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Speeches; Aircraft Production
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Speeches; Aircraft Production
-
box: 539
folder: 15
-
1940 to 1941
-
ee
Rae ee
ne
dppa
e
Tom
ny,
tto
Ran
ws
nee
WA.
V pikes Aci 5
|
tree
2 read
and
irtually
studied
all of
e%
thems
criticlong
5
OY
Ocy
I
o
r
|
to
we
the
been
cTo!ts aircraft
ote.
rc)
la
a
NO
cy
Fe
seh
automo-
to lend their names tq: their
—
EF
aes
é
myer
ak
bl
apres ps
| Cr Adm
ae ie
production
anonymous, Aircratt and
‘for some reason,
industry executives
“The nowt ns Game
printed
views.\*‘
Vd
\
ee
the.; objections
tive
~~
(Dare retar Fae
k
a
p
ee
Ci
°
5
ae
ms
—
+
oo,
+
ah.
oC
=a
iy
,
C,
os
sinc
have
ae
mr
o
ee
ery
Aelp
we
;
most
matters.
On
Our
pg
OPS
CP UPA
of
a conference
euemes
,
NE
So
et se
i
RET
the
program,
so
I think it advisable
o
Go
Shee ee
Pak
PS ee
nee
2
*e ee
aed
with Mr.
However,
amntiten aey r
Pee ch
ges
Nv
nen
dt
Pe)
pee
a
Mai gets
pee
been
William s.
I have
pth
to
a
Poe
pT E
ET
Se
EP
RA
anonymous
ome
hesitated
OU
engage
du
ae
Lae
SER
BO
ARES
RD
a
a
ty
7
OR
er
se Re a
8s
eee
singePoyw's
we
ise
shortly
to
public
adbembeptiods eameennementh
to discuss aaummetiegmemeeer
Py
a
and
aye
and
RD
discussion on these
vow
Crrceatioh
have gained emeakemee that
these matters
at this
time,
‘BOMBERS OR PURSUIT SHIPS.
It has been wrongly assumed that the CIO program
contemplates the production only of pursuit ships.
our reference to the
possible production of 500 fighting planes a day was used only to indi-+
cate the overall productive capacity of an automobile industry whose
idle machines and idle men were fully mobilized and whose private interests were temporarily subordinated,
ed
to
types
Aine
productive
the production
are built
scaled down
each plane,
rather
capacity
we have indicated can as
of medium-sized or heavy bombers.
than purgait
ships,
the
daily
readily be adapt—
If these latter
production
would
in proportion to the increased amount of work required on
Nevertheless, our program could build many more bombers ,
large or small,
shorter time,
than
are now being
,
or are
aon pda
[rescmne” usUS E OF mAoTLETEHS
ORC
built
eit
contemplated,
A
re repo
moi ide
LOS OE
be
and in mech
Sey
erevsimeady
being
sal
PARR: poSax
w, Fo an : ibebeakaud
exten. as a result of ‘the publication Of ev
program, more extensive use
of the automobile industry ts facilities} is being planned.
However, our
surveys indicate tha_ t not ten per cent of the available facilities are
e Sa
i
bs 6d feos
i +3
WS
the present
TR MACS
©
ead
qe
plans
4
Ord
Bis
x
:
do wet conteate The gore
alone can produce a large number
period,
ey ‘and Pall use a “Paehiities wick
of planes within a comparatively short
plant facilities can be ie: ited only by Leveling cutguda
tion ov haa, ,twelveemonth period, thus freeinga
Ne
i dustry for dePenge = Ny mabactsneg
It has be
Gaga
cars ‘sad must
? them.
ie
supply
'
esd
i ee
ned ES;
alr c the
—* Anetd et aieitie sodas
seasons when the people
ta
ent
tthese objeg Ons tmply that the Ameri @itgublic is so slightly!
concerned witkefational defense thet it will not Wethtr.2 month or sevdral
months f;
ae
|
ae
few models.
that @aew Rote
ow
We believe
the fe abseid pode
that
the
Saree
AGL
Ftp
3
\
opus
Sa
oy
‘
11
}
ae
;
Sopeon
planting a)
wnt st® maging
= for
‘
E
;
a
of
‘
Safety -
oie,
“
¥
dustry.
of prodtites WON
' OF THE IND
:
rr)
thers
rate
TRY
fat
belly
have
Our plan wopld
fiction would,
for
tf
aljcad for’ 12 monthg
ivg employment wh
tn
of (7 fhe aye
BOF
ecor omies wound’
creasedefurchpsing Peyer of
samges ff ch
to, ‘Us, wou
ems" obvious
and t es:
that the _in-
cars
dicate
bic will warrar
§
the
e journals and §
F the automobile | fine
Blevcling off
pocturces,
o
It would ratieioe
If
years
for many
wea?
WOTKCNS «
ae
planed
| icfense
Lar ge
Pisstry 2 4, two—product @
olution of scrious problems of 7
ive the former full uae 8
ould
WN
oD
tar
@ieir
nani
tr he
ie
3
ERA
PRY
MRS pee
i
aE a ee
TE
s
ake
hy
man
<
¢
iB
ae
é
4
nF
re
et
Bt
ae
eee
i ie
La
ha
on 3
ioe
Te
Natt
oR
a
:
RAGwS
fassert our - plan is3 irpractical, bowie of the relatively small
scbeenar ak of machine hours in manufacturing an autonobile as compared
with the total
ar required to build a plane,
build
work
sources
bunese
a pursuit
on which
is
ship,
usually
point, these sources
day, which gives them
lofical
car by
to
taxe
hand and
10,000
the
done
by
number
of
then multiply
us®
the
hand.
mathematics
of
hours
Jn
construction
attempting
required
this
figure
figure
a day,
The. persons | who anetey
but
devoted to
of air frames,
to
prove
simply multiply 10,000 men-hours by
a treriendous and impressive figure,
tion and use thattremendous
po ssibly —
6,000 cars
ie
are
SEES
to prove
custom-build
a
that
ee
|
speak
custorebuilt
of mass
daily
aeevatak
product:s
could
&. mar
production
production
their
500 planes a
It would be. a
to
by Chevrolet's
to
necessary
man-hours
18,000
of
out
that
contend
not
A)
quantities
methods, It
is
an
elementary fact that the number of hours spent doing things by hand
as compared to the number of hours spent opercting machines (machine—
hours) varics in ever increasing proportion to the extent that mass
production
Ayr.
one-sixth
techniques
number
of what
overall man
compared to
strip
of
are
hours
introduced
spent
it was when
into
the
in building
the
industry
ean
production | processs,
automobile
started,
and as
is
less
tthe.
than
hours decrease the machine hours increase in peineerein ge as
One can go into.a modern continuous
the work done by hand.
stecl mill
and see
this
in its
sharpe st fort.
erO
receives
1,100
4,400,000,000
1046 model.
2,200,000
man
man
This
men
hours.
hours
would
working
Our Xe KLEZIS Xwuboxwhe
At that
to
have
forty
build
rate
the
required
hours
a
it
would
4,000,000
a
force
week
have
cars
of
fifty
more
weeks
required
of
the
than
a year.
y
This same mistake of thinking of mass production of planes
LOOR SPACE REQUIRED.
in the mathematics of custom-built hand production also raises the question
of the practicality of providing the necessary floor space for assembly work,
to complete the
Another elementary fact is that the number of days necessary
production cycle (in machining and fabricating industries such as autos and
is shortened in proportion to the extent that mass production tech=
aircraft)
nique is applicd.
is
true
ms
shorter the production cy¢le the less floor space is necded.
because the number of jobs in the process of production is held
This
at a
If Chevrolet Motor Car Company had to build 6,000 cars a day by the.
minimm.
same nethods that are now being used to build planes, the total man power and
floor space
its present
ce.
7
a
°
8,
M4
Ca
not
would
industry
automobile
of the entire
production,
be
adequate
turn ona
to
7
a the Huprobi lo plant, in Debieihs fox thy Fanmeeiing af tatobey Wo cited F the
availabil Pipmes
unused floor space i ‘the Fisher body and other body plants
at
"A further
553,237
Giant,
Nos 4700,
striking e
Michigan,
Lansing,
and wish 2
_
for sub-assembly
square
104,247
which
fect;
square
has
"Tha fijections
nangW@®urs
and
Tiag@racant
ol
|
g:
infga ‘iad
in one ojfont
125 paonges J eS
and
t
:
madO,
that
hour shift,
raised fn the alleged
plant
space
frould
at
of 4Available
Build
feu.
fully equipped with produchd
@roducing five notors getaay
‘tea.
be
nae:
e
oc is tho Reo
plaf it
sections.
required
space:
247,931
notre
500,000
scores
fect;
square
that a prohibiti
for nass
Avcnic
Builtling
fect
Reo will
puary oa
i
at one
Hope
Mt.
stg eg
ig
F<
ck
of a
Doubts have been expressed on the adaptability of automo=
DIFFERENCES IN ENGINES.
of the rebile production machinery to production of aircraft motors because
duced weight of aircraft motors.
These doubts are without foundation.
rnc reduced weight of an aircraft motor per hp as compared with automobile motors is secured firstly by the diffcrence in the design of the motor,
and secondly by the fact that all parts of an aircraft motor are reduced to a
minimum weight by removing all surplus netal.
used
The same basic machinery is
bimis is done by a process of machining.
to machine parts for an aircraft motor as for an automobile motor, except
ing that a more complete and pretise machining job is done
aircraft motor. The available mechincry in the automobile
tooled to turn out aircraft motors of 1,000 or 2,000 hp of
or liquid-cooled design.
in more
pointed
in the case of the
industry can be recither the air-cooled
The objection has also becn raiscd that aircraft cngines must be madc
Ags our original program
precise dimensions that automobile engines.
out, more precise parts are obtained by more precise tooling.
Any possible bottlenecks in armancnts, instrunents, CtCes
SHORTAGE OF ARMAMENTS.
of our plan. Such bottlenecks can be met if
is not a legitimate criticism
.of gii@jiarnancnt, instruments, etc, is spread over cxisting indus-— —
production
tries whose machine capacitics and production facilitics are adaptable to such
The pooling of such productivecapacity with central assembly
production.
plants, using the sane
possible to climinate
\snccranrry
OF BASIC
we suggest for aircraft production, will make it
approach
any possible bottlenecks in arzanent, instruncnts, CUCe
In our
MACHINERY.
original
report
we
stated
that basic
machin-
ery uscd for automobile production can be adapted for producing aircraft parts.
Te stated that precise and difficult parts of the Allison engine are being made
in the old Cadillac plant in Detroit with machinery which duplicates cxisting
unused automobile plant machinery.
:
‘
/
J msesc
statenents
have
been
challenged
in some
quarters,
Herewith
is
division,
a list of machinery, newly constructed and installicd in the Ailison
in Detroit, which duplicates existing automobile plant -machincry:
"Grinding
internal
Rxlo
centerless,
Cincinnati
machines:
cxtecrnal.
and
(These
Bland, Norton, Landis, Blanchard, Brown and Sharpe, (Bryant) and Held.
machines are used to produce the following parts which are common to both
aircraft and automobile motors: camshafts, crankshafts, bearings, connecting
rods, wrist pins.)y
i iwaukee ,
machines:
filling
Sunstrand
Cincinnati,
and
and
Brown
~*~,
‘Tor nachines:
m sc
RN
date
AAR
S OR AIEY BTA
ET CMO
MAAN DP
and
ROSS ——
pee:
| To
SARIN
Wi LcKxes ttnog
these are
the
feasability
are
valid,
of
the
major
the CI“'s
Greenlee
ges Ree
ERA
Ue
Brown and
rarer
truly
and Cincinnati
Sharpe,
objections
program.
Very
lathes
None
gee SNe: Sheena
AAA
of
these
objections
yours,
Ris UTHER,
Director 74éeneral
United
Automobile
Motors
Workers
RPIOWEE cents
raised) against
*
WALTER P,
lathes.
Department,
of
ADEE IOs
CIO
(2 |
January
BQitor,
New
cia ee
6,
1940.
|
York
+imes
New York, N.Y.
Dear Sir:
I have read the editorial, PLANES FROM AUTO PLANTS,
in
ity
i
have
been
loath
jeetions
which
Congress
of
Industrial
aircraft
in
the
For
the
have
been
most
been
informed,
by
private
abwonese
defense
Shall have
body.
them
in
After
the
know,
and
on
ss.
adequate
some
some
who
few
program
mass
of
ob-
the
production
editorial
of
do
new
four-man
the
of
furtherwém public
to
inspired,
discuss
Secondly,
+
assume
criticisms
if
of
charge
conclusions
discussion,
the
encréachment
in
and
,
I am
industry.
board
some
comment
welcome
proposals
to
come
it
not
So
opportunity
has
for
the
review
board
the
the
industry.
interests
to
discuss
against
excepting
industry
production
to
Organizations
anonymous
President
the
moment
raused
part,
has
tne
the
automobile
criticism
of
for
that
we
with
that
has
made
and
necessary,
will
be
\
order.
However,
your
editorial
—
two
misconceptiions
which
i,
have
been
these
voiced
like
to
comment
briefly
on
bs
CI“'s
of
pursuit
be
manufactured
produce
could
the
proposal
ships,
strategists.
but
I should
points.
The
we
elsehwre.
must
As
mecium
not
as
I
produce
number of
your
be
have
sized
does
not
limit
editorial
determined
already
as
as
bombers
vomoers
which
assumes.
by
our
stated,
bombers
many
itself
well
c@ulc
per
be
The
the
CIU's
pursuit
day
as
turned
construcion
A
type
military
the
as
to
of
and
as
out
to
naval
ceed
ships.
plane
aude
Naturally,
lighter
under
airerat tf i
the
CIO
program
would
With
petween
be
regard
airplang
far
to
and
in
your
excess
of
anything
objections
automobile
on
the
engines:
now
tontemplated.
score of
differences
Organizations
Industrial
of
Congress
Avenue,
1106 Connecticut
D. Ce
3582
Washington,
District
For Release
Philip
of
bility
plane
ClO's
Reuther
He
a year's
the
million
The
to
produce
is
planes
menorandum
a greater
with
the
contrary,
as
made
on
regular
public
have
plan
that
ofsaircraft
return
more
CIO
the
that
Manufacture
that
critics
as
not,
denicd
to
maintained,
and
hp.;
2,000
or
1,000
of
workers
uscd,
that,
plans;
present
under
in-
automobile
the
of
percent
be
declared
plan,
the
of
of the
official
P. Reuther,
their
pursuit
the
in
the
capital
number
would
auto
"dislocate"
permit planned
industry,
investment
today,
and
follows:
turn
out
required
obstacle.
an
employment.
by Mr. Murray
can
produced
be
man-hours
of
maintained,
it would
could
ships
machinery
industry
automotive
adapted
that
as
as well
bombers
that
delcared
period.
10
or will
used
being
are
than
less
impression,
author
and
CIO,
plants.
in automobile
aircraft
defense
feasi-
the
against
raised
beon
plancs,
cither
menorandun,
of
current
have
which
today
Organizations,’
Industrial
lter
Waum
nd
a memoraby
of America,
program;
companics
auto
form
defense
production
industry.
give
of
motors
mass
proposal
capacitics
memorandum
the
The
for
out
turning
The
to
Workers
potential
dustry's
reply
1941
of
Congress
the
objections
the
in
a widely
to
contrary
for
the
Automobile
United
under
CIO's
reply,
The
for
Murray;
president of
a detailed
public
nade’
Papors,
16,
January
Thursday,
Morning
N. “.
he
the
automobile
production
added,
provide
would
half
a
"tT have
gram.
read
Virtually
tive industry
printed
the
insistence
all
The
by
on
most
matters.
I think
our
OR
criticisms
do not
to
I have
SHIPS.
It
PURSUIT
in any
case
either
to
run
a sad
been
anonymous
to
and
dispose
our
of
lend
production
aircraft
their
and
names
to
against
the
lack
imagination
of
!'business
and
defense
engage
on
aircraft
anonymous,
with
Knudsen
has
cTots
continue
misconceptions
and
been
reason,
hesitated
discuss
the
some
have
William s.
to
have
indicate
criticisms
so many
to
they
for
interests
with Mr.
program,
objections
refusing,
large
of the
advisable
"BOMBERS
the
criticisms
However,
it
these
automotive
a conference
experts
of
By and
"Since
have
studied
executives
views,
program.
and
program
their
or
of
an
as usual't,
we
are
commission
gained
these
matters
at
been wrongly
assumed
that
this
the
shortly
to
production
discussion
have
automo-
feasibility
since
in public
pro=
on
these
credence
that
time,
cIo
program
contemplates the production only of pursuit ships.
our reference to the
possible production of 500 fighting planes a day was used only to indicate the overall productive capacity of an automobile industry whose
idle machines and idle men were fully mobilized and whose private inter~
ests were temporarily subordinated,
|
"The productive capacity
we have indicated can as readily be adapte
ed to the production of medium-sized or heavy bombers.
If these latter
types are built rather than puregit ships, the daily production would be
scaled down in proportion
to the increased amount of work required on
each plane.
Nevertheless, our program could build many more bombers ,
large or small, than are now being built or are contemplated, and in mach
shorter
time,
"PRESENT" USE OF FACILITIES,
When the program was
argued that the facilities of the automobile
employed for production of- aircraft parts,
first made public, it was
industry are already: being
Since
then,
to an appreciable
extent as a result of the publication of our program, more extensive use
of the automobile industry's facilities is being planned.
However, our
surveys indicate tha t not ten per cent of the availeble facilities are
being brought into play for defense purposes,
"The present plans for production of parts for bombers in auto
plants is based upon the conception of "business as usual!,
‘hese plans
do not contemplate the coordination and full use of facilities which
alone can produce a large number of planes within a comparatively short
period,
"PLANNING CAR PRODUCTION,
We have proposed that idle and partially idle
plant facilities can be fully used only by leveling automobile produc—
tion over a twelve-month period, thus freeing a great part of the industry for defense production,
It has been asserted that production
cannot be leveled off because the industry cannot anticipate orders for
cars and must supply these cars during the seasons when the people want
them,
|
"These objections tmply that the American public
concerned with national defense that it will not wait
months for new models,
We believe that
that new models with the latest gadgets
little
value
to
a populace
that
may
have
the
and
to
is so slightly
a month or several
car-buying public realizes
improved lines will be of
live
in
subways
and
aire-raid
If all
We believe that the care-buying public will wait.
shelters,
companies cooperate, none will gain competitive advantages over the
Refusal to cooperate, it scems obvious to us, would bar the
others.
products of any company from the consideration of the average American.
"As for planning 12 months production of motor cers and trucks;
a Simple understanding of economics would indicate that the increased purchasing power of the American public will warrant the
same high rate of production as during the last 12 months,
Automobile industry trade journals and
"SDTSLOCATION! OF THE INDUSTRY.
others have ereued that our plan would tdislocate! the automobile inThe leveling off of proOur plan would work to the contrary.
dustry.
duction would, for the first time, permit the manufacturers to plan ©
Tt would eliminate the tremendous peaks and valleys
ahead for 12 months.
in employment which for many years have worked such hardships.on more
than half a million automobile workers,
-
"furthermore,
the production
of defense
planes
in addition
to
This may
automobiles would maxe the industry a twoe-product industry.
well offer a permanent solution of scrious problems of both manufacture
It would give the former full use and return on their
ers and workers,
it would give the worxers year-round
tremendous capital investments;
erployment.e
MIAN-HOURS
that
they
REQUIRED.
While
sone
sources
in
the
automobile
industry
declare
existing idle machinery gennot be adapted for aircraft production
are contradicted by still other automobile sources which admit
that idle machinery
however, assert our
is available and adaptable,
plan is irpractical because
Some of the latter,
of the relatively small
percentage of machine hours in manufacturing an automobile
with the total men hours required to build a plane,
as
compared
|
"These sources contend that out of 18,000 man-hours necessary to
build a pursuit ship, 10,000 are devoted to construction of air frames,
work on which is usually done by hand. In attempting to prove their
point, these sources simply multiply 10,000 man-hours by 500 planes a
day whieh gives them a tremendous and imorenstire figures “It would. be as
a
to taxe the number of hours required to custom-builda Chevrolet
ar by hand and then multiply this
ans and use thattrencndous
———
possibly produce 6,000 cars a days
figure by Chevrolet's dadig product!
to prove that Chevrolet could not
"The persons who argfe thus spaak of mass production quantities
but use the mathematics of custom-built. production methods,
It is an
elementary fact that the number of hours spent doing things by hand
as compared to the number of hours spent opercting machines (machine
hours) varices in ever increasing proportion to the extent that mass
production techniques are introduced into the production process»
"The
one-sixth
number of hours spent in building an automobile is less
of what it was when the industry started, and as tthe.
than
overall man hours decrease the machine hours. increase in percentage as
One can go into a modern continuous
compared to the work done by hand.
strip stecl mill and see this in its sharpest forn,
"FLOOR
in
SPACE
the
REQUIRSD,
mathematics
This
mistake
sane
custom=built
of
of thinking
hand
production
of mass
also
production
the
raises
of planes
question
of the practicality of providing the necessary floor space for asscmbly work.
Another elementary fact is that the number of days necessary to complete the
cycle
production
(in machining and fabricating
is shortened
aircraft)
nique is applicd,
in proportion
to
the
industries
extent that
such as autos and
production
MASS
tech
"The shorter the production cy¢le the less floor space is necded. This
is true because the number of jobs in the process of production is held at a
If Chevrolet Motor Car Company had to build 6,000 cars a day by the
minimum.
same methods that are now being used to build planes, the total man power and
floor space of the entire automobile industry would not be adequate to turn out
its
production.
present
"Our
report
original
cited
the
availability
of floor
fect-—
space-——785,000
We cited the
at the Hupmobile plant, in Detroit, for the assembling of motors,
availability of the unused floor space in the Fisher body and other body plants
for sub-assembly work on fuselage and wing sections.
"A furthor striking example of available floor space is the Reo plant
Mt, Hope Avecnuc
at Lansing, Michigan, which has tice following vacant space:
plant, 553,237 square fect;
Building No. 4800, 247;931 square fect;
Building
Nose 4700, 104,247 square fect.
In Reo's main plant 500,000 square fcct is
Starting January 13, Reo will be
fully cquipped with production machinery.
producing
and
125
five
motors
passenger
cars
per day in a plant
"The objections
of man-hours and plant
do not hold watcr when
in one
eight hour
that
shift.
at one time
produced
160 truck
raised on the alleged scores that a prohibitive number
space would be required for mass production of aircraft
considered in the light of the above facts.
Doubts have been expressed on the adaptability of automo=
"DIFFERENCES IN ENGINES.
bile production machinery to production of aircraft motors because of the ree
These doubts are without foundation.
duced weight of aircraft motors.
"The reduced weight of an aircraft motor per hp as compared with aut O-~
mobile motors is secured firstly by the diffcrencc in the design of the motor
and secondly by the fact that all parts of an airerart motor are reduced to a
minimum weight by removing all surplus metal.
"This
is done
by a process
The same
of machining,
basic
is
machinery
used to machine parts for an airnraft motor as for an automobile motor, except-—
ing that a more complete and: precise machining job is done in the case of the
The available mochincry in the autonobile industry can be reaircraft motors
tooled to turn out aircraft motors of 1,000 or 2,000 hp of either tne air-cooled
or liquid-cooled
design,
}
:
"The objection has also becn raiscd that aircraft engines must be made
As our original program
in more precise dimensions that automobile cngines.
pointed out, more precise parts are obtaincd by more precise tooling.
Any possible bottlenecks in armamcnts, instruments, ctc.;
"SHORTAGE OF ARMAMENTS.
Such bottlenecks can be met if
is not a legitimate criticism of our plan,
production of such armancnt, instruments, etc. is spread over existing indus—
tries whose machine capacitics and production facilitics are adaptable to such
The pooling of such productive capacity with central assombly
production.
we suggest for aircraft production will make it
plants using the sane approach
possible to climinate any possible bottlenecks in armament, instruments, ctc.
In our original report we stated that basic machinNSTI LARITY O} BASIC MACHINERY.
ery uscd for automobile production can be adapted for producing aircraft parts.
We stated that precise and difficult parts of the Allison engine are being made
in the old Cadillac plant in Detroit with machinery which duplicates cxisting
unused automobile plant machinery.
"These
statements
have
been
challenged
in
some
quartcrs,
Herewith
is
a list. of machinery, newly constructed and installed in the Allison
in Detroit, which duplicates cxisting automobile plant machincry:
Bland,
"Grinding
machines
aircraft
rods,
Norton,
are
and
wrist
machines:
Landis,
Blanchard,
used to produce the
automobile motors:
pins.)
"Willing
"Keller
"Spline
"Hones:
Cincinnati
'
machines:
machines:
machines:
Exilo
and
Brown
and Sharpe,
Exlo
internal
(Bryant)
and
and Held.
cxternal.
(These
following parts which are common to both
camshafts, crankshafts, bearings, connecting
|
I! lwaukee,
Sharpe e
Wickes
centcricss,
division,
Cincinnati,
lathes,
and
Sunstrand,
Wickes,"
end
uopya
27
Greenlee
Brown
Sunstrand
lathes
and Sharpe.
and
Brown
and
and Cincinnati
lathes.
4
- Item sets