
to above,
has
only operated
intermittently since Deceaber 31, to the extent of approximtely 20% of one
Les—
working shift based on four days per week.
Yemredr, 14 {>
ad
“ead
My
Cammicsion
nee
Fienirec eg
(LPT
A
ding
PA
Firble)
WAG
AA
2.
IDANA
PS
—*
Ao.
3
CL
A
THE
INDIANAPOLIS
STAR,
WED)
d
n
I
e
t
o
n
y
e
K
o
t
sibility
k
r
o
W
e
s
n
e
f
e
D
d
e
e
p
S
s
e
i
r
t
s
u
d
Local In
Ca
d
Ff
ele.
pro
am
dia
f
jor
fig]
hoi
I
lav
at|
07|
ls}
A
a
fense
is doing
tS! industry
plant
YS\ tion.
sheets
other
‘army.
ok | Merle
Shell
o| n
of | truck.
the
at
de-
for national
pictures of
Chevrolet body
of General Motors CorporaTop: This huge press shapes
of metal for ambulance
bodies for
truck
type
Patterson
Floyd
Young
for
a
Below
Jolly,
“#
Joseph
he|
Bradford
as}
working
and
are
shown
(left)
and
the
and
drawing
cab-over-engine
-I-|\ liam A. Green,
bling
army
Indianapolis
what
in these
is found
th| operations
a
of
sample
a
type
(left to right): WilWilliam
Eddie
Anthony
on a conveyor
platform
panel
truck cabs.
B. Phillips,
Evans,
Mayer
Fred
are
line assem-
bases
for
‘ II
7
om : the production a fabrication of an metal produste starts the sat rodustion of
nd | care abenover: the case night be, the plant being equipped with rail
nt fate the plant. ‘Sine of erane on this job 25 tom.
f oe
a
Prom the. metal storage space in this dept. the sheet metal flows through the socehd pone
—_
inal
orig
the
or
draw
t
firs
the
as
to
rred
refe
nly
commo
is
h
whic
ses
pres
or hyiroli¢
~~. gets are conditioned by whet is known as rolli
% : patel . ALL sae
som of wee
e
Shem
more
it
e
mal
eby
ther
ané
l
meta
the
of
in
e
me to sglae
hydrolic presses ara herein described in detat)
as
em
» space
90" by 09 $0 be
a
9 qtrele peroa
106 hre. per wets.oe tw shifts, Potential
|
ras" “die space
80" by 150" ay area
tae
eee
480 hours pe ,
12 strokes per ‘minnte.
120 hours per week me ghifte. Potential assignme:
r
e
t
a
cs
an
or
aw
sh
ed
he
er
ov
o
tw
by
d
ge
an
ch
ex
d
an
d
ve
mo
e
ar
aw
dr
le
gg
to
e
th
succeeding
aa
e
er
wh
es
ac
sp
e
ag
or
st
e
th
th
bo
om
fr
es
wears which haul the di
and 55 ton merpeath
dies are va
.
de
ma
e
ar
es
di
w
ne
e
er
wh
nt
me
rt
ot from the tool ant dite depa
oe
Be
“
|
@ pr
epartm
it 49 212 ‘tope in 8 hours.the peak Ie
tion vas. me ‘tone complete,in 8 hre.the. potential production is 216 tops per & hr
ohitt...
y engine te netel ‘finished haze alse.Frecens protnation 1s 66 yer 8 hiss
\
‘
i
.
‘
»
3d
7
Leak
ion is 152.
their 4s ample supply of£ finishers within
toa second conveyors fant
9 trated
« erer
ing wong. this oar
.
ns
ove
ted
hea
@
o
int
and
spray booths
5s
are
s
nen
ert
dop
in e paint.
ee ie ph $52 ai
body sides to dept #54,
the sada scat
‘This department is
|
rary
composed of jigs where
‘the to
oe
fete
G
and parte for the set
ee
the
assembly of
Sean
7
:
the various parts are welded ¢
Ree
sothors
i
Was
bez
%
i
gt5
}
+}
}
}
.
,
2 pr
prodaetion “e fa & hresthie re
|
a. produced 150 jos.
le
ed
were
4
j
1650 jobs.
2a produce
The above
es
would
to haiset Sn a
ee
ee
a
ee
all
TANT
ck 0 bonne pox dep peumestng
Sead Ghrecesh
ied
hs)
‘
Y
i
4
ns ee
;
*
:
RE?
02
T
ON
DEFENSE
PRODUCTION
AG
THE
AND
AF
CONVERSION
FRITS
ENGINEERING
IN THE AUTO
D
INDUSTRY
FS
FIELD
HeT McCreedy
Society
of Designing
Eng'se
(1)
out
of the
covers
surveyed
Companies
the
Ex-Cell-0,
Vickers,
Packard,
measures
possible
fullest
the
retard
remedial
conversion
which would
process
both
From
le
point
the
of view
of the
and
full
the
basis,
on an
Industry-wide
listed
under
the
following
headings:
of the
Companies
is
attitude
December
2.
7th,
expressed
this
facilities
to defense
of a given
company
The
present
field
do
made
methods
the
that
jobe
we
such
and wasteful,
from
25 to
up
speed
Murray,
allied
area,
to
within
deficiencies
conversion
and
(2)
and
bring
about
industrye
of the
resources
efficient
in refusal
except
the
50%
to
where the
of the
from
revealed
as Usual".
convert
engineer=
our
survey
Preceeding
the automobile
competitive
position
necessarye
personnel
and
utilization
deficiencies
of "Business
conversion
of utilizing
lack
one
itself
production,
is anarchistic
estimate
to
Briggs,
DEFICIENCIES
resources
The
The
he
PRESENT
ean be
partse
slow up production,
and
productive
of the
utilization
a
ing
Hudson,
in the
layout,
plant
and
Indicating
(1)
of
for the purpose
is submitted
industry which
Suggesting
the
(now mostly
industry.
auto
This report
the
companies
smaller
as
as well
engines
aspects
Body,
trucks) and
Chrysler,
Ford,
Motors,
General
include
Fixture,
marine
trucks,
guns,
tanks,
on planes,
work
Jig,
and
planes,
on tanks,
The
plant
engineers,
specific
field.
Die,
Tool,
were;
covered
drafting
surface
to
automobile
in the
men
layout
field
engineering
transferred
and
plant
and
engineers,
process
engineers,
ing
on
igns
h des
witti
conversa
personal
and
filled
questionnaires
from
derived
findings
upon the
based
is
report
This
and
skill
of the
it
is a safe
personnel
necessary
so long as they prevail
of the
engineering
engineering
(2)
the Government's
After
the
and
3.
4.
and
productione
The
survey
methods
prevail.
Compe=
loss
in time
in incalcuable
result
secrets
readily
eliminatede
be
of
duplication
Unnecessary
and materials
of time
in waste
resulting
companys.
given
within
deficiencies
of work
duplication
could
which
C.
itself,
anarchistic
of administrative
degree
Unnecessary
Be
interestse
indicates;
A large
Ae
corporate
and trade
firms
between
tition
field
engineering
the
to
limited
perspectives
Within
of the hampering
retention
Contracts,
process,
competitive
of the
aspects
on
in over-bidding
expressed themselves
policies
as usual"
"Business
automobile
to cease
order
Ist,
on February
production
inspection which
results
and
time
in lost
confusione
Many
De
is
There
Ee
Illustrations
5.
cited
are
which
certain
are
There
are
conditions
general
eliminated.
tech=
methods,
of procedures,
revealed
from
excerpts
by
questionnaire
our
attached
"A"
in Appendix
be
partse
summary
above
of the
standardization
instances,
in many
and
nigues,
of
lack
a great
production
in the
steps
and
techniques,
could
process
which
are
efficient
to
detriment
a decided
productione
Ae
been
It has
to
be
most
too
a long
In the
efficient
rapidly
Be
Another
majority
in this
advanced
administrative
tread apple
Engineering
in the
placed
positionse
established
to
practice
departments
of such
cases,
However,
field.
supervisory
relatives
as
a stepping
thése
because
capacities.
Something
organizatione
for
stone
individuals
of
Executives
of Company
to
better
are not the
tconnections'!
they
Thereby weakening
abolish
should
be done
to
and
in many
instances
are
the
these
clubs’.
practice
questionable,
is
which
is unsound,
that which
we
term
costly,
toonlight
engineering’e
highly
(3)
Company's
of the
part
in many
a financial
have
room
understand
over
turned
amount
practice
the
employees
nightly
working
Job
from the
prints
of their
spent most
and
of
$10,000 worth
back
Shop
on them.
working
time
charged
was
engineering
up to
of the
vision
inspection
cleaned
department
by Government
for
many months
at the
for
On the
reduced
This
by
does
in those
basis
one-half
not
our
of
to make
the
reported
we
findings,
providing
include
sections
been
steps
lowering
at ‘least where
a year
files
some
only
the Super-
preceeding
the
excessive
to
run
conclude
are taken
of wagese
wages
are
4s
high as
to
Rather
now below
on estimated
costs
the
could
existing
it presupposes
the
costse
70%
engineering
eliminate
for
practice
been a common
write-ups
that
are now being
or two ago,
It has
to 600.
of $400
Compenies
have
Such write-ups
rate
the
day
officials.
e
c
u
d
o
r
p
to
0
5
2
$
to
0
5
Ge Dies which cost $1
charged
out
job,
when
same case,
In the
d.
un
fo
be
d
ul
wo
ts
in
pr
of
h
rt
wo
about $3,000
Company's
Government
the
the
during
particular
On this
also
took their
work,
department
Company's
the
into
and
department,
Company's
of the
on part
shop,
in a job
Company's
the
that
engineering
Company's
in the
regularly working
has
so far
went
engineering’
‘moonlight
of
case
One
Shops.
Job
to the
to me where
reported
been
greater
the
and
of designing
amount
a small
does
Company
the
why
Job
in a given
interest
to
easy
quite
is
it
so
Shop,
drafting
Company
of a
Executives
the
instances
In many
terrifically.
costs
and
conniving
is
there
instances
increase
which
practices
shady
but
above,
been mentioned
has
of work which
practiceée
from this
arisen
have
evils
Many
programe
a duplication
only is there
Not
be requested
will
department
eering
doing
Shop
Job
in the
at night
to work
engin~
from e Company's
Men
shope
job
outside
and an
department
engineering
its
divide
corporation will
A large
Company's
the
program between
engineering
average
wage
levele
be
deficiencies.
increases
(4)
{Ie}
e
order
In
be divided
two
into
treating
industry,
(2)
the mechanism.
nigues
A brief
le
The
l
ra
ne
ge
of
n
o
i
t
a
z
i
d
r
a
d
n
a
t
s
which
2.
a central
3.
Bliminete
duplication
4,
Eliminate
duplicate
5,
order
Ge
7
8,
9,
worker
to
job
instrumentality
is
the
the
provided
being
programe
in making
taken
tolerances
the
such adherence
where
differential
investigated
as to their
which
agency.
present
his
of productioins
suggestions
can
and
soundness,
if an
tremendous
be
shopSe
captive
job and
between
efficiency
through
people in the
be
cannot
the
increase
of an authoritative
of
time
to
pérsonnél e
of any
designing
adherence
- eliminate
recommendations
on the
resources
rates
wage
above
attention
of
unnecessary
- the
made.
and efficiently
engineering
in
of production
point
the
nothing.
for
Stabilize
the
for
too-close
the
scale;
to
the transfer
ie.
tfrills',
Eliminate
The
can be quickly
at
done
engineering
responsibility
the
Centralize
the
and
hiring
the
Stabilize
counts
worke
corrections
thet
drawings
inspection.
have
possible,
Wherever
programse
of engineering
distribution
the
for
agency
Establish
methods,
of parts
and
of prints
use
of the
standardizatione
to
themselves
adapt
follow:
of recommendations
summary
tech-
itselfe
field
engineering
the
within
antiquated
and
practices
of wasteful
elimination
The
establishing
by the Government
probably
a unit,
industrays
can
the
outside
of administretion
The unification
(1)
parts:
chaotic
They
be takene
should
steps
existing
the
into
efficiency
certain
field,
engineering
the
situation within
and
organization
some
to bring
BE DONE
SHOULD
WHAT
brought
Government
is to
Therefore,
if the
emergency,
& new machinery must
be
to
the
tap
the
established.
(5)
It is
Industry,
recommendation
our
through
easily made
accessible
for two avenues
functioning
which
its
on a volunteer
investigate,
uopwa=26-cL0
and
recommend
basis
the
and
and
experience,
Government.
expression.
to
be given
Labor
knowledge,
to the
of Labor's
that
a channel
Such
(1)
Gover mont e
recommendations
a machinery will
That
formulating
independent
of the worker
his
suggestions,
of
can be
have to provide
in the plant
and
(2) men
APPENDIX
The
serve
following
to verify the
“fhe
(B)
causing
another
thus
one
split
is
Company
Various
but
department,
defense
have
work,
up among
been
have
many
management
from
The
in the
the
one
manufacturer."
of everything
jobs
away
from one
job
shop
to
Engineering
resulting
original
another,
from
programs
in duplicate
designing,
and money."
refusing to get work for men of our
for the
received with
is
of personnel
shops,
job
of time
suggested
been
in taking
e+seesee
and
machine
at the expense
only,
of
or three
(two
from the machine
improvements
company
New=Britain
Company were
the
from
of
on Wright
operations
results
efficiency.
refused and is still
“Management
plans
total
and waste
drawings
duplicate
(c)
down the
cutting
the
on two
several-fold,
a
removed
was
movement
continuous
a
and
discoveries
the
tooling
of the New-Britain
other
each
Each
specific
for
these
of
in tooling.
the
improved
in profits
interested
competition with
Their
elsee
are
Job Shops
reports,
pooling
of pooling
instead
tooled
to conceal
so as
back
put
tooling was
many
regarding
companies
inprovements
and
production
new tooling
this
Diant,
ecovesseeees
and
from the
I.
between
representatives
the
when
yet,
times)
in
random
Company
eceesses
increased
and
seate,
valve
at
competitor
purchased
had
it
which
Chuckers,
its
goode
common
the
for
techniques
from
processing
its
guards
taken
cooperation
of
on production
information
are
summary analysis
is a lack
"There
(A)
all
quotations
“A"
best
and
most
indifference
apparently lacking
efficient
use
our
On this
by management.
as to the
perspective
of
skille
importance
of speed."
(D)
s
ge
wa
ng
yi
pa
of
an
pl
a
ed
ow
ll
fo
ly
nt
"Management has consiste
elsewhere
skilled
obtainable
operators
and
shows
as a result,
up
in a high
the
labor
percentage
turnover
of
lower than
is high and a lack
scrapped
partse"
of -
( ii)
(BE)
and
tool
seecesses
the
the
with
has
been
remaining
of those
reduction
of having
practice
that
(F)
for
0.Kk.
an
from
@ screw machine
our
disturb
do not
result."
have to wait
been
has
set-up'
automobile
who
doesn't
‘Do
this
two
weeks.
ordered
in the
presence
because
of the
lack
as
for as much
press,
a drill
same,
for
pay
to
money
for the
Comptroller,
froma
other
this
Since
s,
ol
to
e
th
gn
si
de
d
an
an
pl
the men who
"Too often on rush work,
on parts
estimating
50% in time would
of nearly
the work,asaving
re-design
company will
other
some
to
given
eventually
are
the
should abolish
ita tebes
company to is
an actual
causing
of useless
a lot
do
departments
process
the
We
involved.
help
skilled
the
from
underpayment,
by continual
is undermined
in production
out
work
of sending
(because
so depleted
morale
the
that
shops)
job
to
room personnel
drafting
The
there.
be produced
could
that
of work
amount
room,
tool
eseesese
comparable
not
and
on a very slim margin
fixture
and
jig
that
reported
also
is
It
department.
design
have
manufacturing
are
policies,
department
process
from
work
engineering
of
output
the
impairing
room
drafting
-cerecese
days
per
500 motors
produce
to
tools
and
machinery
times,
have
men
process
Company's
“cocccceoes
all
at
available
keep
to
instructions
know
but
job,
of this
writer."
(G)
lost
is
"Time
things
men to whip
into
system and governmental
“Rubber
(H)
for
some
those
parts
required,
told
time
for
dies
before
in a slow
and the
by men who
several
production,
approval
being
press
worked
used
hesitate
they
deal
to
or
employ
of time
parts which are very
here.
on which
was
but
slow
change=
transfer
key
of the
because
The
system.
by "vartin's"
losses,
and changes e"
plane
forming
systems,
is a great
There
shapee
operator
have
office
install
airplane
to
from auto
over
to
tried
has
Management
through
deficiencies
of
killed
in plane
When
they
they
guessed
by the
plants
die
that
did
simple
start,
on the
they were
*blowing-up'.
if
some
of
strength
dies
used
run
to
told
die
the
e2eese8
were
were
cheap,
and
I
have
designed
in
peen
( iii)
have
time
ence
8 to
experimenting
a farm and
by working
here
men who
contracts!
(I)
as
120
mene
deal
has been
was
too much
motion
evececveese
In
the
jobs
in the
guess
done
worke
Uatil
that would
only
past,
class
in
‘juicy
were accepted."
done
in the
Company's
oute
the work
and
no work should be
linese
production
automobile
lost
first
of the
some
rewhiring
or by
that
is
could be
out which
sent
being
only about
is
there
time
60
employs
shopnormally
present
of pattern work
overtime
attitude
At the
has
superintendent
The
per weeke
The pattern
overtime.
men
There
40
hours
cost than would prevail
er
gh
hi
a
at
s
op
sh
b
jo
e
th
“Work is being sent out to
if it were
many
their
upset
any way,
these
the management's
recently,
only working
A great
off.
laid
were
most
to work
high
as
14 men working.
12 to
done
sometimes
and
like
doesn't
here;
is
shop
pattern
The
oute
patterns
die
the
sent
is
pattern work
fixture
and
tool
of the
only
We
malerse
pattern
expert
having
off men
laid
shop
pattern
were
n e
mes
of the
Meany
seniority.
10 years
eesssess
changinge
and
Sur
so
avoid
to
in order
methods
their
study
to
plants
should
someone
that
so much,
is
parts
and airplane
plane
the
to
sent
beeause
been wasted
differ-
The
of management.
attitude
of the
I feel mich
but
work,
this
started
since we
dies
or
design
for automobile
in dies
handle
men,
has
money
and
design
in the
made
been
have been
mach
as we
plants
plane
changes
Many
discharged.
be
would
the men
here,
them
are
One
department.
engineering
supervisor
re-designed
production
being
from
the
department
has to make
changes
that
the wastage
was
reported
before
of toolse"
After
returned
being
put
into
production,
25%
after
job
shops,
in order
on many
the
the
to get
jobse
Government
Also
(
to
inspection
to
hestates
parts
get
not
exeuutive
We
agree
is
are too
tolerances
that
ly adhered
Gumbersome.
causes
Any
to pass
assemblies are held up
be
should
like
be made
snarls
If the
ite
to use.
The
who
laid
designers,
to untangle
should
0.K.
Contractor's
receive
to
feel
they
Engineering
The
Supervision
-~~- but
just when
they
have
the Army,
(1)
inspections.
+++ee+eeimportant
bins,
management
sub-contractor
out
the
and
in production
men and
of qualified
up
Customer's
pets."
deal
“Agreat
eveces
movinge
lines
the
to rush them
three
authority
given more
should be
assemblies,
attempt
the
them
pass
with.
dispensed
should be
inspection
has
inspectors,
by the Army
passed
are
They
is that
in salvage
held
inspectors
Contractor's
The
OK.
are
that
parts
for
supervision.
(3) the Subpcontractore
(2) the Contractor,
waiting
part
sub-contractors
parts.
result
The
Every
theme
offend
the
with
important
anything.
down
to knock
them
attitude
passing
about
time
their
take
a lordly
takes
Also the contractors
supervision.
te
ua
eq
ad
in
d
an
l
il
sk
r
bo
la
of
ck
la
“Phere is a
(L)
to
not
said drawings."
reproduce
it costs to
mention the money
(M)
be used
in duplication which would
wasted
|
is
time
development,
and
ideas
for new
time
the
for all
the
to methat
seems
It
of this.
on all
a profit,
plus
and material,
has to pay
Government
The
customers
other
on the
twice
duplicated
offices.
to their
sent
then
and
paper
to
has
It then
offices.
their
be
sent
is then
which
paper,
on Ford
first
be drawn
to
has
Tooling
The
GeM.
also
part AA-1
produces
Ford Motor
-
same
the
does
Chrysler
motor.
for Airplane
(Example;)
etc.)
Ford,
General Motors,
require
of them
some
tooling,
said
purchases
(Chrysler,
paper
it redrawn on their
we
customer
When the
by use
required
that
fact
the
“Due to
(K)
is also
machines
for these
tooling
machines,
produce
iv
toe
lost
close and
dimensions
The
through
rigid
count
which
practice
Practical
too
Government
for
for
of grinding
gear men
shave
and Management
dimensions
something
gears
their
red=-tape.
is
gears
eamnot
close
too
anythinge
closely
be too
outmoded,
for
mean
don't
that
Government's
expensive
limit
worke
and
and
rigid-
who
positions
in executive
too many men
has
Management
all
&t's
know what
don't
about."
of the
limits
close
production
and tank
airplane
on gun,
eecees-Loosen
background.
and
of experience
type
with men with that
of handling machine-shop work and replace
capable
not
supervisors
“Remove all
(N)
which
parts
on some
up
too
not
are
particular."
“We
(0)
have
men
capacities
supervisory
in
little
or no machining
better
than the
With men who
experience,
eesess
supervisorSe
our
in
have
also
We
production
work
who
have
knowing
the
job
them,
under
equipment
is
due to deficiencies
in
where
a condition
idle 50% of the time
set up to run production and remains
departments
schedules,"
“Production could be speeded up by standardizing
(P)
the
Management
the right
and Government
to design
appendix
This
and
alter
red-tape
the
system to
production
situations
reveals
by centralizing
are
which
We should eliminate
designs.
Give
authority.
the
suit
requirements."
of the
symptomatic
Engineer
the
thrue
condition
l
ica
eth
and
nd
sou
of
s
ion
lat
vio
nt
gra
fla
t
tha
ret
seo
n
ope
out the industrye It is an
and practices
proceedures
more
will
inate
of the
be more
the
same
exist
deficiencies
than glad
bottle=-neck
everywhere.
described
to cooperate
in the
investigation
An
above
and
in any way to
engineering
fielde
probably
improve
would
uncover
this
reveal
others
situation
much
The writer
and
elim=
KEY
Se
TO ENGINEERING
REPORT.
IL
Ae
Be
6.
Prevails thruout the industry.
Ford Motor Coe
Dodge Division- Chrysler Corpe
Appendix
V
ke
Excello
Corpe
Summary
Shop
Be
Job
Ce
Packard
Motor
Report
Co.
De Excello Corpe
Be
Buick
Motor
Fe Packard
Ge
Hudson
Motor
He
Briggs
Mfce
Ie
Buick
Je
Job
Shop
Summary
V Ke Excello Corp.
Le Murray
Corpe
Me
Packard
Ne
Hudson
Motor
Oe
Hudson
Motor
Pe
"
tt
Report
TERNSTERT
MANUFACTURING
GORPORATION
GENERAL Motors
6307
DetroiT,
To
STREET
FORT:
WEST
DIVISION
MIGHIGAN
Employes:
It has alvays been the policy of tne Fisher Body
Division, General Motors Corporation, to accept suggestions
from any employe for improving working conditions and increasing
This Division now wishes to announce the formation
production.
all
of
st
ere
int
the
us
foc
l
wil
ch
whi
n
Pla
n
tio
ges
Sug
New
of a
employes on increasing War Production.
of
Defense
gestions
Awards
Stamps
which
are
on their own jobs,
or improve working
Rules.
furnish
and
will increase
and which
adopted;
material,
save
,
improve quality,
|
conditions.
who
employes
those
to
Bonds
be made
Plan will
this
under
in the
submit
form
sug-~
production
reduce
waste
We are attaching a copy of the Suggestion Plan
Your foreman, superintendent or personnel office will
you with additional information or help if desired.
Very
truly
yours,
TERNSTEDT MANUFACTURING DIVISION
General Motors Corporation
fs
ts
is
mm,
A
lg
L
j
i
f
:
Ly
€e
‘
:
ge
LE
°°
teeye oon y
Pe
ae
J. W-CJ&elkson
General
é
Manager
owen
Se
.;
yet
Oi &,
agin
SUGGESTION
The Fisher Body Ternstedt Division announces a Suggestion
incorporating substantial
awards to employes who make suggestions
Plan
ee
for improving
under
the
convenient
SUGGESTION
RT
NT ek a
and
This
increasing
plan
rules
ee STION
LO
A
PLAN RULES
is
now
indicated
production
in
effect
of
in
below:
war
this
products.
plant
and
will
be
operated
BOXES
eng
em
Suitable
suggestion
places.
en
boxes
are to be placed
in the
plant
at
FORMS
£9
Porms upon which suggestions can be made will de available to
all employes thru the foremen, superintendents,
or personnel office.
while it is desirable that
all
sugz¢estions should be made on these forns,
it
1s
not
mandatory,
SUGGESTION
Mh
will
than
DUTIZS
however,
all
sugge
stions
Coc
must
be
in
writing.
:
COMMITTE
A
cl
LO tA
i
The Resident Manager
will appoint a Surgestion Committee which
consist of at least three men for the smaller plants and not more
five men for-:larger plants.
no’
OE
A
A AO
OF
EE
SUGGESTION
a
RR
a
SOMMITTER
RE
OE
A
lS
1.
Will
2.
The Committee will meet regularly at least
and review all suggestions which have been
date or on whicn final action has not been
o»
Final
4,
collect
and
action
on
acknowledge
each
receipt
suggestion
must
yf
of all
be
suggestions.
once each week
received to
taken.
taken,
if
at
adoption
or
all
possible, within one month after receipt.
if it is
impractical or impossible to pass finally on a suggestion
within one month, the employe who meade the suscrestion mus
be fully advised as to why his sursrestion is being studied
further.
The
Committee
the
sugres vion
will
notify
employe
of
the
1s
rejected,
he
to
be
rejection of his suggestion.
if the suggestion is adopted
employe will be notified of the amount of his award.
if
Jt
a
iterview
of
the
he employe will
final astion.
ON
reasons
be
given
for
is
rejection.
formal
written
notified
in
by
eitner
personal
event,
notification
of
DUTIES OF
SUGGESTION
o-
COMMITTEE
- (Cont'd)
The Suggestion Committee is to have full authority over all
cases in which the Committee is in unanimous agreement.
In the event of substantial disagreement on specific sug-
gestions,
who
is
to
the
have
case
may
final
be
referred
authority.
to
the
plant
manager,
ELIGIBLE EMPLOYES
eligible
All employes of this plant
to awards under this Plan.
Members
of
the
supervisory
who
are
on
forces,
Production
employes
of
work
are
sng ineering
Jepartments, Processing Department, Tool & Fixture Designing
Production Planning Department, or any other department with
Department,
similar
activities which have as their regular responsibilities improvement
design, processing, working conditions, ete., are not eligible.
of
AWARDS
These
Aweacds will be made
awards will fall in one
in the
of the
form of Defense
following three
Stamps,
or
classes:
Bonds.
A. . Suggestions adopted which relate to the employe's own
ob
and which result in increased production above the
J
S tandards established for the job at the time the
ugOmzestion was made.
S
In such cases the employe will be given an award equal
to the value of the increased production figured in
hours saved at the employe's earned rate.
For.example,
if the employe's
suggestion
and the employe's rate
award to be paid would
is
be
increases
the production
25%
$1.00 per hour, then the total
on the basis of 257 per hour
for each productive hour that the employe would have
worked on the particular job on which the susgestion
MO
was made for the succeeding two months' period.
Assuming
the
employe
works
40
hours
per
week,
receive payment equivalent to -:
40 x 4 1/3 x 2 = 347 hours x 25¢ per hour
award
Be
of $86.75.
Suggestions
duction
adopted
on the
which
emplove's
result
own
in
job as
increased
outlined
he
should
or a total
pro-
in
"4"
above, and in addition result in increased production
by other employes on duplicate operations on the same
or on other shifts or by a measured increase in the
productive standards of the employe's own pay group.
AWARDS
LO ED
- (Cont'd)
Be
In such cases, the employe will be given
to the value of the increased produstion
saved at the employe's rate -~
(1)
Over
(2)
The
a period
saving
on
(2)
employe
($1,000
combined
making
face
by
such
be
determined
an
other
award
employes
jobs
the
the
value).
In addition,
months
other
of one month.
In (1) and
the
of two
-~- on his
affected
--
maximum Defense
sugsestion
equal
on
an award equal
figured in hours
to
shall
one
not
month's
duplicate
own
jod,
over
plus
a period|
Bond award to
exceed
$750
actual
operations
saving
or
in
the
employe's own pay group as @ direct result of the sugges
tion may de divided amons sucn employes in & manner to
C-
in
each
Suggestions
resulting
matters
not
directly
ln
cases,
duction,
be
such
given
improved
an
to an $18.75
(825
by
the
Suggestion
in improving
safety
the
avmrd
case
conditions
concerned
employe
rangine
who
from
the
quality
or
relating
a productive
mde
the
Defense
in
received applying
been set.
in class
only
suggesti
ons
coco
"A" and
to
of
jobs
any
or
"B" will
operations
nature
are
be cons
where
to
operation.
suszestion
Defense
Bond.
amount to be determined by the Committee
judgment in each individual case.
Awards
of pro-
with
37.50
face value)
Committee.
The
Stamps
according
idered
for
standards
welcomed,
but
offer
suggestions
it se
will
specific
to
its
suggestions
have already
be
clearly
understood that operations which are in experimental stases or where tooling
has nov been completed are under constant study by various | phgiaser iar departments.
Consequently, neither the adaptability nor value of such suggestions can be fairly determined until the engineering work has been completed and standards:have been established.
'
7
may
think
All
will
employes
be
are
of value
requested
to
in improvingco our
any
wer
produstion
which they
Secs
All suggeestions will be acknowledged and the author will be
personally interviewed by a representative of management before final
decision on the adaptability of the sugzestion
is reached.
om
. MEMO
FROM
There
are,
ON
COTE
ED
at
present,
TERNSTEDT:
at
Ternstedts,
|
28
9
are
are
idle
in
all
full
6 idle 48 hows
week
use
(168
ee
hour
"
of the week,
week)
e
)
53
automatic
Screw
(Gridley
Machines
and
Davenport)
THE INDIANAPOLIS
CEE
eae
AERIAL VIEW OF
INDIANAPOLIS COMMERCIAL BODY
2
PLANT
Area of Plant Property
Floor Area of Buildings (Production)
Length of Railway Siding.
Acres
. «ics
3
... .
. . . 499728 Sq. Ft.
. .......
Annual Consumption of Coal
. . . . . . .
. . . .
Annual Consumption of Fuel Oil
. 1.4 Miles
8,000 Tons
200,000 Gal.
Annual Consumption of Electricity . . 2,888,000 K.W.H.
Annual Consumption of Water
..
.
.
4,800,000 Gal.
Annual Consumption of Compressed Air 1,258,000 Cu. Ft.
<
2 On entering the plant
you see the overhead
conveyor, which is approxi,
th
ng
le
in
s
le
mi
o
tw
y
l
e
t
ma
which handles the material
from the Pressed Metal Department to other points of
t
an
pl
e
th
in
th
wi
n
io
at
ic
fabr
and to the shipping points.
This conveyor travels at the
rate of 52 feet per minute.
1A°
VIEW OF CONVEYOR
ee
: The first eight rows of
presses are used primarily for fabricating Cab
Stampings. Welders and
other equipment are in
place for the completion of
such Sub Assemblies as we
are
manufacturing
at this
plant. The raw material is
passed from one press to
another until it is completed,
either as a part of an
assembly, or as a detail,
and then is hung onto the
conveyor for delivery
to other departments for
continued fabrication or to
the Shipping Department.
.
2A ° BIRD’S EYE VIEW OF COMPLETE PRESS DEPARTMENT
AS VIEWED FROM OVERHEAD CRANE
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INTO A UNIT
WELDED
BEING
2B°
As you move further
along, you see the
overhead cranes which
handle the steel used in the
fabrication of body parts.
Two of these cranes, one of
which is 25-ton and one 35ton capacity, handle steel
from gondola cars or trucks,
either directly to the position at presses for immediate use, or set this material
off in storage. Approximately 18 cars of steel can
be handled in an 8-hour
day. These cranes handle
approximately 50,000 tons
of steel in a model year.
An additional crane in the
center bay is used pri-
marily for the moving of dies
and the handling of material within this bay.
3A ° VIEW SHOWING
STEEL BEING
UNLOADED
FROM
TRUCK
BY CRANE
E
G
A
R
O
T
S
L
E
E
T
S
F
O
W
E
3B ° VI
The next bank of presses are used primarily
for the fabricating of Panel
Body Stampings and _includes some of the largest
presses in the world. The
first press in this group Is
used for drawing our Onepiece All-Steel Tops. It has
an inside length of 208
inches, inside width of 90
inches and exerts a force
of approximately 900 tons.
4A ° VIEW OF TOGGLE AND
HYDROMATIC
PRESSES DRAWING
TOP AND
SIDE PANELS
———
Thenext group of presses is used for making
Chevrolet Pick-up and Stake
Body parts. At the end of
the line these are welded
into units and hung on the
conveyor.
SA * PRESSES STAMPING
THE PICK-UP SIDE PANELS
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3C © HYDROMATIC WELDER USED FOR WELDING ON ATTACHING
STAKE POCKETS ON PICK-UP SIDE PANEL ASSEMBLY
ANGLES,
: Beyond the Pressed
Metal Department to
the East is our Tool and Die
Department where the dies
necessary for the fabrication of Panel Body and Cab
Parts are made. All the
latest types of equipment
for performing this work
can be seen in this department.
6A °¢ VIEW
OF TOOL
AND
DIE DEPARTMENT
6B ° MEN
WORKING
ON
FRONT
FENDER
DIE.
a
5 O
Li.
i
a
U
—|
Oo
Oo
an
&
UY
Oo
THE STORAGE
OF SMALL
TOOLS AND
6D ¢ HEAT
TREAT DEPARTMENT WHERE PARTS AND
ARE TEMPERED -OR HARDENED
GE * VIEW
OF GIANT BORING
MILL
|
6F © KELLER
MACHINE WHICH FACES CONTOUR
TO THE SHAPE OF WOOD MODEL
OF CASTING
You will then pass on
| ” to our Commercial Body
Assembling
Departments
where
you
will see the
body units accurately located and welded in huge
welding jigs. The welding is
so controlled by Automatic
Timers,
which
assure
our
having good welds under
all circumstances. These
Timers can be seen overhead. This equipment is the
secret of the public acceptance of all steel spot-welded
units.
These
units
are.
in-
spected and metal finished
on conveyor lines, hung on
overhead conveyors, thoroughly cleaned, and then
passed on to the water wash
paint booths, which remove
overspray when parts are
spray painted. The paint
drying ovens operating at
a controlled temperature of
270°, thoroughly bake the
prime.
7A°
VIEW
OF PANEL
BODY
FRAMING
AND
PANELING
WELDING
FIXTURES
-
oie
a)
Tt
ee
OF HYDROMATIC PUNCHING FIXTURE, PIERCING HOLES FOR
NUTS AND CLINCHING TOOLS FOR APPLYING THESE NUTS
LW
es
i
:
WHEELHOUSE
|
7Ce
VIEW OF BODY
SIDE FRAME
WELDING
FIXTURE
7De WELDING
THE OUTER
PANEL
TO
THE FRAME.
i
BE,
ES
a
2
prom
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VIEW SHOWING
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Pee
SIDE ASSEMBLIES
TOP ASSEMBLIES AND
OVENS
WHICH
BAKE
PRIME AT 270°
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another conveyor for the
final assembly of hardware
and final inspec t ion and are
now ready to sh ip to the
Assembly
Plants.
8A°
VIEW
OF FINAL ASSEMBLY
LINE
To the right of the Drying Ovens is the department for Assembling Platforms and Racks for all commercial and truck units.
Accurate jigs maintain uniformity on all of these units.
VIEW OF PANEL
BODY
PLATFORM
ASSEMBLY
FIXTURES
ns
9Be
VIEW
OF PLATFORM
ASSEMBLY
FIXTURES FOR
PLATFORM
BODIES
9€ © CONVEYOR
FOR HANDLING PLATFORM ASSEMBLIES INTO
SPRAY BOOTHS AND OVENS
= A very large Trim
Department is maintained, where all trim units
are cut and sewed for all
commercial cars and trucks.
The assembly of all cushions
and backs for commercial
units is made in this depart10
ment.
10A ¢ VIEW OF SEWING
ROOM
AND
CUTTING
TABLE
10B © VIEW SHOWING
THE TRIMMING
OF SEAT
CUSHIONS AND
BACKS
1OC ¢ VIEW SHOWING CUTTING OF GENUINE
AND LEATHER STORAGE
LEATHER
|
:
‘ In our Shipping Department where the
units are set off in separate
stalls for each day's shipment, we are capable of
handling about 12 cars of
commercial bodies each
day. This would mean the
shipping of approximately
650 to 700 units per day.
1]
11A°¢
D
TE
LE
MP
CO
NG
LI
ND
HA
NE
LI
OR
EY
NV
CO
VIEW OF
IN SHIPPING DEPARTMENT
ASSEMBLIES
11Be¢
VIEW OF BINS LOADED WITH COMPLETE UNITS READY
THE NEXT DAY’S CAR LOADING
FOR
LOB
ABOEEEEHBEREBEEBEEEEEEAEEEE
Oe
a
ee”
a,
ee
11Ce
PERMANENT- EQUIPPED
~
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|
CARS SHOWING COMPLETED
COMPLETE BODIES PER CAR
UNITS
Our shipping of Cab
Parts takes place on
t,
an
pl
the
of
de
si
h
ut
so
the
for
ty
ci
pa
ca
a
ve
ha
we
and
handling 6 cars per day.
p
shi
n
ca
we
t
tha
s
an
me
This
of
s
set
00
18
y
el
at
im
ox
pr
ap
Cab Stampings to our
Assembly Plants.
| ?
12A °¢ VIEW OF CAB
PARTS IN STORAGE
‘VIEW OF PARTLY LOADED EQUIPPED CAR FOR SHIPPING
STAMPINGS— 320 SETS PER CAR
CAB
=
12B°
RRR
LTE
AIR,
D. M.
KLAUSMEYER
Plant Manager
P. D.
BALDAUF
Chief Engineer
OTL
ret = eee
elie
- Item sets