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Publications; Correspondence and Clippings
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box: 569
folder: 6
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1954 to 1958
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REVIEW OF THE WEEK
EDITORIALS
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE
WEEK-END
E
Copyright,
1954,
by The
York
Times
The H-Bomb
SUNDAY,
Company.
NEWS
THE
SPECIAL ARTICLES—SCIENCE
LETTERS—EDUCATION
CABLES
New
O
APRIL
a
4, 1954.
‘
IN REVIEW
HEADLINE CHRONOLOGY OF THE ‘HYDROGEN AGE’ — AS BOMB'S DESTRUCTIVENESS STIRS THE WORLD
Fateful Consequences
Bleven years and four months ago
—on Dec. 2, 1942—a group of physicists stood tensely watching a massive structure set in a squash court
The
at Stagg Field in Chicago.
structure was the world’s first uranium pile. A signal was given. Instruments clicked, faster and faster.
In a few moments the physicists
knew from the clicking that inside
the pile they had fashioned the first
self-sustaining nuclear reaction.
That was the dawn of the Nuclear
Age. Since then the technology of the
atom has advanced with headlong
broken;
a wave
of fear set up around the world by
reports and rumors on the effects
of last month’s tests in the Pacific.
They were made more somber by the
knowledge that—in quality if not in
quantity—the same weapon is in the
hands of the Russians.
The week that thus drew in sharp
_ focus the power of the atom also
brought
an
extraordinary
political
the
cited
Kremlin
The
move.
threat of ‘wholesale annihilation”
in launching a new “peace offensive.’ It suggested that Russia join
the North Atlantic Pact, the alliance
set up by the Western powers for
defense against Russia herself,
Strong Appeal
for Europe
Although many in the West scout-
ed the
Soviet proposal
as
a poor
April Fool’s joke, there was a feeling
also that it could not be taken
lightly. In some circles there was
a theory
H-bomb
that in the
the Russian
face of. the
attitude might
tagged it as
domination of the Continent. Then, |
Russian Foreign
last Wednesday,
Molotov
M.
Vyacheslav
Minister
summoned the U. S., British and
French. Ambassadors to the Soviet
Foreign Office and handed them
identical notes. These were its main
points:
(1) * * * The Soviet Government,
for its part, sees no obstacles in
the first time the’ awesomeness of
the power it has found in the atom.
It gave the world a glimpse of the
H-bomb in action and disclosed that
it could wipe out any city on earth,
amidst
a
leaving the Kremlin a clear field for
U, S. revealed officially for
tidings came
forward
effort to reverse the
an obvious
whole trend of Western policy by
getting the U, S. out of Europe and
in the nation and in the world.
These
put
They immediately
ers.
Pacific, American tests last March
3 and 26 that brought nuclear destructiveness to new heights.
Last week the giant steps that
man has been making in developing
these weapons dominated the news
The
Russians
short; shrift from the Western pow-
in the
then,
and
the
proposal that supposedly offered the
European nations an alternative to
NATO and E, D. C. The proposal
was for a “general European treaty”
with the U. S. relegated to the role
of “observer.” The Soviet plan got
“monopoly” of thermonuclear weapwas
sians from ceaseless diplomatic efe
forts to divide the Western alliance
and shatter its defensive apparatus.
The prime targets of the Soviet
diplomatic
offensive
have
been
NATO
and the European Defense
Community, On NATO, the Ruse
siangs have sought to instill fear
among the smaller member nations
by calling it an “aggressive” alliance dominated by the U. S.. for
the purpose of unleashing. an attack
on Russia. On E. D. C., the Russians
have sought to play on French fears,
on the one hand, that E. D, C. would
mean a revival of German militarism;, and on German fears, on the
that. participation in
other hand;
E. D. C. would doom Germany. to
perpetual partition.
At the Berlin conference in Feb-«
ruary,
in 1945 the
came
There
speed.
A-bomb and its introduction in war;
in 1949 the achievement of that
weapon by Russia; in 1952 America’s counter with the successful
test of a prototype of the H-bomb;
in 1953 Russia’s reply with the anAmerican
the
that
nouncement
ons
Section
the way of a favorable adjustment
of the problem of United States
participation in a general treaty
.for ‘collective security in Europe.
‘The
(2)
FOR SECURITY PENDINAN
G ATOMIC PACT;
CONGRESS HAILS STEP; BOARD BEGINS JOB
MALENKOV CLAIMS THE HYDROGEN BOMB:
DECLARES MONOPOLY OF U. S. IS BROKEN;
DE
| LEADERS IN WASHINGTON ARE SKEPTICAL
states its readiness to join with
the interested Governments in examining the matter of having the
Soviet Union participate in the
°
North Atlantic treaty.
A ‘Trojan Horse’?
On their face, the Soviet proposals
appeared explicable as merely an
elaboration—albeit
EXPERIMENTS FOR HYDROGEN BOMB
HELD SUCCESSFULLY AT ENIWETOK:
LEAKS ABOUT BLAST UNDER INQUIRY
ade
es
H-BOMB CAN WIPE OUT ANY CITY,
STRAUSS REPORTS AFTER. TESTS:
| U.S. RESTUDIES PLANT DISPERSAL
Government
Soviet
an
astonishing
one—of the previous Russian efforts
to undermine NATO and E. D. CG.
Department spokesman
State
A
called the Russian note “a maneuver
to gain
of the
curity.”
ized the
horse.”
admittance within the walls
West, to undermine its seBritish officials characterRussian move as a ‘“Trojan
There were predictions that
the Soviet proposals would prove to
be the opening shot in a major new
Kremlin “peace offensive” designed
to sow confusion in the West. With
aliQdg
LI©IGA
UNIS
4ii
UvVely
VUVEL
LUUNM
Fascist party building in sight.
party members,
laissez-faire,|snoylq
of
years
After
more
slightly
are
re
Ji
9
99
r/
fo
ed
ar
ep
pr
ly
rd
ha
Italians were
s
re
ca
.|
ba
el
Sc
or
gn
Si
by
vigorous action
Signor Scelba was known as 4
stanch and convinced anti-Com-|Hidden
hand,
pay
vearl
dues
at. ‘
than
2,000,000
ees
on
sanctions
cqipimary
Neaai
each of whom|"@s served to re-emphasize Gen-|
to eral de Gaulle’s effort.
amounting
ie what
Sources
Germans,
t also ig a fact that General|
de Gaulle somehow
and
has
su
cc
ee
de
ons ;
eel d!
Wt
'
t0|;, winnine
g over most of France’s
opposition
:
Juin’s
Marshal
the
with
sen ee,
ever he the treaty will be a factor in in-| ¢9-mer military
leaders to pe
de.|
the
that
ef
beli
his
g
tin
por
Parof
s
ber
mem
y
man
ing
enc
flu
liament from the technical point] singe community treaty ought to
ee ee
ad.
ee Se
the tremendous
<a
ne
int
strategic
air
i, Le eae ee ee ee
Inew
a
ee
ea We
et
Gee Bat
en ge
weapons—nuclear explosives’
b“SNe meee
&
{
eo
ate
FSI
ox5
a
fig
pat
OO
<Shy
14
as
ante Y oa
BA
It is doubtful whether the total|°f View and will be used in the!,, yevised. Without General del
opposition
the treaty
his Government was considered|+eyenue from this source amounts| @tional Assembly by opponents Gaulle,
other
the
on
munist,. but
to
y
unit
comm
nse
defe
the
of
00
00,0
$1,0
as
much
ag
Mito
had
had
Italy
the weakest
its
ered
gath
have
d
woul
r
neve
:
y,
yearl
/VUU,
oe
the
strength, Aesuiee
many a day. It was considered! whereas the expenses of the Com-|P0Stpone action and prolong the/ present
ch
Fren
the
of
d
stan
aty
-tre
anti
Gerof
use
the
of
y
stud
ch
Fren
estibeen
have
.
party
st
myni
h)
enoug
ous
not to be homogene
and not to have a sufficient M&-) mateq at more than $50,000,000, | ™@ forces in the West,
jority in Parliament to under- It follows that large sumg must Prestige Maintained
take a battle against a powerful
and well organized adversary.
Second
From
=
the
first,
be flowing into the coffers of the
:
Gaulle
ha
i
Despite the fact that his movee
has said
Communist
party
from
‘other ment lo been losing power ever its supranational
sources.
Thought
Communists.
since the elections in June, 1951, be
“monstrous.”
Genera]
de
the treaty, with
features, would
He
demands
a
The flourishing finances of the/General de Gaulle has maintained |!00ser coalition among the naOn. second thought, however,| 1,
West
including
Europe,
of
French|“i0n
in
prestige
‘are|conside
party
Communist
alian
s
rable
many persons are beginning to usually attributed to the compa-| political circles, .
Germany,
for
the
defense
of
the
’s decision and
believe that Scelba
nies that have
a monopoly
His
of the
in the
followers
Assembly
West.
this week’s action may go far totions
Opera
.
Other
and/
on
electi
the
after
soon
1it
So-|.5
the
and
Italy
en
betwe
nt
trade
me
rn
ve
Go
his
ng
bli
ena
ward
viet Union
and its satellites—
to survive.
If he succeeds i a presumably they return a per- two groups with somewhat difnot
has
Gaulle
de
General
But
Both
formed.
were
views
fering
the
s
ide
div
t
tha
line
the
ng
bringi
centage of their gross to the]. of these | groups are represented,|Placed: his: campaign wholly in
:
Communists from the anti-Com- party.
Perhaps the importance];
ing srestat Cabinet:
Tt: is the technical field, | Besides this
and
again
munists into focus
if
of this contribution has been exeleaggerated. The total of Italian on
fact
he can inspire the various
hig Cabinet
composing
ments
with the thought that they are Iron,
collaborating in a common pur-
th
ager
military techniamong
jj
he is operating on three
effort
hreaten-|
ee clans,
a ie by
importsCurtain
from and
exports
to
the/ment
if
the
date
for
the
debate|°
7"
Planes:
countries in 1952|,, the ratification of the defense|
.{1) Despite
the apparent break
pose, he ig likely to strengthen amounted to approximately $150,- community treaty is set prior to with the direct action of political
000,000
and
is.unlik
ely
therefor
e|i,.
Geneva
conferen
ce
that
has|Part
ies
rather than weaken his position.
4,ae
like!})
anything
produced
have
to
About two-thirds of all Italians
for the Communist
$50,000,000
are anti-Communist and there-
enough party.
fore they are numerous
issue
is
communism
versus
finances
Parliament,
the
3
maintained.
still
is
link
political
action on this matter up
(2) The general attends patri-|
Another splinter group of Gaul-|otic meetings still in uniform and
other/jists has been formed, taking its\dedicates war monuments
and
But
y,
unfortunatel
the
er
pow
in
to keep a government
possibl
e
source
s
of
Commu
nist
t
tha
ar
cle
s
ome
@s soon as it bec
the
in the
are
more.
difficult
position
to the
to intervals
left.
General
de
At frequent|attends
Gaulle
hags|in
all
anniversary
parts
of
observances
France,
discover, Presumably they con-|declared that members of all|» (8) Finally, he is exerting al
Three main problems are gen-|Sist partly of money sent to Italy| Gaullist parties in the Parliament|considerable effort at reorganizerally acknowledged to confront by devious routes from the other|no longer represent his Reunion|ing and extending his movement}.
Signor Scelba in his campaign|side of the Iron Curtain andjof the French People, which helinto professional and other cir-
anti-communism.
against
partly of sums paid to the Com-/wants dissociated from the party|cles.
the Communists.
The first is to eradicate com-/Munist party by misguided Ital-| political system,
munism
from
machinery
the
of|ian
capitalists
who
believe
that
3
During the last year or two|
he has been devoting his energies
As far‘as direct pressure in the|less to big political rallies and
the state. The second is to pre-|thus they are taking out “insur-|Assembly and in politics goes,/party conventions than to small
vent the ideological infiltration|ance” against the possibility of|General de Gaulle’s ‘influence|district meetings of his organiza.
of
communism
in
Italy.
the
Communist),
third is to cut off sources
feed
that
enue
cause.
The|communism’s
of rev-
conquering Italy.
'therefore has declined, but he re-!tion in every part of the country.
| —— Blohey-Freeman
There also is a fourth problem
that perhaps exceeds the other
three in importance and urgency
but about which nothing has been
Government
said’'in
circles.
CUSTOMIZED
Sons
oop,
“3 : ‘
It is}
that of breaking the hold that
the Communist-dominated unions
have over organized labor.
The problem of Communists in
the Government is very grave in
ad
(lecause
ee ea
|
-.
CLOTHES
Suits from $120.
Others from $88
Topcoats from $125
Others from $90 —
*
they won't let you wear it unless it fits’s:
and
Communists
The
Italy.
their allies formed part of all
the Cabinets from
the first one
established after World War II
Premier
when
1947,
to May,
Alcide De Gasperi felt strong
enough to oust them.
Communist
The
tage
their
ment
of
Advantage
Communists
own
and
the
Government
men
took
situation
in every
at every
to
level
organization,
advan-
place
depart-
of the
Since] -
little has been done since 1947
to remedy the situation, it may
be taken for granted that the
is _ still
bureaucracy
Italian
and
Communists
with
riddled
Communist sympathizers.
It does not seem that anything
drastic can be done apout this.
The Government view is that as
long
as communism
is not out-
lawed—and Italian officials do
not neglect to note that commu-
nism has not been outlawed even]
When you shop for a Hickey-Freeman
suit at Kolmer-Marcus, you can
~ concentrate wholly on choosing what
to
d
de
ci
de
s
ha
o
wh
er
ur
ct
fa
nu
ma
a
| Recently
locate a new plant in New Jersey stated that the
of
s
age
ant
adv
l
ria
ust
ind
the
ut
abo
t
kle
new boo
the state had helped him make his decision. “I
read in this booklet that there were many oppor-
tunities in New Jersey
ing for specific sites,”
availability of property
These. opportunities
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you like.
Leave the resttous,
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because we won't let you wear it
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)
Public: Service has
the industrial advaniafe
published a new book about
of ‘New Jersey. It is predi-
eres Ore gees | hy seeenies have —
state. For your copy0
rogressive
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ust
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—
,
t
s
a
E
e
h
t
f
o
~yoads
a?
OF THE ATOMIC
DRAMA
_THE AWESOME
test
blast,
16,
July
on
above,
1945, at
1945, killed 78,000 people. From the city’s debris, above, a
stunned world first learned of the new weapon’s dread power.
M.
N.
Alamogordo,
STAGE TO THE LATEST TESTS IN THE PACIFIC
Then suddenly the atom’s terrible force was unleashed in
war. An A-bomb, dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 7,
With atomic power now feasible, the U. S. hieeted Speedie:
tion, in giant plants, of fissionable material for the war
A result was the secret first A-bomb
against the Axis,
The terrifying drama of the ‘Atomié ‘Roe began in a room
‘below the University of Chicago’s football stadium. There,
in this pioneer atomic pile, scientists on Dec. 2, 1942,
achieved the world’s first controlled atomic chain reaction.
THE LABORATORY
HYDROGEN ‘BOMBS—FROM
AND
oh
With peace came efforts at the U. N. be enced this power.
On June 14, 1946, Bernard M. Baruch, shown above left, with
Herbert Bayard Swope, John M. Hancock and U. N. Secretary
General Lie offered plan for control but Russia vetoed it.
\
Four months later, Mr. Truman gave scientists a go-ahead
on the vastly more powerful hydrogen bomb. Meanwhile, at
our Nevada proving grounds, above, the armed forces were
trying out “baby A-bombs,” designed for use hy troops.
A dramatic new turn came on Sept. 23, 1949, when President
Truman, above, with SecrefSry of State Acheson and Senator
McMahon, then chairman of the Congressional Atomic Committee, disclosed that Russia, too, had exploded an A-bomb.
THE REACTION
H-BOMB:
to
How
has
latest
the
H-bomb’s
the
°
country
disclosures
massive
reacted Editorialists
of
potential?)
the means
have
D
LAN
NEWsacs ENG
inate wees
Special to The New York Times.
Man
Tn the Street View
A New Prospect
report on this reaction last week.
follow,
and
;
the
Regional correspondents of The
New York Times were asked to
Their dispatches
AT HOME
“from
apathetic
crastination.”’
STRAUSS LOOKS TO THE FUTURE
to outright pro-
The Houston Chronicle voiced
the feeling of many a man in the
street when
it said editorially
that “it would seem to be time
now for the President to take
to blast them|the people into his confidence and
and their cities from the face of|reveal to them the fearful power
the earth. At the same time, no/jof the latest hydrogen bomb.”
believes
one
that
the
Soviets
“The
will
American
can
people
BOSTON, April 3—This week’s| not retaliate or that their devel-|),.-n to live with the dangers of
disclosures of the flaming fury|opment of such weapons can be the new era in which
of the hydrogen bomb hit hard in|far behind. The hope is bi
ourselves,” it asserted.
expressed
widely
this area.
that
the
Rus-
side
can}... tn hans
we
find
:
aed a
ae
aie
The statement that the hydro-|sians will heed repeated warnings i sa
i nati ons; but did not put. much
gen bomb could destroy any city|that ina war involving this ulti-
left most people thinking in de-|mate
fensive
terms.
means
“That
it| win.
weapon,
neither
“Tt j
4¢ aaid:
as that
;
a
i
miles
rg
out.)
Be
ge
ee
be
now
we
can
| wt Setee me. ine | ee
all
turn
el
> Ot
to
de-
ae O
r
like India, who
about
Chairman Lewis L. Strauss of the Atomic Energy Commisat President
sion appeared
Eisenhower's
their
press
conference
the Pacific. Following is a key paragraph of that statement:.
“TI would say that one important result of these hydrogen
bomb developments has been the enhancement of our military
capacity
the
to
point
to increase our emphasis
—at
home
to those
hastened
and
who
abroad.
have
that day.”
where
should
we
soon
be
more
free
on the peaceful uses of atomic power
It will
participated
be a tremendous
in this program
satisfaction
that
it has
QUES TIONS AND ANSWERS
ON THE HYDROGEN BOMB
Alb
rey
Last
U.S.
week,
of nuclear
as the shadow
Air Pore
| Wide ° World.
The
destruction
Nes
York
Times
continued
to
darken across the world, President Eisenhower and Chairman
Strauss of the Atomic Energy Commission, above, revealed
that the latest H-bombs can knock out any city in the world.
H-BOMB: THE REACTION IN EUROPE
By DREW
last
week and read a statement on the recent hydrogen bomb tests in
ens
t : ©
er ay ttenth Ee ih
“Never before have we needed
can destroy Boston;” said a sub-|
© se par ests]
a
urban hardware clerk, “and it|peaceful agreement so vitally,”|°PPOS!
°™es from those,
means it can reach us here ten| said a Chicago clergyman. “May-|Care
thinking more
Then, in November, 1952, came an awesome new climax in
the fearful drama—the explosion, above, of the first H-bomb
But in August,
by the U. S. at Eniwetok in the Pacific.
1953, there was evidence that Russia also had an H-bomb.
Associated Press, U. S. atc
MIDDLETON
Special to The New
LONDON,
April
York Times.
3—It
is diffi-
cult to escape the conclusion that
the most serious political casual-
Political Parties Call
For an End to the
Test. Series
ties from the hydrogen weapon
explosions in the Pacific have
been suffered by those GovernConservative party it could not
ments, in Britain and in Europe
’|}have succeeded better than by its
which are the most friendly to
current
manner
of
handling
the United States,
Anglo-American relations on so
In London, a citadel of the vital a subject.
Atlantic alliance, the ConservaOne point deserves emphasis.
tive Government of Sir Winston Although in Britai
n, as on the
Churchill is under heavy assault Continent, the Communists
have
by a Labor party so appalled by done their utmost
to aggravate
the Pacific experiments that it public opinion against the United
has forgotten—for the time being, States, this has had a negligible
at least—its internal feuds. On effect. The Communist party is
the Continent, New York Times
not important here: The Labor
espondents report, CommuIts Basic Bicmeitial Functions sna Outlook|corrnist
s and neutralists have been
prov
ided
with
new ammunition
For Its Development as a Weapon
for
attacks
on
Governments
itions, the party and its fellows
travellers
are
demanding
the
adoption
of . Russia’s ‘control
plan” for nuclear weapons.
Similarly,
two interpellationg
|tabled in the Italian Senate and
Chamber by the Communists and
Left Wing Socialists ask the Gov-
ernment to demand, through its
embassy in Washington, an end
to all hydrogen weapon experi-
mentation
|
by the United
States,
Anxiety of Non-Communists
The
reaction
in
France
and
Italy is not motivated, as it is in
this country, by a- feeling that
the nations are being treated as
inferiors. It is sheer anxiety that
lies behind non-Communist repres
sen
tat
ion
s
to
the
Government,
party is. The Labor party, supIn the long run this may be more
ported by a large number of indif
fic
ult
for
Wa
sh
in
gt
to
on
all
ay
dependent voters and sympathizwen
a a_
‘ee Ne De
oe
ee
sen
ins
alla
A
a
ne et
MR ee SR
Ae
than
it
will
he
for
the
Britis
THE
NEW YORK TIMES
March 16, 1954
lunited States ooh
and
-|
re
c
i
g
e
t
a
r
t
s
l
a
r
t
n
e
c
a
creating
LOOK’ se
rve.
8. ON ‘NEW
tr
aie
Continued From
mks
L
Ae Canada’ s attitude toward things
me
_
_
jAmerican had been partly deter-
. jmined, Mr, Pearson explained, by
United States-Canadian Commis-|the “feeling that our destiny * * *
sion on trade. and economics.
may be decided, not by ourselves, |
The Canadian Minister recalled|but across our border ‘by means
|
(
"
t
NE
NN
W
W
|
y re
|
LOOK
J
4
,
|
|
Pe earson edSays Allies Must Be
Consult
3
Now if Policy Is
‘
to Work ina
as
,
:
|:
eee
Crisis.
By DAN A ADAMS SCHMIDT
Special to ‘Tur New York TIMES
WASHINGTON.
that J ohn Foster Dulles, Secre-land at places not of our choostary of State, in his speech -of|ing’; to adapt a famous phrase.”
Jan, 12, “which may turn out to|
“This accounts,” he said, “for|
be one of the most. important of|much of the uneasiness that en-
;
our
had
times.”
a se
announced
into
Washington decision “to depend|@dians as
ee
they look
=
some Ca-
south, and
principally upon a great éapacity realize that they are quite unable
to retaliate, instantly, by means,|"0
escape
the
consequences
of
and at places of our own choos-|What you do—or don’t do. It in|duces on —
;
ea
ing.”
part an
‘agonizing ;
Questions Meaning of Words [grerdeur of indeveionens ne
In a sense, he continued, Ca-
“Mr. Pearson asked. what was|
:
meant by the words “instantly,”|nadian-United
{
countries affected— by
States defense policy.
States
relations
“means” and “‘our.’”’ Similar ques-|are “merely part of the relations,
tions have been raised in recenti|between members of a coalition
months in all the free world|0f which by far the mightiest]
United member is the United States, but
in which Canada is now strong
The Thailand Embassy has, for|¢nough to make a contribution of
March : iat
sags
instance, asked the State Depart-|Some importance; one which we
Canada’s Secretary of State for
External Affairs told the United)’
States today that it would have)
ment
whether the new policy|think entitles us to an appromeant that if the Communist|priate share in the responsibility}
or|for making those decisions which
Vietnam
invaded
Chinese
|
Thailand the United Staets would|affect us.”
to consult with its Allies now if}
|
Defense Costs Cited
He said that Canada devoted|
bia age ior ag
Ping}
ie print tin 5
or Moscow. _
it expected support in an emer-|
defense|'
look”
‘new
its
for
gency
policy.
‘Meanwhile, at a hearing of the 10 per cent of her gross national
“To put it bluntly,” Lester B.}?
Pearson, the Secretary, said,|'
ngriae 45 per cent
Armed Service subcommittee of acai
mainthe Senate Appropriations Com- Panes + = es Be
‘if this policy of preventing]’
aggression by the threat of im-
“new look” might reduce United with the United States “in the
a defense installaStates forces without reducing foe
i 7s "aD fics ont ee
mittee, Gen, Matthew B. Ridg-|
irst line jet
way, Army. Chief of Staff, ex-|fOP®, including
pressed concern today that. the fighters, and cooperated actively
agreements on “policies and tac"
tics and timing” were essential]
mediate and overwhelming devas-|'
tation, is to work collectively.”
Mr; Pearson’s words, addressed
ae
An
|
to a National Press Club lunch-
|‘
Phin? ceria ies lirect protection of
their overseas commitments,
yoi1, recognizing
on plans. for the]
Information
nc
rn
pondera
forces
States
adaptation of United was
. 0:
given the|>
to the “new look”
subcommittee by Charles E. Wil- power made it
that th
Bre:
c
ite
G nited
States
inevitable that
‘eon, were the bluntest comment|'
yet heard from an Allied states-|'
son, Secretary of Defense; Rob- United States views should often
ert T. Stevens, Secretary of the Pe = asserted, there were
ministration’s new defense policy.|-
retary
on
man
the
Hisenhower
Ad-|:
They were given added force by
the fact that it was
ee
P
OT
A
Ae
Chief
cal
son
said
ye GOS
for the meeting tomorrow of the
‘TIoint
Air]
the
of
y
Secretar
Talbott,
Force; Admiral Robert B. Care|
ney,
eet
Econémic. Board sof ~ thel
Harold BE. in.
of the Navy;
unusual. for
a statesman to criticize another)
nation’s|“
i
policies
‘nation’s
en
ae
M
Robert B. Anderson, Sec-|__
Army;
Operations
of Naval
A
~ Sip. Nate 5 See
ae
Sta
Chief of
orce
“Collective action,” Mr. Pear‘means
in his. speech,
collective consultation, but that
must
be
“necessity
reconciled
for swift
and
with
the}
effective}:
action, This reconciliation is not
easy, within a single government.
It is even less easy between governments.”
Yet means must be found for
working
together “in
any
new
defense policy,” he declared, “if
the great coalition which we have
formed for peace is not to be replaced by
an entrenched
conti-
nentalism which, I can assure
you, makes no great appeal] to
your northern
neighbor
as the
best way to prevent war or de-
feat aggression, and which is not
likely to provide a solid basis for
good. ‘United States-Canadian Te|
lations.” °~
During a question period later
Mr. Pearson. explained that by
“entrenched continentalism” he
meant “a Maginot-line’ mp erect
to et in,
;
bs
hay
e
4 na
ee
may
feel that
to differ and speak out
policies.
own
our
of
Support
Americans, we will]
Beit No}
Ui
frank
bi
THE
NEW YORK TIMES
March 16, 1954
DETR
Agereos ont
Vat oso Bao) 401CT boleh
. opie
TTL
Gre
Kigcs
|
"She" ‘of the ‘service
c
fs _to ex-
press definite reservations about
‘the wisdom of.the new policy in
‘today’s hearing, attended by -the
entire first team from the Defense Department,
Charles E.
Wilson, the Defense Secretary,
was the first witness,
Wilson Concedes ‘Confusion’
Mr,
Wilson,
acknowledging
there was ‘a lot of confusion”
about
the meaning
program,
of
the
said the United
|was not placing
exclusive
new
States
reli-
‘ance on nuclear weapons. He de‘scribed the “new look” as a “nat-
ural evolution” from previous de-
fense planning, geared to meet
a threat that would ‘continue
unabated over an extended period of years,’ rather than to
reach a peak at any fixed date.
The
subcommittee
chairman,
Senator
Homer
that
program
publican
the
scribed
rather
h
Senate Appropriations Sub-.
al ofia
Robert T. page
Mer
Laer eanert
ae
|
~~
bene
ao
-
eS,
por
before
a
Army Chief of Staff,
committee. At left is
Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway,
~~
STAND:
FA
TAKES
]
—
RIDGWAY
hadobtated Press Wirephoto
of
as
than
Ferguson,
Michigan,
“an
Re-
remarked
had
economy
been
a national
de-|
budget,
defense
budget.”
Mr. Wilson replied that it was
“a, national defense budget,” but
that “no military strategy can
be
developed. in an
economic
vacuum.”
He also indicated there would
be no
automatic
reliance
on
“massive retaliation” if the United States became
involved in
local wars.
“We
will
take
a good
square
look at each situation,” Mr. Wil-
WASHINGTON,
Special to THe New York Times.
March 15—Gen. Matthew B.
Army Chief of Staff, refusy oC
recommended the 18 per c@
for in the “new look” defer
ro
program. es ‘
He was questioned at a Senate Appropriations subcommittee
hearing on his part in the decision as a member of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff. General Ridgway
said it would be improper and
possibly embarassing to reply in
open session.
|
He had accepted
the reduction,
he added, and would.do his best
to carry it out. However, he declined under persistent questioning by Senator Burnet R. May:
bank, Democrat of South Carolina, to pronounce himself satisfied with the new military ooo eD
se
eleanor:
ar
]
son
said.
Senator Maybank’s
of General
questioning
Ridgway
came after
the Army Chief had read a prepared statement expressing “particular concern” over the reduc-
tion
in
1,407,200
1,172,700
Army
men
by
strength,
next
June
30,
July
1955.
from
1
to
By
that date, the general said, the
Army will have dropped to seventeen divisions from its current
strength of twenty divisions.
“Our capabilities will be lowered Sena
Eeaponaihilities for
|
(Over)
his decision
he Army Chief explained that} or do
when a career officer received a range
decision from higher authority
abated
“he accepts the decision as a
sound one: and doés his utmost to|S4id)
DISTURBS RIDGWA
not Believe that the ingre
Communist
menace
has
one ihn o as Stevens
~~
*
Conti
From
Page
1
‘
inued From”
ge
He had accepted
the 1955) ‘The most favorable statements
‘have yet to be correspondingly|military budget"as sovind ‘andhelon the “new look” program were|
rs
had “no-doubt the Army will be|made by Harold E. Talbott, Seclessened,
General
Ridgway
sqid.
able to solve the problern
He Takes Long-Range View
it con-|retary of the Air Force,. and Gen.
fronts us:with,” General Ridgway|Nathan
F. Twining,
Air
Force
:
Chief of Staff,
He also indicated a lack of en- said.
thusiasm for the Administration’s
When ‘Senator Maybank raised|
Mr. Talbott said that air power,
the question of General Ridgway’s|particularly the striking power
air- attitude ‘within the Joint Chiefsjof the strategic Air Force, was
argument that increased
atomic power in the future would |toward: ‘the adoption of the new|the keystone of the new policy.
make up for the immediate re-|pudget, the
duction in ground
-
strength.
General
he|
said
“Even the most daring aggres-
|wanted to challenge the propriety|sor must pause,” Mr. Talbott said,
“In the long-range view,” Gen-|of putting such a ‘question ‘at’ aj “when faced. with ‘the ‘knowledge
ded
an
e
iv
ns
fe
of
g
in
ow
gr
our
of
r|
to
na
Se
d
ke
as
He
eral Ridgway said, ‘it is con- public hearing.
air forces.”
Ferguson, whether he could reply —
‘
the
that
d
‘sai
ng
ini
‘Tw
l
era
Gen
.
|
~
*
~
*©*
ion.
sess
ed
clos
ata
r
late
OF
ON
GUH
PxO
ee
oe
et
{the
Army’s]
missions
may
be|
«pecayse
modified by complementary means rassing ?-
being’ developed within the mili-|asked.
tary establishment. In the de-|
oe sis
ee
fe é aight
of today, which
Senator
“Maybank
'
been
dictated by the
_ ‘{this country
plied.
Soviet Un-
“ jion’s ability to’ produce
“Yes, ‘sir,” the Army Chief re- genes
atomic
to deliver them in
Robert. B. Anderson, Secretary
Robert T. Stevens,’ ‘Secretary
of the Army, said in a companion|Of the Navy, and Admiral Robert
of the Army’s missions and com- statement
mitments
it might be catenins tenew emphasis on air power had
that a seventeen-divi-|S. Carney, Chief of Naval Opera-
must|sion force would be adequate 'so|tions; ernphasized that the United
properly be met if our military|long as, these assumptions re- States must expand its shipbuildjing to prevent mass obsolescence
_
mained ‘true:
posture is to be maintained.”
Senator
Maybank
asked
the}
@That>there was no. esump-]6f the
general if he was “perfectly satis-|tion of, the fighting in Korea.
fleet, "~-
They disclosed that the Navy
@Thatthe South Korean forces|was asking for funds to build a
\fied” with the reduction.
“fam not perfectly satisfied,” |could be built up to. twenty: divi-| third Taal pubrriarize,
sions by: next June,
General Ridgway replied.
Was he “satisfied?” the Sen-|
itor persisted., The»
4That'the build-up of Japanese launcl ned ime
_ de-jni Henai, .
forces:: confined,
ond,»
the:
irst
3
DETROITFREEPRESS
ao
OBLIVION’
OR
‘PEACE
Pe
‘Unlimited’ Cheap
March 20,
Saturday,
eae
’54
Power,
That’ s Atomic Age Promise
ED
WINGE
Free Press Staff Writer
aA
And,
finally,
what
of
our
;
atomic future?
Will it truly be a “Golden Age”’
of space flight and climate control and water-cheap electricity ?
age of atom-powered
An
cars, planes, trains and ships
with weightless fuel and limitless range?
Will
it be
an
age
when
can-
cer and high blood pressure are
forgotten words, found only in
musty history books?
The
knows.
really
one
No
atomic “erystal ball” is clouded
by disagreement,
_ Last
of a
Series
Scientists differ
their
in
widely
views of the atomic future.
But few would be dogmatic
enough to deny that some day
all of these things mentioned
above will come to pass.
This much seems certain:
.
Before long, the clothes you
wear, the car you drive, and the
house you build, will last longer,
wear better and look nicer. Because
of the atom.
*
ve
®
YOU WILL live longer, remain
healthier, and eat more nourishing food. Because of the atom,
Entire new industries based on
materials yet to be discovered in
atomic research laboratories will
spring up, helping to expand a
dynamic economy,
more,
All this, and much
will be mere dividends, or byproducts of the Atomic Age.
For the most dramatic and exciting promise of the Atomic
Age now unfolding is that it
source of
offers a vast new
Cheap, abundant power.
power.
Power that can be moved easily from mountain top to desto jungle.
ert, from ice cap
ana
“Moved in handy
atomic furnaces that burn thei
weightless fuel so slowly they
need to be refilled only once
every three asic
:
|
we
_ ATOMIC-POWERED J trains:
We could build one today if we
wanted
it
bad
enough.
But
chances are we never will be-
s
“SUCH PROBLEMS as changing climates by pumping sea wa-
cause
ter into deserts can be licked
with current technology,” says
Dr.
John
J.
Grebe,
research
| the
During that same eight-hour
period, Detroit Edison now burns
up 4,000 tons of coal, costing
According to unofficial estimates, the “price” of uranium
is $35 a pound. (Actually, there
is no open market on uranium
‘jand no published price on the
refined
product).
Thus the
atomic fuel required to run De|troit Edison for eight hours,
would cost ate.
“Report on the
predicts
at
but
ent
city
will
remain
same, because fuel
20
per
cent
electri-
about
the
accounts for
of the
total
cost. More expensive nuclear reactors will offset. lower
fuel
costs, at least at first.
Independent, home-sized power)
units: Far, far in the future, if;
ever feasible, Reactors are complicated machines, requiring
skilled maintenance, Even
the
small ones,
*
*
_
|
systems,
of delivered
were
feasible
*
*
:
-
surface
ships:
still impossible at the pres-/
stage of knowledge—except
as a laboratory trick as in the
case of RCA’s widely-publicized
Certain (|
to come within 10 years, at a
price competitive with coal.
Will supplement rather than
replace
existing
generating
only
if they
to electricity: A wonderful dream, |
atomic energy.
What follows is a consensus
of their thinking
on specific
:
phases of the subject:
electricity:
over
Again, “optimistic” reports on
work being done on Navy aircraft carrier. Commercial ocean
liners,
powered
by A-engines,
may be in use 10 to 20 years
from now.
Atomic submarine,
Nautilus, already has proved it :
can be done.
Direct Conversion of A-power
from now will be nuclear reactors.
:
3
During the research that pre-.
ceded the writing of this series
of articles, many scientists made
|predictions
on the future of
cost
even
A-POWERED
former
Energy
that
all
otherwise.
:
Atomic-powered
planes:
Not
only
possible,
but
“probable.”
“Optimistic” progress reports on
A-plane research now under way
recently given to Congress.
Ajengined planes probably will be
jets. Or maybe even dirigibles.
least 10 per cent of all new
power
stations built 10 years
The
materials
*
Dean,
Atomic
of serious
countryside,
cars
x
Atomic
probtem
Collision hazard with radioactive
contamination
probably
would rule atomic engines out in
$32,000.
Commission,
the
engines.
Autos with A-enwinea: Shield‘ing required to-protect against
radiation and heat so bully,
engine never could be built
small enough for present-type
cars,
is enough energy in just 3.2
pounds of uranium to run the
entire Detroit Edison system
for eight hours,
Atom”,
Gordon
chairman of the
diesel
‘|radioactive
energy:
IN HIS BOOK,
mean railroads
collision probably never can be
‘licked. Train wreck would spew
Theoretically, he says, there
about
for
Also,
ison to point up the power prom-
.
would
have to go back to the
cycle they are now aban-
doning
counselor for the Dow Chemical
Co., of Midland.
|
Dr. Grebe makes this compar-
ise of atomic
it
would
steam
“atomic
battery.”
Useful
power
from
the hy-
drogen bomb’s fusion reaction:
There has been published, spec-
ulation recently that H-power —
enemies
BY
| may be just around the corner.
A
member
of
the
|
Joint Con-
|gressional Committee on Atomic
Energy,
Pa.),
Rep.
has said
Van Zandt (R.,
we
have
made
important “breakthroughs” in the
peffort to harness
H-powers
If it materializes, harnessing
increase the
would
H-power
| world’s fuel (and energy) supply|
|beyond
imagination.
It would |
mean, in effect, that we could :
burn water,
PGE WES
ins
ae
el Sar
eee
|
RECENT
REPORTS
on the |
frightful destructiveness of the);
thermonuclear, or hydrogen, |
bomb tested recently in the mid-|
ominous
an
like
lay
Pacific,
shadow across the glimmering
path to an atomic future of
peace and plenty.
The compounded horror of the
H-bomb numbs man’s ability to
imagine the devastation of which
it is capable.
Gordon Dean, who speaks
|
authoritative
serves
soberly:
k nowled
ge,
ob-|
“Wars and threats of wars |
| have been a part of man’s life
all through history. Whereas
the problem before was simply
one
of war
or peace,
it is now
one of oblivion or peace.
“Yet man,
|
even in the atomic.
age, has not chosen peace. He
also has not chosen oblivion. And
he seems to think he can go on
forever without deciding one way
,
|
or another.
“Maybe he can, but the
are enormous,”
risks
|
Story
(Related
aes
e
jmore
on Page 18)
_.
31.—!
March
WASHINGTON,
(P)—Chairman Lewis L, Strauss,
of the Atomic Ener sy Commis:
ssid today a hydrosion (AEC)
¥
rs
oF
gen bomb big arelcH
to destroy
city ca Strauss: replied.
“Any
developing
to
attention
| Charles L. Agen eR a
Here,
some down a sewer, and put the rest ina bowl.
president Eisénhower listened |pressed.
report ter
a
York?”
“New
|peaeetime uses of atomic energy.|
nee
bait
in. tne
about. going
the minnows in cans, sold some to playmates, dropped
os
|
The | Be Sha Sok
Strauss nodded and sald,
bw vith keen attention as Strauss—!
ee
ie
|
a.”
are
an
it
ol
op
tr
me
ts
tés
e
ifi
Pac
the
m
fro
just back’
“2
d)
wor
the
d
use
o
als
s:
aus
Str
;
and
'+-read a four-page statement
an
t
wha
g
bin
cri
des
in
”
roy
ést
‘“d
*
.
ons
sti
que
few
a
ed.
wer
ans
en
jth
jy reply
to
one
question,,|H-bomb
could
do to the
metro-
any city in the world now can be Strauss said, without qualifica-|politan area of New York.
ah.
made.
—
tion, that an. H-bomb large)
Asked — specifically after «the |
Strauss made the statement atjenough to “take out” a city ca ne| ws conferenceMwha
he
t
mean
t’
Mae
a
President Eisenhower’s weekly |pbe made.
a city, |
i
tests in the
The
March.
“were
AEC
chairman
1: and
March
successful”
a
big
“How
He attended!
news conference.
the conference to give the public. asked.
a partial report on the recent
city?”
|
_(Concluded
far. Pacific. |
said the
26 tests
and
?
declared
out
“take
phrase
by the
ut
he
on
aD
Ese
2)
N
U.
Ss.
J
d;
udges
|
ame
e
e
—
e
t
u
p
s
i
D
s
e
s
u
a
C
e
n
=
s
e
t
t
a
'
u
.sa''e
that
“enormous
TWICE
potential
has
EXPECTATIONS
He denied reports that the first
te
ne
a
number
ee ie
ae
exposed
which
blast,
ae
:
plosion
scene
to
“hot”
Strauss
said.
“But
at
went out of control.
“It was a stupendous
ashes,|
no
tists
error
had
not
expected—a
unusual,
time!
scien-|
margin
he added,
-
shift
unexpected
By
:
WILL
on Page 2.)
iguson's
and
MULLER
Of Our Washington
Bureau
iPotter
March 31.
‘WASHINGTON,
trawler was
nied.
cr
cals
IKE IS LISTENER
the bench
immediate
The
Rapids, won
in Grand
of Michigan
approval
other, that of Ralph
aac
:
ee
had.
bers
aes
lee tes Cle
personal
not
will
furt he ri
Bott
Inju
interfere!
‘gasolit
CONFER
M.|
|Jackson, national
conferred
at length
They
particularly
son yesterday.
his
|personal
(Buck)
dk
vA
The
eder.|was
desire
friend,
or
Giles,
to the
supported |Detroiter
;
committeeman,
come
objection
out
strongly |=SS
devote} for Carl H. Smith, Bay City, for-
to
wanted
name
to
One
4
; 48)
a ike
William B.
other)
any
bench.|
oie
/own
The
also
trailer
the recom-
flames
Department
Justice
reported disturbed because | vented
to mendations
were . bitter
with Fergu- :
Detroit
anil Rep. © they |Ferguson announced
they y
but
Se ink
to satisfying the requirements of sons
the armed forces and hasten the}
They y h had
can
avoid
REPUBLICANS
in the! Freeman, of Flint, to the Detroit|block
commission “very much nearer”
the AEC
and
to
Darr
John Feikens, Republican state;
One appointment, that of W.|
Wallace Kent, of ‘Kalamazoo, to chairman, and David W. Kendall, $100.06
Strauss said the tests bring the had : no
day. when
for a Peete
| weldin
Smith,
in
disinterest
the).
with
along
went
— \deadlock
the
in
storm
a
‘ovoked
pr
court,
to|
particles
atomic
carried
wind
the area where a Japanese fish-| Michigan delegation to Congress,
ing
his
demand
compromise
federal judges for Michigan.
in| Republicans.
testing “a totally new weapon. 7
An
(Pictures
Cyri
an- Soneileaae confirmation of° the
today
Ferguson
‘Senator
}Lincol:
blast,”| nounced the selection of two new
was the testing out of control.”
He said the power of the explo-|
sion was about twice what
|
- Geo!
Parma
before the FBI could | burnec
(Concluded on Page 2)
:
,
:
truck. :
Bott
| smash
oe
TAXES
H-Bomb Can Kill
Any City, Strauss
Says After Tests ©
area around
the explosion
is
cl
ea
re
d
of all human
Strauss said he meant “put a city
a
further precaution.
out of commission, not level it.”.
REDS
SHOW
INTEREST
In
Here are the sizes of the two
biggest cities of the world, as
estimated by the National Geographic Society:
New York — Metropolitan area
13,550
square
miles;
area, 314 square miles.
, London
survey
searched
1 test,
aircraft.
the
area
and
BLASTED
which
beings as
he
He made
“carefully
reported
phenson
SOME SEE SWITCH
_|
There are some, he went on,
_|apparently meaning some of his
advisers, who think this indicates
a change in ‘Soviet policy and a
;| disposition to negotiate earnestly
and honestly,
In
fact,
to be
Strauss
well
said
No
on.a
limited
peacetime
eed
and
‘Was devoted to an explanation|
of the “fall-out” — the sucking
up and vaporizing of earth or
Water by an atomic blast and
the spreading of these radioactive particles by the wind.
It is because of this fall-out, he
Said, that this c(ountry tests its
largest weapons In a remote part|
| of the Pacific and he said a wide
that
en shown
the
incidént
involving
the
fall-out on inhabited areas was
actually a planned part of the
operation. I do not wish to comment
on
this other
than
to
characterize it as utterly false,
irresponsible and gravely unjust
to the men engaged in this patri-
otic service.”
out
said,
of!
Boulevard—Open
ns
|.
Young
Hewson
recently
his mother, officers said. That(j
was
the reason,
police added,
that the elder Hewson waited in
ambush in the living room of
their home and fired at his son
as the latter descended the stairs.
|.
|r
dieits Meltideniitlis
McGINNIS—John
E.,
13937 Young. Husband
(nee
Clymer);
Eugene
T.;
father
brother
of
Jack
of
D.
and you may
Win Jhiz
Pony!
Mrs.
Thursday
tion
ment
TGR TEE
=
=
5
2
=
Home,
at 8:30,
and
(Grotto)
Church
Mt. Olivet.
13841
the
at
outa,
| reasons
why...
ond
3 og
:
eC
Name
Value!a
My
My
Addams
eso0use
ccies
Do
R
caw
IS
Name
Father's
:
ite ee
bees
RES
aaa
Pe
aE
(as
se
ee
eas
an
1.
cee
80
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e
a3
TENT!
eee
See
eee
C8
ee
Weitere
Seven
‘for
>
t
Assump-
ee O00
:
f
)
;
et why you think the shop §:
CLAYTON'S
5
OPEN!
NEVER PLAYED BEFORE? CAN'T READ NOTES? |
SPEND HALF AN HOUR AT THIS ORGAN AND YOU'LL
;
ye
h
,
NEW
BOYS’NOWSHOP
tax
Inter-
a
Equal.
words
25
tn
e
it
wr
so
Al
.
op
sh
'
boys
°
she
separate
on
less
: or
should be called this. Mail to Clay
a
Gratiot,
9. —
Savings.
Bond
of
v
e
OP
NAME
COh
BOYS SHO Shelby
ELAYTO N'S Pr
:
i
i
4
Joseph
McchilGidrnnenis. ; Fugrneanradflathefrromot thixe Wegritanend:Funeral
on
t
3
.
@.
—O4
€
POW
(Laura) Dykstra, Mrs. Edith Wilson
and Mrs
(Anna) Laven, both
; . David
;
berner
=
5
and
a
Name CLAYTON'S new ‘boys’ department
|,
i
cas
March
30, of
of Ethel Mary
|
|
* My
DE
AT
H
NO
TI
CE
S
ath emis ead da eae ea mar
ae
,
la
BlRd.., Entrance | 'E
O,pen 9:; 30 to 5:30
pennlefils
20,, Thurs., Fri.+, Sat.Sab., til4i1l 1-9-009:00 —
E''_—O
had
beaten his father for mistreating
:
9:30 to 5:30, Monday and Thursday till 9:00
|
|
NORTHLAND
utes after firing two shots at his
21-year-old son, Roland.
un-
has suggested
honor
Washington
of 927 Masonville, was arrested.
shortly before 5 a.m., only min- |}
given
when
Strauss registered some indig“played. up” in the papers more nation when he said further:
than the secretary intended. = |. “A rece
nt
co
mm
en
t
wh
ic
h
TI
Much
of Strauss’ statement!
have be
any
he
DOWNTOWN
A Windsor father today was
held for the attempted murder of
his son.
Police said Joseph Hewson, 56,
amid
INDIGNATION
claim
party,
a
the
in Murder Attempt
DUOC HACE
SHOWS
the
|Police Hold Father
that of the U. S. weather station
-
of
the federal budget is unbalanced
in the current year and the President has predicted a deficit next
year.
ns
ing to Laborite
demands,
an“Sk
in
les
ion
s
observed
are
nounced today in London the
th
ou
gh
t
to
be
du
e to the chemiHouse of Commons will open a
cal
act
ivi
ty
of
the
converted mafull debate on hydrogen bomb
ter
ial
in
the
cor
al
rat
her
tha
n
to
problems next Monday.
Churchrad
ioa
ctivity, since these lesions
ill said he would speak himself
on Britain’s position and policy. are said to be already healing.”
He said yesterday American exOCEAN WOT HARMED
periments in the Pacific were
Str
aus
s
sai
d
als
o
tha
t
the
facts
essential to defense of the free
world and spurned demands that do not bear out reports of widehe use his influence to have them spread contamination
of tuna
called off.
and other fish,
Strauss stressed that this
He
wen
t
on
to
say:
country makes no tests “with-|:
“Wi
th
res
pec
t
to
the
app
reout
a definite
purpose,”
and
hen
sion
that fall-out radioacwithout seeking “an end result
tivi
ty
would move toward Japan
of major importance to our milion
the Japanese Current, I can |
tary strength and readiness.”
“It should also he noted,” -he State that any radioactivity fall- |
would
said “that the testing of weap- ing into the test area
bec
ome
har
mle
ss
wit
hin
a
few
ons
is important
likewise in
order to be fully aware of the miles after being picked up by
possible future aggressive abil- }these currents ... and would be
ity of an enemy, for we now completely undetectable within
fully know that we possess no 500 miles or less.”
Likewise, Strauss said, there
monopoly of capability in this
is
nothing to be concerned about
awesome field.”
«
in the “small increase of radioCITES EXAGGERATIONS
| active material detected in the
Strauss said there have been air in the United States after
'“exaggerated and mistaken” de. every American test—and, for
‘scriptions of the March i test,
that matter, after the Russian
| Secretary of Defense Wilson. tests as well.”
yesterday described this one as|
“unbelievable.” Strauss said he
ithought
that word has
been
chairman
tion amounts to, Byrd said, since |=
she reaches marriageable age. |
Strauss said American medical
personnel
who escaped.
harmed, and he added:
|
is
Ste-
vo
ti
ng
a
x
cu
t
th
b
o
wecd
money; Thta
at is whwi
at this rrreodu
atomic development pool.
authorities were not allowed to
Strauss’ statement plainly was examine the Japanese fishermen
aimed at soothing some of the until today.
unrest stirred up in Britain and
He said, however, reports up to
elsewhere by the recent H-bomb now indicate the blood count of
tests.
these men is about the same as
BRITONS TO DEBATE
Prime Minister Churchill, bow-
Co. in |
of merchandise.”
political
EEE
|together
his wife, and that he had
her 10 pigs for her dowry
t
presi-
were putting the nation on
“road to financial suicide.”
laughter, one child has been born
‘in the group
and others are
expected.
|
He said the child, a girl, was
born while he was at the hospital on Kwajalein and added she
would had been named Allison, after
.|
He sad this certainly
‘|be welcomed in the light of his
.|proposa] last January that the
.|Western powers and Russia get
vice
National Retail Dry Goods Asso: |
ciation’s taxation committee.
HW
Senator
Byrd
-(D-Va.)
voted
against the bill and said the cuts
He said none of the Americans
was burned and the 236 natives
to me
needs.”
Stephenson,
categories
AMERICANS UNHARMED
“appeared
happy.”
r
acted as a brake on the affected
Ro
ng
er
ik
an
d
Ut
er
ik
we
re
wi
thin
asked what significance the govthe
ar
ea
of
th
e
fa
ll-out when the
ernment attaches to the recent
wi
nd
ca
rr
ie
d
th
e
ra
di
oactive parpublication by the Russians of
tic
les
th
ei
r
wa
y,
St
ra
uss said.
some details of their atomic and
H-weapon research,
7
The President said he did not
know — but that many discus-|sions have been held and the result is inconclusive.
ceeds Nikolai A. Mikhailov,
cently named
ambassador
Poland.
Detroit, called the reductions “an |
important forward step to loosen |
the shackles that have so long
said,
ather personnel and 236° natives a? the islands of Rongelap,
this statement when
(>) —
newsI. V.
BY BYRD
dent of the J. L. Hudson
1,725 square miles; “The City” “Lucky Dragon.” In calling it
117 square miles.
“Fortunate Dragon,’ Strauss was
Eisenhower himself said earlie
using a variant of the translation
there is some
possibility the from the Japanese.)
Russians are getting ready to
The trawler and its 23 crew
talk business about a plan for
|members as well as 28 American
international peacetime use. of
we
atomic energy.
gional Communist Pagty. He su
“will provide the stimulus |
business
E. C,
nate Dragon” appears to have
been missed by the search.
.
(News dispatches from Japan
have identified the trawler as the
area,
One
has been elected fit
of the Moscow’ R
Secretary of Commerce Weeks
has hailed the cuts as the step
no. shipping,” but he said the
Japanese fishing trawler “Fortu-
downtown
— Metropolitan
March
Page
New Regional Chief
MOSCOW,
Ma
rc
h
3
1
.
—
this
a $2,900,|
Th
e
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
s
t
P
a
r
t
y
000,000 estimated deficit.
8
But the President did not ask paper Pravda said today
for any excise tax cuts this year,
and Secretary of the Treasury
Humphrey has consistently opposed them.
center
TRAWLER IS MISSED
the
Continued from
budget
carried
Kapitonov
Secretary
Etc cee
Continued from Page One
Moscow Reds Elect.
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:
d
e
s
s
e
l
e
R
s
l
i
a
t
e
D
riladnde anishes in Puff
Is
V
Continued
from
Page
One
|
at the core of that churning, brilliant man-made star presumably
shot to a momentary temperature like the body of the sun.
HOW IT WOULD
The
picture included
HIT NEW
an imposition
YORK
spreading out laterally near the
base of
the , stratosphere.
It
eventually attained a diameter
of 100 miles.
In this upper air phenomenon|
there seemed to be an explana-
of the fireball on a drawn
outline of Manhattan’s skyline. It overwhelmed about one-quarter |tion of the recent troubles of the
ph.
|
atomic
test
force
of Manhattan, blanketing Washington Square downtown and reac
spreading
radiation
ing uptown to Central Park.
March 1 test.
The official estimate was that the area of “complete annihilation” extended outward in a three-mile radius, that severe to mod-|
In
his White
ference
erate damage reached out to seven miles, light damage as far as 10.| Chairman
Both movies
Wednesday.
Accounts were to have been withheld until then, too,
In his column
papers
today,
in some
Drew
of time.
cloud
column
40,000
feet.
CAMERA
The lens of
not
encompass
artist’s sketch
show
another
news- sion.
upward
cloud,
to)
TOO SMALL
the camera could
it all,
so
an
was displayed to
fantastic
dimen-
The mushroom-top
of the
Pearson
sped
on
and
he added:
column
is
preview
caust.”
of
“However,
able
the
GREATER
to
give
horrible
a
factors
this
be
word
holo-
1, The
1952
explosion,
note
fy
while
dam-
age would have increased by sev-:
eral multiples.
SLIGHTLY LESS POWER.
power
of the
blast
might
have diminished, but the zone in-
creased.
The
destruction
produced by heat and the injury by
the intense, instant radiation of
the fusion bomb would have been |:
correspondingly increased in}.
]
area, only slightly diminished in
intensity.
The picture disclosed another
peculiar
hydrogen
lateral
deadly
characteristic
of the},
bomb, a pronounced)s
blast effect. The ugly,iz
“base surge’ cloud of};
the bomb and the racing shock
front flashed out to far greater! p
width than any standard
fission
bomb,
.
atomici¢
&
Aloft, the sight was equally |t:
The thermonuclear] t:
astounding.
explosion, like any atomic bomb,
produced the familiar picture of d
a giant mushroom, But this time t.
the stem of the mushr6om grew |~
and grew and grew—until it had)
poked 25 miles
into the
strato-
sphere, Even in the early stages,
in the first two minutes, the
ERI,
of the)
at-
But
HIGHER ALTITUDE
the
fact
that
the
1952
cloud stem blew to the entirely
unprecedented height of 25 miles,
well up into the stratosphere,
suggested that the recent cloud
might have pushed up
region of “jet stream”
reaching
an
into the
flow of
Air masses
mass movements.
moving in several different directions could have carried seg-
‘!duced by dust and debris.
point of burst at several thousand feet altitude, the area of
The
Strauss
]
‘the dirty, dun-colored tones pro-|}
ploded in mid-air after being
dropped from a plane, with the
and severe
yesterday,
high and brilliant tones of in- 1
salmon, 1
coral,
-|tense
white,
‘|mauve and blue, with some of £
the mightiest up to then, was of
- substantially lower
order than
the
shattering
detonation § at
Bikini atoll last March 1.
The
latter is assumed to have been
on the order of 16 megatons—
the equivalent of energy
produced by explosion of 16 million
tons of T-N-T.
2. The 1952 blast was exploded
at ground level, which probably
“would not be the method used in:
- wartime attack unless a specific,
target was the objective. Ex-
total destruction
con-
to newsmen, or at least the print,
was faulty.
- Overall color tones of the ex|plosion itself were in sepia, dark
browns, dull gold and black. An}.
atomic blast is characterized by
‘about this 1952 test and the
theoretical application of them
to big cities like New York and
Washington:
news
various points of the compass.
The quality of film displayed
POWER
should
the
ments of the radioactive stem to,
_ Following publication of these
accounts, the major news serv:
_jees decided to go ahead with
their own reviews.
Two
Lewis
from.
portion|air and other high altitude air
noted that “the veil covering the altitude of about 10 miles, began
H-bomb will be lifted next week,”
discussion
the
Atomic Energy Commission
|
tributed most of the trouble to,
predicted wind
of
a reversal
|
direction,
and still pictures were to have been released next
but some broke into print ahead
_ The New York Times, publishing an account in today’s editions, said it did so because. a
descriptive review by a _ syndicated
columnist
appeared
in
newspapers a few hours after a
special press showing.
House
with
¥
t
8
}
t
e
e
M
E
A
S
I
L
poe
C. FAY
By ELTON
AP
Military
Affairs
|
Reporter
WASHINGTON, April 1. — The government today
disclosed details of the world’s first hydrogen explosion
—a searing and crushing fury that wiped out an island
fire
ic
ant
gig
a
ed
duc
pro
and
eye
an
of
ing
nkl
twi
the
in
ball big enough to engulf the heart of New York City.
r
ea
cl
nu
mo
er
th
the
of
m
fil
e
tur
pic
on
ti
mo
al
ici
off
The
gy
er
En
ic
om
At
the
by
d
te
uc
nd
co
2,
195
,
test in November
ll,
ato
ok
et
iw
En
at
nt
me
rt
pa
De
e
ns
fe
De
and
Commission
the
y
—b
rm
fo
ed
sor
cen
at
wh
me
so
n
—i
ic
bl
pu
de
was ma
Federal Civil Defense Administration.
That agency said it “firmly believes it is necessary for
vecti
tru
des
the
ut
abo
ts
fac
w
kno
to
lic
pub
the American
~~ |ness of nuclear weapons.”
. And it quoted from the speech of President Eisenhower
COMPLETE ‘COVERAGE
|ON HYDROGEN BLAST
before the United Nations Assembly last December, in
|which he said, “clearly, if the peoples of the world are to
conduct an intelligent search for peace, they must be armed
with the significant facts of today’s existence.”
Full page of pictures on back page.
by
ibed
descr
been
has
test
1952
the
was,
it
as
ome
Awes
|
Plansfor mass evacuation here bared.—Page 2.
gen
hydro
’s
nation
this
in
step
first
a
only
as
hower
Eisen
Mr.
New material reduces cost of H-bombs.—Page 48.
am.
ns
progr
weapo
Raduactive snow falls in Montana.—Page 48.
in
blasts
lear
thermonuc
announced
two
been
have
There
_
Studints here call for world atomic control.—Page 49.
been
have
both
and
then,
since
ground
proving
Pacific
the
49.
Motfers put hope in faith.—Page
‘isemi-officially
described
as
much
more
powerful.
One
was
49.
me:
t
Ger
fails to reflect H-bomb
—_
__.__..___|set off March 1, the other last Friday.
*
pictures,
made
by
the U. S. Air Force, of Elugelab Island in Eniwetok
atoll, site of the 1952 hydrogen bomb test. Above photo
shows the location of the island, and picture below
|
shows the site after the explosion, The island has
disappeared and only a black hole remains. The water
filled crater is aboie a mile in diameter, sloping down
—
toa maximum depth of 175 feet—AP Wirephotos.
1—The test device was exploded in a “cab,” a small workshop
jammed with recording and detonating gadgets,
Egulab, at the northern rim of Eniwetok atoll,
|
2—The
today
agreed.
thejareas,”
that
only defense is to outlaw n
to use.
bomb 4 too terrible
Its Ber makes necessary
change in
complete
oT
heen
University
Merrill
INDEX
Amusements 46 Magazine
Answers
52
| Bridge©
Dick 52
Cappy
10
Carlisle
60-67
Classified
Comics 52, 53
67
Crossword
32
Editori
39
Experietce
35
59
Fashio
Film Gitide
Markets
30,
Obituaries
said.
L. Harmen,
civil defense | Dr. Daniel
physicist,
by
|poison gas, and not be used
3g
said.
either side,” Harmon
31
“It would be my earnest hope
24 |
35
Listening In 9.
|point
31
Women’s
35-37, 39
of
“Hospitals
“Detroit
view,”
said.
Molner
out.”
would be wiped
would
completely
be
,
ee!
A jury is a group of 12 peo-
e.
nc
ra
no
ig
e
ag
er
#v
of
e
pl
$s
»
1820-1903,
Eng-
Inspector
Carlos | Arbor.
That
Santos, leader of a drive against;
“It seems to me the only thing
we can do is hope and pray.”
Publie utilities gloomily pre-
(Concluded
on Page
2)
ns
3
g
the
of
area
the
of
“Hell
absolute
Bomb”
of
size
.Corp.
room
said
today
it
air conditioners
sold|
in}
ex-
H-bomb
12-MILE-RADIUS RUIN
The estimate is based on
/explosion
Alaska
Baked
CHICAGO, April 1—WP—Ad-|
1952
the
plosion pictured today.
pressed.”
H. C. L. J ackson—Page
Alaska in the first three months
JohnM.Carlisle—Page 10 of this year than it did in Jack¢
the
to
g
in
rd
co
Ac
1.
h
rc
Ma
ed
od
pl
ex
:|
ng
li
beaches has issued this ru
e,
as
le
re
on
gt
in
sh
Wa
al
ici
off
.y
/|
0n
r
he
et
wh
Chaste kissing,
s
me
ti
ur
fo
st
mo
al
s
wa
mb
bo
ne
|:
rPe
be
l
wil
,
nd
ha
or
ce
fa
the
re
mo
9
:
is
destruction
torrid kissing at Rio’s parks and
miral
wet
Police
(UP) —
dependent on outlying communities. Unfortunately, so far, most mitted
:
c
ieee
of them do not consider themBut so-called Hollywood kissselves target areas and take a ing, which is shocking when prac:
complacent attitude.
ticed in public, will be sup-
Sy
rt
lish— ao
(Map on Back Page)
find
d
worl
the
of
ers
lead
the
that
|
:
6g
e.
judg
the
ess
addr
to
up
d
stan
Pictures
ogen
hydr
ed
test
t
lates
The
were
d
woul
s
t
that
pant
emen
agre
of
his
basis
a
said
er
lawy
The
Public
t,
roi
Det
on
said
,”
d
rity
ppe
secu
and
dro
e
peac
if
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tem
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torn.
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x,
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er,
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it
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|/
to
ed
nfin
co
on—
uati
is
evac
that
land
43.
Mait
with
s,
us
ra
St
ck
Ja
36, 37
Society
od
Wo
h
rt
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e
th
s,
en
em
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.
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s
|a
ox
np
ke
ic
soluch
only
th
the
wi
y
—is
ible
da
poss
to
is
it
if
me
ho
s
hi
50-09
Sports
tion.
ward suburbs beyond Pontiac
and measles.
51
Television
|
n
An
as
r
fa
as
HOPE
s
CAL
ea
Town Talk 13
MEDI
ar
NO
n
er
st
we
d
an
—|
1.
l
ri
RIO DE JANEIRO. Ap
53 Watts
Househdd
_FORT WoR Drew Gitenreat- City and Area
when
cessed court yesterday
torney David Belew Jr. failed to
32
Hayden)
Fotocast
§ 2 Three Minutes
“There isn’t a blessed thing
Golden Years 4
a Day
= 3 | Detroit can do from a medical
Horoscope
PROFLE
director of the Detroit Council of
Churches.
“The bomb is so terrible that
it might have the same effect as
7)
Page
on
H-Bomb
Can Destroy
Dr.
executive
Lenox,
G.
from the barrier reef of the atoll, vanished. .In the
(Concluded
Wayne
and
pe
_
$—Created was the largest fireball of the more than 40 atomic
explosions set off until that time—3% miles in diameter. The heat
Many echoed the sentiments of
a|__
islet
place where it stood there was a crater 175 feet deep, a mile in
diameter, capable of containing 14 buildings the size of the Penta;
gon at Washington.
TOO TERRIBLE TO USE
rer
40
Maitland
the
island, about a half ‘mile long and a quarter mile wide
and protruding
Stunied by pictures and stories | planning, said Brig. Gen. Lester
of the 1952 H-bomb explosion—|J. Maitland, state civil] defense
‘and news that one four times as director.
“We must concentrate on
powerfil has been exploded —|
et
targ
ica]
crit
the
g
tin
cua
eva
ic|
civ
and
s
cial
offi
t
men
govern
leaders
on
eenmee
are before
and after aerial
by Revelations
cmeennameaemanagpeetnste-
Here
ND
LA
IS
ST
TE
C
FI
CI
PA
ES
AS
ER
MB
BO
HOF
FURY
City Is Rocked —
Here are some of the things the motion picture of the 1952 test
and the official narration accompanying it disclosed:
|
of the
March
an
1 bomb
See DETROIT—Page 8
ee
Marshal
by
Juin
Fired
France—Page
S
e
f.
li
Ca
o,
eg
Di
n
sonville, Fla., or Sa
21
gold—with
each side.
Funeral
Funeral
Wash.
Haley
of Seattle,
Welsh,
the
from
services
B.
R.
Mrs.
Hamilton at Puritan,
16065
Home,
Saturday, 9:30 a.m., Cathedral of the
Rosary
10 a.m.
Sacrament,
Blessed
Friday,
9
NOW...
30, at
March
SCHUELER—Emma,
Jacksonville, Fla.; wife of the late
William;
dear
mother.
of
Charles
del,
Knop,
Emil,
At
Home,
Erich
12057
A.
and
grandchildren also
Mrs. Arthur Roe-
H.
Gratiot,
day until 10 a.m.
the
late
Peters’
from
Saturday.
Funeral
noon
Fri-
In state
of services Saturday, 3
p.m.
STOUTJESDYK—John,
March 31; at
ploughten Lake, Mich.; beloved husband
of Eva;
dear father of Mrs.
Thelma
Dudy,
Mrs.
Evelyn Clyma,
Effie
Mrs.
Betty
Stoutjesdyk;
and four.
Hess;
son
10
of
PRICE
Enlarged
grandchildren
also
survive;
brother
of Mrs.
Mayme
. Millberger, Gilbert and Arthur. Funeral
A.
H.
Gratiot
services
Peters
avenue.
Saturday,
Funeral
2
p.m.,
Home,
12057
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DETROIT'S LARGEST CLOTHIER —
40, %,
Suffrin
SE
Ballet Suites (Verdi,
"Eroica’’
No. 3, |
(Moussorgsky) and "3 Nocturnes”
(Debussy)
>
Brandenburg Concertos No. 2
and 5 (Bach)
Piano Concerto No. 2 (MacDowell) and Suite from "The Incredible Flutist'" (Piston)
GRINNELL'S
ats x
1515
C
Strauss.
International Favorites—"La
loma," "Ecstasy," ete.
Richard Crooks Souvenirs
Pa-
Hail! Hail! The Gang's All Here
—barbershop harmony
Song Hits Through the Years—
|
Kenny Baker
Famous Melodies—Lew White at
the Organ
Famous Songs from Famous
Musicals
Woodward
and Branches
>
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Oe ooo
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"Capriccio Italian” (Tchaikovsky)
and "L'Arlesienne Suite No. 2’
(Bizet)
"Rite of Spring” (Stravinsky)
The Viennese Magic of Johann
OS ESSE ERS CI
Debussy Preludes: Book |
Debussy Preludes: Book Il
Richard Crooks Sings Songs of
Faith and Oratorio Arias
Mozart's Symphonies No. 26, 29
and 34
|
“Russian Easter Overture” (Rimsky-Korsakov) and "Prelude" and.
"Good Friday Spell" yaaa
kavalier" Waltzes, etc. —
Famous Overtures — "Bartered
Bride,’ "Carnaval," ete.
The Heart of the Piano Concerto
—Sanroma, pianist
FOP
Crooks
Favorite
"Capriccio Espagnol" (RimskyKorsakov) and Dances from
"Galanta" (Kodaly)
|
Organ Cameos—Lew White
Symphonic Favorites, "Marche
Slav," etc.
:
Concert Classics — ‘'Finlandia,”
"Magic Fire Music’ ete.
Light Concert Classics—''Rosen-
E RES ISS
In the Chapel — Faith Chapel
,
Choir
At the Opera with Richard
Excerpts from "Boris Godounoff" »
Maree
ers
Forecast for period ending 7:30 a. m. tomorrow. Dotted areas indicate storms,
Cold air will cover much of Coast.
Snow is expected in the 50; New Orleans, 46; San Franthe country late tonight and northern border states from the cisco, 45; Portland, Ore., 42;
early tomorrow.
One surge of Great Lakes
to Montana
and Seattle, 40; Kansas City, 39; St.
air will carry’ cold all the way mixed rain and snow showers Louis, 38; Boston, 31; Washing:
to the Gulf and mid-Florida.
in the Pacific Northwest.
ton and New York, 30; CleveIt will be mild in southern
Minimum
temperatures
to- land, Chicago, Milwaukee and
Florida*and along the Pacific night: Miami, 72; Los Angeles, Denver, 25; Duluth, 0.
arry
Con-
Delibes, Gluck) |
Beethoven's Symphony
Onc
ESE oro
PCem oe
eee
See page 6 for exciting
0
CEO
Favorite Encores—Festival
cert Orchestra
EID,
Waltz Time (American and Continental Hits)
fi Hits from “Guys and Dolls" and
George M. Cohan Favorites
Oo Beethoven's Symphonies No. 2
and 8
Ei a
'TIL EASTER
Harry Suffrin news
7 89
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Open
every night to 9
12” LONG PLAY RECORDS
a -o
at 10
ole
&. m., 26; at 9 a. m.,. 29;
a.m., 31; at 11 a m, 32.
oOo
BOTH
HARRY SUFFRIN
STORES —
a, m, 24; at 7 a, mm. 24; at 8
Peer
6
Oo
—
a
Temperatures
Ce
a
22
5:
at
ow
rr
mo
to
s
se
ri
d
an
m.
p.
t|
ec
ot
Pr
—
st
ca
re
fo
’
rs
pe
ip
Sh
~
=
m,
!a
r:
fo
s
ur
ho
36
xt
ne
r
fo
s
nt
shipme
Station
High Low
Alpena
36 18
Battle Creek 38 18
Bismarck
32 13
Brownsville
93. 58
Buffalo
36 15
Cadillac
31 15
Chicago
-_
38-24
Cincinnati
44 23
Cleveland
39 22
Denver
44 25
DETROIT
34 23
Duluth
30 17
36
24
Divided Payments to Suit You
Other Emerald Cut Diamonds......$225
at
Highest temperatures yesterday and lowest for 12 hours preceding 7:30 a.m. today:
Fort
TAKE UP TO A YEAR TO PAY
td) ta
Detroit and vicinity—Fair, not
quite so cold, low 24 to 27 tonight.
Increasing
cloudiness
and a little warmer tomorrow,
high 42 to 46. West to southwest winds 10 to 12 mph.
Lower Peninsula — Increasing in 1874.
cloudiness and not so cold toRelative humidity yesterday:
night, with light snow in north 1:30 p.m., 59; 7:30 p.m., 66; 10
portion. Considerable cloudiness a.m, today, 54...
Friday with light snow most of
Precipitation in 24 hours endnorth portion.
ing at 7:30 a.m. today, none.
Upper Peninsula — Occasional
The sun sets today at 6:57 p.m.
light snow tonight, colder to- and rises tomorrow at 6:14 a.m.
morrow.
The moon sets today at 5:03
Detail
er
west, 25.
Highest
temperature
yesterday, 34; lowest, 21.
Highest temperature one year
ago today, 45; lowest 37,
Highest temperature this date
since 1872, 75 in 1946; lowest, 14
Show
Of.ccceose
s
25;
an
|
A
south,
to
.
Mrs.
great-grandchildren
FREE PARKING, BOTH STORES
450 E. JEFFERSON * WOodward 3-7186
OPEN Monday and Thursday til 9
REDUCTION
at Salem Lutheran Church, Iroquois
at E. Forest, from 1 p.m. until time
and
green or rust.
sap
At our new
EXCISE TAX
Louis
on
.....$350.00
FORMERLY
D.m.
Boyer U.S.N.; two
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east,
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This is @ GENUINE
/
10;
MacLEAN—Blanche, of
the .Tuller
Hotel, March 21; wife of the late
um PSO PIOC, NIGMy
polished aluminum
F
North,
NOTICES
Bonus: —MILLER
JlO
—DUE
sic
TEMPERATURES
ACROSS THE U. S.
-Thursday, April 1, 1954
(0. S. Weather Bureau Forecast)
(For hourly U. S. forecast, call WE 2-1212)
say,
SS
WEATHER
DEATH
LUICyY
nena $sete"SS
“The DPW will have to move|
ds
sscieees
said.
quickly to get streets cleared so
But, he: pointed out:
rescue equipment
can get» to
“The military isn’t going to work.”
just stand by in the event of
Locating equipment—and the
attack. We have points in the skilled men needed to run it—
United States where we could will enable the DPW to move
pick up an H-bomb and knock from all sections of the city and
out the aggressor.
work toward the center of de“Their knowing this is about struction
from
all
sides,
he
as good a safeguard as any. added.
We don’t like to lull ourselves
PESS
IMIS
M
VS.
HOPE
into false security, but would
Councilman
Eugene
JI. Van
any nation dare go into H-bomb
warfare
knowing
it could be Antwerp showed himself to be a
Ff fatalist.
:
annihilated.”
“Why
bother with civil deNOT THE ONLY TARGET
fense?” he asked, “If they drop
Leonard also reminded Detroit- that bomb on us we will all be
ers that “if an air raid warning annihilated.
is sounded here, it could mean
“There are two possibilities—
only that attacking planes would go out into the country and
THE
LOLMLIVIC
ee
rate
civil defense director, to discuss
evacuation plans.
ards
&@S
of,eeonee=
iteseceteteaeteous!
batoes reeecanete
cacetacosmetenetr
rfetateetate es miosetenesnsste
ener eatetate
city
|@t©&
.
Dougherty,
DHYrigZ. power shovels and cranes,” Rich-,
tetanNta tat
E.
WIN
wrafaeetetata kaha tte
Clyde
meet
SPP,
Wilt
BAS
Gen.
ne
pets So
eaigd
ie
THE
DETROIT
NEWS—Thursday,
April
1, 195449
a
World Control of H- Bomb —
Urged by Students |
By EDWIN
To
Detroit
G. PIPP
high
should
school
and help mankind.
college. students, the H-bomb is
‘so remote and terrible that they
‘'don’t often think of it—but when
they
do,
they
want
be’ controled
something
.
- sO. ‘it will
‘
well be the first and eliminate
the: threat fo peace?
John
M.
Hoey,
3950 Bedford,
INFORMATION NEEDED
another veteran now at U. of D.,
Russell W. Palmer, 19199 Pen- said international control is imnington, another Mumford sen- possible because we can’t trust
ior, said the
World
be} ‘Russia. The only hope is to stay
should
ahead in the atomic race, he said.
information. sat
given. more
-idone,
Ann Marmaud,. 15106 Minock,
b.
H-bom
the
Their
ideas
on preventing
a U. of D. freshman, said the
“People are beginning to -real- H-bomb is a horrible weapon and
atomic war range from asking}. ize that the military can not save
should
be
controlled,
but
she
has
God's’ help to dropping an H-
us,” he said.
bomb on Russia.
Some students
prayer?
“We
must
turn to {no solution.
|
FEARFUL
OF
RIVALRY
David
ae
Price,
20100.
Pica-|
\sity
dilly, a Mumford senior, said we : Sidney P. Young, 2945 Buena
sity
must turn to God for help.
Vista, a Wayne freshman, said
have in mind international con“God has given us this great there must be controlled inter- |
‘'trol of atomic research.
force to destroy or create and
“The world’s hope is a govern- man must decide what he will national atomic research because -~
ing body that can go anywhere, do,” Price said. “God will give as long as individual nations de- anytime to make sure no one us the solution.”
|
: velop bombs they will attempt to
nation is building a stockpile of
to gain power for Herbert R. Roman, 14938 Men- use them
bombs,” said Robert C. Deuker, dota, a U. of D. student who themselves.
“Tf all the energy and money >
11995 Collingwood, a ae
soph- served 11 months with the Maomore.
rines in Korea, said we should put into efforts to adopt atomic .
energy for war had been used
use
the
H-bomb
now
|
against
WORK FOR PEACE
to develop peacetime uses the
Russia.
“We must have a single interworld would be much better off,”
Sag
at the Univerof Detroit, Wayne Univerand Mumford High School
“NO HOPE
OF CONTROL
he said.
national group doing all re
“There is no hope of controlJohn
E.
Wynne
,
4803
Haverh
ill,
=
search on atomic energy and it). ing it,” he said. “It will be used
a Wayne
sophomore
who
should
work
toward peacetime
use of the atom rather than big-|"
ger bombs,” he said.
Nanette Gurizzian, 18235 Pine.
hurst,
another
Wayne
sophomore,
said
she
believes
the
H-bomb is so powerful that countries will hesitate about using it
and eventually the world will}
join in research for ‘peacetime
atomic
use.
Terry M. Lynch, 1405 Devon-
shire, Grosse Pointe, a U. of D.
| junior, said that unless atomic
)
energy™is
controlled,. the
next
war will be the last because
will destroy the world.
it
SHOULD BE OUTLAWED
“Atomic bombs should be out-
should be a
that will as-
lawed and there
worldwide control
sure
that
no
bombs,” he said.
nation
,
can
build
William G. Fitzpatric, 16895
‘Lawton, U. of D, freshman, said
he considers international control impossible.
“The Communists and the free
build
to
continue
will
world
H-bombs, but won’t use them be-
cause they know what the results
would be,” he said. ‘““‘The H-bomb
might be the solution to world
peace because it will make wars
so horrible no ,one will Belt
them.”
‘Lois
Raisin, 44501
Mumford
senior, said
Vassar,
ee
should try to impr¢ ve the wo:
pate devices
BS “Bey 1 $joied
:
sooner
or later and we might
nena
as enrolled
ee
"| program,
in the Air
said
that
Force
as
ROTC
long
as
the United States stays ahead in the arms race we don’t’ have
©
to worry about war.
MAY
Wynne,
FLY
BOMBER
who said he is going
to apply for pilot training in the ~
Air Force and some day may fly
an atomic bomber, said we. can- .
not outlaw the H-bomb because
it is the weapon — that makes
‘us equal to the Communists’
‘great. manpower.
| Patricia
‘Lieberman,
18411
Northlawn, a Mumford student, —
said
the
H-bomb
creates
and we never can have
peace
fear
by
building up fear. She wants controlled
research
to help
all
nations.
Sharon Cohn, 16853 Pinehurst,
said. we
a Mumford = senior,
should all work as individuals
to do away with war and. direct
energy ‘toward —
the scientists’
peacetime use of atomic energy, |
SHOULD BE TOLD
‘| Charles D. Brown, 8949 Whit- :
comb, a Wayne
sophomore,
said |
people should be told more about —
the H-bomb because it is so hortirible that when the world knows
about its power, there will be-|enough pressure to control] it.
Louis sen
18665 ‘Muirland, 4
a
=
THE NEW YORK TIMES,
» NEW WORLD STAND
| PROPOSFOER DU. $
{Kennan
and
Urges
Focus
Share
End
aia
on
caring for freedom thrill to this,
and success will ensue, he adde.
The “incredibly complex and
baffling” situation in Indo-China,
Mr. Kenan said, represents 80 per
cent o fthe immediate problem
of indigenous Communist threats
of Fear
one
“We are now in it up to the
hilt,” he added. “The time has
passed when any backseat driv-
That
Our Traditions
ing can do any good. Our Government is obviously making a concentrated and determined effort
By PETER KIHSS to deal with the problem, We can
Special to The New York Times.
only wish them well and give them
|
PRINCETON, N. J ., March 31 our confidence and support.”
_\—George F. Kennan, former
di- Maintaining ‘Stature of Nation’
_jvector of the State Department
’s
O
n
th
policy planning
e general problem of com-|.
staff, pictured
tonight the nation’s “most fright munism in Asia, Mr. Kennan re- gar
ded military aggression as one|:
ening” problem asa readiness t
o of
th
e
Sacrifice
le
ss
likely possibilities, The|
traditional
values. to
fears of communism. He deplore difficulty, he
sa
id
,
‘stemmed
d
snooping and efforts to ward off largely
from
“profound
and
Wholly | legitimate
the impact of ideas, ieee
indigenous
In an increasingly interdepend- conditions,” involving great emoent world, Mr. Kennan set the tional and not rational forces.
Asserting that many
United States’ goal as “the ultiA
s
i
a
n
s
Be
gs
gl
ae
ss
,
mate merging of its social and
n
a
J
v
e
:
‘a
:
Seg
tens
American pdaotmhionlaotgiiocna,l Mfre.ar” Ken-of|
| a
ee
eee
eee
n
a
n
h
e
l
d
t
h
a
t
d
e
l
u
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
w
i
t
h
zs
|
eae
.|words and official visitors could
%
But, in the. last of four Stat- he argue
d for winning respect by
[o k
ord
and circumstances,” O' |be “downright harmful.” Instead
Little
lectures
at Princeton
showing
seriousness
@: University, Mr. Kennan said this belief
:
ble
# must
= home.
@ more
be preceded
He
called
foreign
by changes
for
goods,
at/#2e!
accepting|
in
ness
o
u
r
s
e
l
v
e
s
of
a
n
d
approach.
:
|
Mr. eo,
services,|Protectionism
= travel and immigration; develop- a
¢ ing more control over domestic het 3
@ natural
L
resources and stability in : au
of
aie
.
called
PHEDOER,
a
|:
yt.
wpreseacaed |
“a ridiculous and
SS
aa
for ita
: oo aes ;
er of our ability {
@ trade for foreign raw materials, i
o
e
+
O
R
a
e
cree ’
@ and setting up better examples We wae ae
w
ith any nation a
@ in municipal and regional plance
@E\pirnogblemfsor,
urban and
ee
industrial], He
» 4° th
et
d
e
p
l
o
r
e
d
w
h
a
t
h
e
c
a
l
l
e
d
e Suggestion, implicit in our
| Most of all, he called for re-|Present immigration
l
aws, that
@ covering “our inner equilibrium” /OUr national
sec
|
|
@
|
@
@Bs
u
r
i
t
y
is
g
o
i
n
g to
instead of reacting to “the rel-|b€ Shaken if the Dea
n
of Canteratively minor and almost routine|PUTY or s
o
m
e
l
i
b
e
r
a
l
E
u
r
o
p
ean
problems presented for us by the i
o
u
r
s
h
o
r
e
s
,
or if
|phenomenon of external penetra- oa,
P
r
e
s
p
i
e
ywrient -_
tion and subversion in our ife”|tends a cultur
a
l
‘
c
(bvayl losing confidence in our own| Brussels.” Such timidityo,ngrheess saidi,y
ues
7
@ | Resistance
||
se
_
to Herd
Impulses |
is
“not
|society.”
Mr.
“This is not just a question ofjW
hich
ithe spectacle
of a few men
set- nation’s
the
mark
Kennan’s
previously
foreign
of a
four
||
@
=|
=
policy
and
the
dis-
and the
ing| Soviet orbit, are to be published
to the uncertain, suspicious little| 2S a bo
o
k
t
h
i
s
fa
ll
b
y
savage that lies at the bottom o ton University Press, the Princealmost every humand breast,”|
e
Pa
r
:
he said..
|
ae Urged
“It
is
more
importantly
the
# Spectacle of millions of our citi@ (zens listening eagerly to these
% | suggestions and then trotting off
= |faithfully ang
s\victims
of
g|brain-washing,
anxiously,
some
to
like the
totalitarian
snoop
and
= | check up on their fellow citizens,
~|to
purge
s|lecture
the libraries
platforms,
and the
to protect
@ | all from the impact of ideas.”
@|
lectures,
described
| litical success by appealing to/Commun
i
s
t
countries
@ | primitive reactions, by appeal
@
3
strong
When
#/ selves”
us
“we make foolg of our,
in
our
own affairs and
@ dismay our friends, this inspires
NEW
YORK,
April
T—UP)—)
a
radioactive
cloud
320 times
The most deadly weapon yet con-| More powerful than radium. The|
dl
ia
et
cloud, carried
b
y
p
r
evailing
celved by man which could an- winds, could trav
el thousands of
nihilate all life on earth
can
|
now be made successfully, a dis-
patch in the
Said today,
New
|
York
Times
miles, destroying all life in its
7
|
path.
:
WHAT COULD BE DONE
Prof, Harrison Brown, nuclear
The cobalt bomb—a hydrogen| chemist at the Califo
rn
ia
In
st
ibomb encase: d in a cobalt shell— tute of Technol
ogy, said if a
passed from the realm of the!cobalt bomb were set
of
f
1,
00
0
theoretical du
hydrogen
ring
the
recent|miles
blasts at the Eniwetok
west
of
radioactive
dust
California
would
“the
reach
roving grounds in the Pacific, California in about a
d
a
y
a
n
d
_ New York Times science writer|New York in
four or five days, |
William L., Lawrence said in a killing most life as
it
t
r
a
v
e
r
s
e
s
two-column story in the Times. | the continent,” ac
cording to the]
The story said the explosion Times,
|
\ =
‘cobalt
produce!
“Similarly,” the Times quoted
SSicabelt domi
|
'
would,
produee
Brown,
“the
Western [powers
could
explode hydrogen-cobalt
bombs .on
a north-south line
about the longitude of Prague
that
would. destroy
all
life|
within a strip 1,500 miles wide,
extending
from
Leningrad to
Odessa, and
3,000 miles deep
from Prague to the Ural Mountains.
:
“Such an attack would produce
a ‘scorched earth’ unprecedented
In history,” Brown told the newspapers,
NOTHING EXCLUSIVE
The recent hydrogen tests at
Eniwetok virtually proved that
the cobalt bomb can be made by
~
any power which
hydrogen bomb,
can
cobalt vaporizes
formed
into the
and is
deadly
make the
ee
The cobalt bomb, simply stated,
as a hydrogen bomb encased in
‘cobalt instead of steel.
When
(the cobalt bomb is detonated the
activé cloud.
|
transradio-
op
Prof. Leo Szilard of the’ University of Chicago told the Times
that 400 one-ton cobalt
would
release enough
bombs
radio-
activity to extinguish all life on
earth.
Ae
|
_. The newspaper concluded that
the nature of the weapon itself
precluded testing it anywhere in
the world, but that the Eniwetok
hydrogen tests make such tests
unnecessary for the two weapons
are the same except for the outer
casing,
3
adic atidltulaei nal aida
earns aaa
K
—
Sa aS
t
l
a
b
Co iller
VsieWworld
a
Bomb
‘THE
rhe Gallup Poll A
bes
WASHI
be
Y-f3-S7
l'hreat of War Considered»
Nation’s Major Problem
By George Gallup
Director,
¥
American
Institute
Public Opinion.
of
PRINCETON; N. J., April 12.
The possibility of another war,
communism
in
the
United
States and unemployment are
the
three most important prob‘lems facing the country today,
judgirs by a national opinion
‘survey by the American Insti-'
tute of Public Opinion.
held top place over all other
questions as the Nation’s No. 1
problem.
lows:
For those interested in historical parallels,
there
is a
Today’s
survey
finds
that
there are differences of opinion
between Democrats and Republicans as to the importance of
problems facing the country.
Republicans: give more
im| The high cost of living, work-. portance than the Democrats
‘ing out world peace and for-, to the possibility of war and
eign policy problems rank next to the. danger of communism
in priority in public thinking, and what it might do to the
United States.
the survey finds.
Among
Democratic
voters,
Interviewing in the survey
was
completed
before
Presi- there is greater concern over
jdent
Eisenhower’s
Monday unemployment than among Re-}
J pigte
TV-radio
address
in publicans.,
The
followtiig
tables
show
which he appealed to Ameri‘cans “not to develop the _ jit- the leading problems named by
| ters or any kind of panic” the Republicans and Democrats
‘and “not to fall prey to hyster- questioned in the survey:
‘ical thinking.”
RE
PU
BL
IC
AN
S
Acknowledging that the fear
1.
Pos
sib
ili
ty
of
war
...
...
21%
of Communist
infiltration
in’
2.
Com
mun
ism
in
U.
S..
..2
9
this
country
does. exist, the
3.
Hig
h
cost
of
liv
ing
...
..
a
.
President
said Atforney Gen4.
Une
mpl
oym
ent
...
...
..
11
‘eral Brewnell
would
give
a
9.
Wor
kin
g
out
a
pea
ce.
.
10
complete
account of the job)
the FBI has been doing about
DEMOCRATS
:
this in a speech tonight.
1. Unemployment
........ 20%
Voters were asked:
'@ Possibility of war......16
“What do you. think is the) 3. High cost of living Dea. 14
most important problem facing 4, Communism in U. S.....14
this country today?”
5. Working out a peace. . 2
The results today are as foloe
ES
%
Threat of war, war in Asia,
dealing with Russia
18%
Communism in the United
States
Unemployment
High cost of living, taxes,
economic
problems.. i418
Working out world peace. a
Foreign policy problems.. 6
Pee
H-bomb,
OR
Re
OO Rie
national
OR
we Bs We)
8
defense
Depression, recession
Cost of government
Labor-management
probOHS ge
OS,
Crime,
juvenile
Tse
Oe,
delinquen-
6
6.
2
OF
a hee
2
MeCarthvyism ©... .6. 060.4. « z
........... 9
Miscellaneous
No
opinion Se (NMED ce
5
114%
more
named
voters
Some
than one problem—hence the
table
adds
to more than
100
percent.
are
‘miscellaneous”
Under
political problems, farm. problems, need for more religious
faith, civil
problems.
Last
year,
rights
|
and
the. Korean
other
gloomy similarity between the
outcome of today’s survey and
the outcome
of the: same
sur-
vey conducted five years ago
and also 15 years ago.
In October, 1949, the institute
reported
that
“keeping
out of war is the No. 1 problem
facing the Nation today, in the
opinion of voters questioned. in
an institute survey. Unemployment was named next in importance and the high cost of,
living third.”
The United
States entered
the Korean war eight ‘months
later.
Fifteen years ago, in May,
1939, an institute release began:
“For the first time
in
more
than
three
years, . the
considers
American
average
that the problem of keeping
America out of war is the most
immediate and critical problem
before this country —no_ less
important than the peas of
unemployment.”
World
War
war ‘months sept
II. started
four
a
ee
ey
ES
-
eee
The New York Times Magazine
=
|
&
2
j
%
2
At Oak
Ridge—“Because
of his aptitude
for experimentation
and
mathematical
reasoning the scientist seems to stand
apart from the rest of humanity.”
X-Ray of the Scientific Mind
Its components are objectivity, curiosity, skepticism.
But the scientist does not
necessarily apply these qualities with brilliance outside his own field.
By
WALDEMAR
1:
a
remarkable
KAEMPFFERT
passage
of
his
re-
View of his life, Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, referring to the time
when he was a Professor of Theoretical
Physics in California, wrote:
“I was
not interested in and did not read about
economics and politics.
I was almost
wholly divorced from the contemporary
scene
in
this
country.”
He
knew
nothing of the stock-market crash of
1929 until long after it occurred,
never
read a newspaper, never voted until the
Presidential election of 1936,
So engrossed was he in his scientific work
that he had “no understanding of the
relations of man to society.”
5
Here was a man who had spun a
cocoon around his mind.
But not for
long.
When
he began to apply his
knowledge to the development of an
atomic bomb for the Government he
WALDEMAR KAEMPFFERT, Times science
editor, writes the column “Science in Review.”
APRIL
25,
1954
broke through into the light of the
outer world.
The important part that
he played
in framing
the AchesonLilienthal report, out of which grew
the Baruch proposal for the control of
atomic energy, testifies to a perfect
awareness
of what the. uncontrolled
military utilization of atomic energy
meant to civilization.
From a babe in the woods in the
early years of his California professorship he was transformed into a humanitarian scientist who had the welfare of
mankind
so much at heart that his
social] and moral scruples were factors
in determining the course that he fol-
lowed in attempting to settle the problems presented by the hydrogen bomb.
The
Oppenheimer
who
wrote
some
brilliant
articles
for
the
Bulletin
of.
Atomie Scientists, Foreign Affairs and
other periodicals was certainly no political innocent likely *» fall an easy prey
to the blandieh
* Cabinet Min-
isters, Congressmen—or
Communists.
Yet Oppenheimer’s self-isolation and
his analysis of himself raise old. questions.
Are scientists different from the
rest of humanity
in their mode
of
thinking?
In short, is there a “scientific mind’?
Bolsheviks
had
torn up streets and
stopped street cars.
Josiah Willard Gibbs, the greatest
scientist this country ever produced,
lived and died in New Haven, an obscure professor who shut himself from
He
the outer world in his later years,
there is a “scientific mind,” is selfI.
isolation one of its necessities?
Henry
Cavendish, an aristocratic recluse after
Civil War, nor did he care whether his
monumental work, “‘On the Equilibrium
of
Heterogeneous
Substances,”
was
transiated into German
-er_not.
He
whom
the Cavendish
Laboratory
of
Cambridge University is named
and
one of the greatest chemists and physicists of the late eighteenth and early
nineteenth centuries, talked only of science and even had his food passed to
him by a servant who was not allowed
to enter his room. Pavlov knew nothing of the events that led to the Russian
Revolution nor of the revolution itself
until an assistant excused himself for
being late at the laboratory because the
was
not moved
by
the
issues
never
married,
worked
lived and died within a
yards
of
the
house
in
of the
alone,
and
few hundred
which
he
was
born.
On every university campus taies are
told of professorial absent-mindedness
and absorption in matters seemingly
unrelated to this world.
But for every
scientist
who
walks
along
thought,
oblivious
of
there are a dozen who
guishable in (Continued
in abstract
automobiles,
are indistinon Page 54)
7
Psychological Warfare Steps Up
ANTI-COMMUNIST—The United States Information Service poster above, that of a man
newly freed from his chains and pulling down the Soviet hammer and sickle, is an effort to keep
alive the flame of revolt in Eastern Germany.
17, 1953, when two
It commemorates June
Berliners
struggle
against
to sabotage
remilitarization.”
It is an
obvious
incitement
to citizens
the military efforts of the Allies,.particularly sponsored
of Western
by the
United
Germany
States.
ee RTM Ba
RI
AS
scaled the Brandenburg Gate, hauled down the Soviet flag and replaced it with a German banner.
COMMUNIST—This Communist poster symbolically depicts militant workers throwing a United
States tank over a cliff into the: sea. Its slogan reads: “Action unity of the working class in the
Sport
Cinema
i
Teatro
Keligione
Arte
Scienze
Cultura
Fa
_, a
+i ashes
Y
L
A
T
I
N
6UI
ANTI-COMMUNIST—The message of this booklet, “Current
Events,” which was distributed by an Italian labor organization, is twofold: On the one hand, it emphasizes the part
United States aid played in Italy’s post-war recovery. On
the other, it depicts some of the darker sides of communism.
8
COMMUNIST—This poster, complete with smiling girl
farm worker and harvest, is an advertisement for the
magazine “Soviet Reality,” in which Russia is depicted as
an earthly paradise and an example of a social and
economic system Italians would do well to adopt.
/
ANTI-COMMUNIST—A
principal propaganda
theme
France is that the French Communist party is no more than
mouthpiece of Moscow. Here French Red leader Jacques Du
plays an accordion with a bellows made of Communist pub!
tions. The caption: “Words by Duclos, Music by Malenk
THE
NEW
YORK
TIMES
MAGAZINE
PRIL
25, 1954,
Washington
|
“Billions for Defense,. but—”
In
{Seience, Education and the
Arts of Peace
ee
tee ee nee ae ent
a ee
By JAMES RESTON
WASHINGTON, April 24—Whatever happens to Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, he has given the educators
and
officials
think about.
_ Though
he
of
America
plenty
was. intelligent
to)
enough
to take a degree at Harvard in three,
years, and head the most successful
laboratory in his field, he reported to
the Atomic Energy Commission’s Security Board last week:
|
“I was not interested in and did not
|read about economics and politics.
* *.* T was interested in- my science;
but I had-no understanding of the relations of man to his society.”
While this was going into the record of Dr, Oppenheimer’s security
hearing in Washington this week, the
fifty-first annual convention of the
National Catholic Educational Association was hearing a related theme—
namely, that the trend toward specialized education was continuing in
America and that the superior stu-
dents of this country were turning
away more and more from. the liberal
arts and humanities toward science
and technical subjects.
The
same
trend
is ‘proceeding
in
Washington. The Congress:votes will-
ingly for an Air Force Academy, but.
the
suggestions
for a ood
Academy to train men. in the arts, o
avoiding war never even come te
debate.
oe
- The military: Biidieet for: this fiscal
year is $34,371,541,000, but the allocation for education in the armed forces
has been cut.
Similarly, the Foreign
Service Institute, which provides language training and special area studies for men in the Foreign Service,
has been reduced by one-third in the
last year, and the recruiting of new
men to take the place of the physical
and psychological casualties of. Washington’s relentless political war has
—
virtually ceased.
|
short, the emphasis is still on
the building of physical power a
nd
the development of scientific tech
niques—both of which are essential
—
but without corresponding emphasis
on the mobilization and training of
men and women who can bring these
techniques under control,
.
The basic assumption of United
States foreign policy now is that the
power in the hands of the two great
antagonists of the world—the. United
States-and the U.S.S:R.—is
so ter-
rible that neither side -:will dare to!
resort to a world war. Peace, in short
,
rests primarily on a foundation of
.
mutual terror, and Secretary of Sta
te
Dulles sincerely believes that if the,
| free world has the will and the power
to fight a major. war, if necessary, it
; Will never have to do it.
—
There: is a great deal of historical,
justification for thig assumption, but,
Prof. Quincy Wright of Chicago was
in Washington this week and, as the
leading student of man’s fatal tend;ency to go to war, he is a-reminder
; that nations do not necessarily stop
fighting as their’ power ane knowledge
increase.
~
e
The Indo-Chinese war has been go-
ing on since 1946. The agony of war
and rebellion in China, beginning in
‘1917, is still in progress, and, while
the fighting in Korea ended last year
with 1,467;119 casualties, the hopes
for a dependable peace in. the forthcoming: Geneva conference
are not
good.
Since 1896 there has’ scarcely been
& year
without
war,
armed revolt or
some barbaric pogrom. As Professor
Wright notes in “A. Study of War”
(University of Chicago Press), the
European Powers alone fought seventy-four wars in the first thirty |
syears. of this century. These lasted
an average of four years, a record not
approached by man. since’ the bees
century.
He eitiviates that from the eet of
the eleventh to the twentieth century
the - war
casualties
of the
world
totaled. about 18, 000, 000, while the
casualty list in each of the two
world wars of this. century (still far.
from
complete)
was
considerably |
greater.
In other words, “the most
enlightened generation”
hasea record.
far worse than Sat, Se: the Paros
800 years.
ed
she
i
Yreanwiie the onpene mers
‘produced a weapon 600-700 times. as
powerful as the atom bomb. that
ended the Second World War but
killed 60,000 persons: at Hiroshima.
They have made possible with their
vast
technical
knowledge
the policy
of mutual terror, and they have been
summoned into the highest councils
of the Government to advise not only
on scientific
but
also
on
political
questions, but they have not yet found
‘the answer to the disturbingly unscientific. neat ioe. of how to prevent
War.
It is, in short the philosoblers whe
are still asking the right questions.
“The enemies that threaten us,” said
Dr. Raymond B. Fosdick
after the
last war, “are of our own. creation;
they are the techniques which we our-
selves have perfected and which we
have allowed to be perverted. to: unworthy ends.
‘
“How do we bring these techniques
{under
social. control?
How
do
we
keep them from ‘making a mockery of
all we have hoped or dreamed of
good?” .
|
The genius of science has given us
time to answer these questions, but it
hasn’t answered them, and they will
| be facing Mr. Dulles: when he returns
from
—?
have
j
|
.
n
o
i
t
c
e
p
s
n
i
strict
y
r
t
p
u
e
v
i
g
d
l
u
We sho
e
e
r
g
a
n
a
h
c
a
e
r
o
ing t
.
r
e
h
t
e
g
o
t
l
a
_ ment
S
e
>
.
.
n
o
i
n
i
p
o
No
|
i
f
100%|
THI
wT)
MORSE
3
AS
|
NN (.
A
W
‘|Dules of eae support in Asia] greeted with. prolonged applause
(). P. _|by his “fumbling, bungling pol-|and cheering. |
_licy,” of losing India, of losing|. Walter P, ‘Reuther, president. of|
P ARTY’ “international
policy Prestige,” the Congress of Industrial Organ-|
AR
.
Senator Tells Clothing Union
and of losing face,
3",
Sees. ‘Growing Danger’
_
9
jizations, told the. -convention. that
_|development, , of. the hydrogen-
“The fact is,” he. continued,|Pomb
'|“the hour has
h
had created
ated
come to analyze)!” the world.
a moral vacuum
Only Democratic Congress |t;, Dulles policy, because if we task’ | ipmetiea and it, e ie
Can Halt the Trend
_|do not, there is a growing danger) cause we are the strongess of the
N V T: $-J305 Y
_|that
Am
3
Bes,
fathers
By STANLEY LEVEY
mothers
are going to see
and free nations of the world, to find
ship-| a way to
provide
the kind
of
loads of American coffins arrive|P0Sitive leadership that will fill
Special to The New York Times.
ee
ee
- Senator Wayne
erican
at
American
ports
draped
with this moral vacuum with positive
a
i aamerican flags back from Tado- Pee
accused China,
ae
fell the. this moral
Morse
the Republican party today of}
“And Iam satisfied ‘that once tive. valves Be Te cet
“fast becoming a war party”|the American people come to f
ear and hatred and hysteria, and
under the leadership of President|Understand this situation, they| they will create the kind of world,
Eisenhower, Secretary of State|Will, by overwhelming majority, climate that will make war
inJohn Foster Dul
les
and
Admiral
make
clear
to
the. Eisenhower
evitable.”
Arthur E, Radford, Chairman of|4dminstration they Bias nO! Other speakers today included
the Joint Chiefs of Staff.‘
|¢ffins from Indo-China.” _
Emi
l
Rie
ve,
pre
sid
ent
of
the
Tex
_ The Oregon independent, who|,
Since the Hisenhower Adminis- tile Workers Union of America,
bolted the Republicans in 1952/tration assumed office in 1953,/G 7 o.- Lester Grange
r,
exe
cuto support
Adlai E. Stevenson,/Senator Morse has had a record tive director of
the
Na
ti
onal
the Democrat, said this drive to-|of disagreement with his old Urba
n League, and Hyman Blumward war could be checked by|Party and its leaders. But he berg, executive
vice president of
only by the election of a Demo-|said yesterday this was
the first the Amalgamated
cratic Congress in November.
time he haq ever charged it with
“Then,” he told 1,500 delegates| being a war party.
to rs
vention
Clothing
C. I. O.,
ea
o
‘F
or
me
r
Pr
es
id
en
t
Ha
rr
y
S.
anniversary con-|
Senator Morse asserted that T ruma
n
wi
ll
ad
dr
es
s the delee
Amalgamatedjonce national policy
was deter-
Workers
of
“Eisenhower
to sit down
with
Clothing Work-
America,|/mined, he
will
have President,
the committees): may
would Sinoke
“no
be. ” But
matter
he
who
stressed
the et
he
that
of the Congress and conduct ajuntil that policy was made clear,
bipartisan foreign policy, andjhe felt free to fight it.
you
will never get it in any other
Reuther Cites Task
way because this Administration
has shown by act after act that};
In
addition
to
calling
the
it has no intention of conducting|Eisenhower Administration proa bipartisan foreign policy.”
war, Senator Morse also termed
The Senaotr
i Sornetney a anti-labor. This assertion was
8
Laban
es
.
y
i
Ma
Fuj
nd o
Billr
s Voted
By WILLIAM
S. WHITE
Special to The New York Times,
e
WASHINGTON, June 30—The|'
House
proved
the
and
of Representatives
ap-|'
today a continuation of
Mutual
authorized
Security
Program
$3,368,608,000
to
do the job in the fiscal year
opening tomorrow. The vote was
260 to 125,
:
It was a significant victory for
the Eisenhower Administration
in that the amount authorized
was only $109,000,000 less than
the President originally had requested. The relatively small cut,
made earlier by the House, affected two categories of direct
military
assistance
to
Western
Europe and the Pacific area.
_ The traditionally internationalist Democrats
gave
President
Hisenhower greater support than
did the Republicans, The division
on the final vote was:
For the bill, 141 Democrats,
118 Republicans and one Independent, Representative Frazier
Reams of Ohio. Against the bill,
78 Republicans, and 47 Democrats.
:
As the House acted swiftly to
{send the issue to the Senate,
the second and final session of
the Highty-third Congress was
moving with gathering momentu toward an election year ad-
journment by or near to July 31.
_
During the day, all the routine
governmental
appropriations
bills, running to a total of $42,672,000,000, were jammed through
to final passage, a feat that had
jnot been achieved by any Congress since the Hightieth Republican Congress in the years 1946148,
The money appropriations for
foreign aid and several lesser ac_jtivities, including military con{struction projects, are yet to be
_jintroduced in separate bills,
It remains for the foreign aid
program to be authorized by the
Senate, then both chambers must
start afresh to pass appropriatoins as distinguished from authorization bills... >.
The bill passed by the House
contained. several
restrictions,
none of which had been strongly.
resisted by the Administration..
One was a declaration that,
when also accepted by the Senate,
would amount to an expresgion|iof a Congressional view that the|‘
United States should adamantly
oppose British suggestions for
Asian
non-aggression
pact
which the Communists would
eligible,
This was done by the House
an|s
tola
beli:
in|
Continued on Page 4, Column 6 | ¢
7aes ee
AAVOPE Ow
MURRAY PROPOSES
A WORLD AUDIENCE:
NEE H-BOMB BLAST
$s"
ft-s 3g
NY
A. E. C. Member Says Public
Test at Eniwetok Would
Help Promote Peace
REVEALS
SECRET
MAJOR
Other Commissioners Rebuke}
Him as He Discloses Here
How Weapon Is Fired
Text of Mr. Murray’s address
is printed on Page
12.
By WILLIAM L. LAURENCE
Thomas E. Murray, a member
is
mm
Co
gy
er
En
ic
om
At
e
th
of
sion, proposed last night that
et
me
a
ll
ca
es
at
St
ed
it
Un
the
ing at the “Atomic
Eniwetok—and
a large
there
Summit’”—
thermonuclear
“detonate
[hydro-
ce
en
di
au
an
re
fo
be
on
ap
we
gen]
s
le
op
pe
e
th
l
al
of
ve
ti
ta
en
es
repr
of the world.”
Such an event, he said, might
outrank al] previous dramatic
events in history, “because the
earthly destinies of mankind are
bound up with the whole meaning of the event.”
The purpose of the meeting,
he explained, would be to get
the leaders of the nations of the
world, Communit and free, to
realize
the
The
the
dangers
inherent
in
advent of nuclear power.
more serious danger, he
pointed out, is not that the Unit-
r
ea
cl
nu
d
pe
lo
ve
de
s
ha
es
at
St
ed
weapons capable of destroying)
all] human life, but that people
here and abroad do not fully
realize the significance and potential effects of that power.
Rebuked by Colleagues
In Washington, the-four other
members of the commission re-,
buked Mr. Murray last night, |
disclosing that the commission
had rejected some months ago
Mr. Murray’s proposal to invite
foreign observers, including Rus-
sians, to witness a nuclear test.)
of the
The other members
commission also, by implication,
comMurray’s
criticized Mr.
ments concerning secrecy on nuclear matters. They said that the
declassified non-military information relating to atomic energy
while intensifying security in
vital defense areas.
Mr. Murray is the only member of the commission who was
appointed by former President
Harry S. Truman.
Commissioner Murray was the
_ principal speaker at the fiftieth
anniversary dinner of the Fordham University Law School at
the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, His
Things the
topic was “Some
World Should Know About HBombs.” The occasion was the
highlight of the Golden Jubilee
of the law school, which was
dedicated to the theme, ‘Free-
dom, Responsibility and the Law.”
In the course of his address,
Mr,
Murray
made
it clear that
fusion
the so-called hydrogen
bomb is actually a very large
fission bomb, This marked the
first time that any one with inti-|
mate knowledge of the secrets
of the hydrogen bomb has revealed one of its major secrets,
the principal source from which
the island-destroying, apocalyptic weapon draws its explosive
7
power.
This source, Mr. Murray made
Continued on Page 13, Column 1
f
iE NEW
%
YORK
TIMES,
FRIDAY,
“MURRAY REBUKED
ON H-BOMB PLAN
¥
S
E
>
14 A.E.C. ‘actinicCondemn
Proposal for Test Blast to
Exhibit U. S. Power
r
‘
_NOVEMBER 18,
Sa
[Libby, Dr. John von Neuman
‘Harold S. Vance,
Ro
and
The text follows:
The
about
tion
remarks
security
are
conso-
by the recent Conference
in
Geneva on the Peaceful Uses of
Atomic Energy initiated by the
commission. We
have
progres-
The four commissioners dis- | Servers, to witness tests of nuclear
weapon
s in the Pacific.
closed that the commission forThe.
commi
ssion
has
never
mally had rejected somé months
change
d
its
positio
n
on
this
ago Mr, Murray’s proposal that
matter, Mr. Murray’ s proposal
including
observers,
foreign
Russians, be invited to witness
a test of nuclear weapons.
Their statement also implied
criticism of Mr. Murray’s
reeect
matters and his discussion of the
fallout
radioactive
of
effects
from atomic
mans,
explosion
The statement
the Commission
on
hu-
was issued by
after almost
day-long discussions by the four
It was unusual, bemembers.
cause the members never had
taken such formal recognition
Mr.
by
remarks
of similar
Murray.
It disclosed that the breach
be*xreen Mr. Murray and other
members continued, particularly
with Lewis L, Strauss, commission chairman, Mr. Murray and
Mr. Strauss have differed publicly repeatedly before Congressional groups.
Text of the Statement
The statement was issued by
‘Mr.
Strauss,
Dr. Frank
a
Willard
—_—
Gi
-"It should
be noted that Rus-
sian and other foreign observers
were
invite
d:
to
the
tests
at
nant with the views of the comission, This was demonstrated | Bikini in 1946 where they wit-|
sively declassified nonemilitary
information relating to atomic
| energy while intensifying secuSpecial to The New York Times.
rity
in
vital
defen
se
areas.
Nov. 17—
WASHINGTON,
The
recommendation
which
members. of the Atomic Mr. Murray makes
Four
as the major
Energy ‘Commission © rebuked themée of his address is one
their fellow member, Thomas E. which he has long advocated. A
Murray, tonight for his proposal number of months ago the comfor “a declaration of American mission by formal action rejecta hydrogen
through
ed Commissioner Mutray’s mopower”
world tion to invite foreign observers,
before
explosion
bomb
among
them
Communist
ob:
leaders.
marks about secrecy on nuclear
therefore is contrary to the best
judgment of the Atomic Energy
tT Commission.
by Mr. Murray
and classifica-
of information
1955.
mamma
ma
|nessed atomic explosions of pre| viously unimaginable destructive
\force.. This demonstration, howjever, did not persuade the ‘Soviet
Government of the need to join
With us and other nations in an
effectivé system for the international control of atomic energy
in all its forms. On the contrary,’
it appears to have spurred them
in their nuclear weapons pro-
gram, a fact which is underlined
by the recent series of test éxplosions in Soviet territory.
Commission tests in the Pacii@ have never been designed as
2 “s"@w of force,” but aré solély
or tne development of weapons
lecessary for the defense of the
Tée world.
;
~
t
THE NEW YO!
YORK
TIMES,
eee
ape
| eee
_FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 18,
ee
1955.
‘Text
xtof’ Thomas E. Murray’s Talk on H-BombatFordham Law school Dinner
The
text
of
the
address
by
Thomas EH. Murray, member of
the United States Atomic Energy Commission, at the Golden
Jubilee dinner of the Fordham
Law
School
at the WaldorfAstoria Hotel last night follows:
- A major purpose of these remarks is to make a proposal
that has long been one of my
principal
objectives
as
an
Atomic Energy Commissioner.
The proposal itself may strike
some of you as rather dramatic,
but the premise of the proposal
is coldly factual.
‘This factual premise is the
present possession by man of
a new kind of power. Since the
turn of the century, scientists
have
progressively
penetrated
the secrets of nuclear energy.
More recently, technology has
succeeded in releasing this en-
ergy on a tremendous scale. To
a much more limited degree, it
has also succeeded in harnessing it. Man’s knowledge of this
new power and his ability to
use it are no more than rudimentary at the moment. But
technical progress is going on
with a rapidity that is breathtaking.
Anything one might say about
this new technological development would inevitably be an
understatement. All the revolutionary changes brought about
by the Industrial Revolution
pale almost into insignificance .
before
opened
the visions
by
the
of the future
Nuclear
Revo-
lution. The trouble is that these
visions are not all lightsome.
The future is bright with prom-
ise, It is also dark with danger.
I choose tonight to speak of
the dangers intrinsic to man’s
possession of nuclear power, I
would prefer the more pleasant
topic now called ‘‘Atoms for
Peace.’’ But I remind myself,
and you, that the essential con-.
dition for the peaceful use of
the atom is-weace. And peace
has not yet been achieved. Over
eur age, there still hangs the
fateful unresolved dilemna: will
it be war or peace? The process
of trying to make peace goes
on—precariously, perilously. But
all along the lengthy and tortuous path to peace, nations
will constantly meet the temptation to war, It would be idle
to pretend that this temptation
has already been resisted, once
for all.
Atomic Arsenal Defended
The United States has done
one important thing to “deter
our enemies from yielding to
this temptation. We have built
up an arsenal of atomic weapons, ti which we have added
hydrogen-thermonuclear
weapons. There was no prudent al-
ternative to this course of action, The policy was necessary
for our own security and that
of the free world.
However, our quest for security had led us to a strange
and, Presently, we are no longer secure about the one thing
that always in the past was
secure. Amid wars, pestilences
and famines, mankind has always been assured of one thing
—that there would be a mankind living here on earth until
Chemical War Report
channels,
the ehocie to world
opinion rivaled, in its own way,
the blast of the H-bomb itself.
True,
information
radioactive
subsequently
But
the
fallout problem
released
public early this
ther information
lowed.
about
the
year and furhas since fol-
there
is still more
By HANSON Ww. BALDWIN
The release last week of a con-jthe
use
of
nuclear
heavily
of the Army
may
cost us
But the United States empha-|
sis on massive
in the battle for men’s nuclear
retaliation
strategy,
and
on
underscored
minds.
now
by
recom
mendations about
of warfare
which
is called
The
report
was
that
of
an
adjger
m, gas and radiological war*‘power.’’ Let me enlarge a bit
hoc civilian advisory committee,/fare (which are certain to be
upon this fact, because it forms headed by Otto N. Miller,
vice|distorted out of context) have
the proximate premise of the president for operations ‘of thejcost us heavily and will cost us
proposal I intend to make.
Standard Oil Company of Cali-}more heavily in the future ‘in
se te
es ar oh Mae cA the psychological struggle.
In World War II, the power
by
Maj. Gen.
William M.}
|
of a bomb was its explosive pointed
Creasy
,
Chief
Chemic
al
Officer
}
—
Mores
Propa
ganda
Cited
force, the force of a blast, ac-
of the Army, to advise him about}
Only a few short years ago
the organizational structure and|the Communists
accused
us
the falsely—of using germ warfare
mission
assignments
of
companied by heat and followed
by fire. The atomic bomb, of
the kind unfortunately dropped
on
Hiroshima,
was
indeed
Chemical
a
The
in
Chemical
Corps
is
respon-
«orea.
campaign,
Their
|
propaganda
bolstered
by
false
“confessions”
extorted
from
chemical, biological and radiolog- American prisoners of war was
sible
bigger
bomb,
thousands
of
times bigger than the biggest
high explosive bomb. It was a
‘‘blockbuster’’; this was a ‘‘city
ical
for
the
agents
development
for
use
in war
of
and|S°
‘persistent
and
massive
that
hence deals with new devices of quite a few of the world’s peo-
ples were convinced. But they}
tremendous potential. |
The committee recognized this|were convinced because of prior
Then came the thermonuclear
explosion of Nov. 1, 1952. This
device taught us not only that
we had a new weapon, but that
we had a different kind
of
weapon. We had unleashed a
different kind of power.
Contamination
Corps.
potential and quite correctly de-|United
clared:
“The
Corps’
totality
research
States
in
emphasis
war—‘“force
to
upon
the
efforts|limit, force without stint. * * *”
should be imaginative and orient-|
Our unrestricted
submarine
ed to development of weapons of| warfare of World War II, the in-
maximum potential, irrespective|discriminate use of fire bombs
of particular concepts of war-|against enemy cities, our mas-
Called Serious
fare.
“It
bomb
thermonuclear
The
into a
crosses the threshold
separate category of power by
reason of the sheer force and
must
develop
sive bombing's of civilian populaand/tions, the first use by us of nu-
agents
weapons for chemical, biological clear weapons were
all on
the
and radiological warfare to the|record. We. professed restraint:
fullest extent the human mind/too often we practiced unlimited
-reach of its blast. Its explosion
can
is so tremendous that it must
be reckoned as a different kind
of explosion. But this is not the
encompass.”
violence.
The point is that chemical,
biological and radioactive agents
qusitication. titered
more important difference. The
thermonuclear homb not only
The report, with sound logic,|/such as nuclear wéapons are injustified these recommendations|evitably and on the whole cor-
more buildings, more. people; it
also releases dangerous. radioactive fission products into the
velopments
by pointing out that “these de-|rectly associated in the world’s
blasts and burns more acreage,
are essential for the} mind with agents of mass effect,
deterrent effect our possession of
Restraint Needed .
these agents and weapons can
‘‘A” have on possible future wars, for}
the
True,
atmosphere.
The United States cannot
bomb also releases these fission _|their aid in * * * defense meas- ford to be on the side of
products,
but
on
a small
However, the atmospheric
ures [against gas, germ warfare|devil.
scale,
con-
is serious. In fact, it is so serious that it could be catastrophic. A sufficiently large number of such explosions would
render the earth uninhabitable
These
ments,
of
Let me
the
be more
products
bombs
and
persuasive
the
argu-|tial a part of the American
accompanying)
tions of horror and
which,
by
litical and military heritage, for
inhumanity|the
whether .logical
or
not,|need
Chemical
Corps
constantly
any nuclear explosion is a subror should, of course, apply to mankind.”
stance that is called radioactive
strontium,
Unlike
ordinary. ae
strontium, this strontium gives. wide ‘public understanding
weapons, But the
of
off beta radiation, which is one °
we
n
whe
nt
see
wou
mee
Mea
ld
tin
lly
rea
g
is
at
wh
of the three kinds of radiation.
‘itself dramatized
emitted by radium and its de- | speak of ‘‘Atoms for War.’’
gency. At the very
cay
products.
Prior
to
the
Proposal Is Set Forth
atomic age, there wasMmo radio-
active strontium in
phere or the soil.
Of
the
released
radioactive
in
an
the
atmos-
strontium
explosion
large thermonuclear
of
a.
po-
|
any war
to
report.
We
emphasize
are
associated
with
thesejand reiterate that we retain as
weapons in the minds of thejin the days of our forefathers
world’s
peoples.
The
same|what Jefferson termed a “destigma, the same sense of hor- cent respect to the opinions of
specific, “One
released
are
strength.
°
During
efforts
world
to
Strategy
have
peace
been supported
An eyewitonce and for all.
ness view of the deterrent itself
in action would bring ultimate
this
against
that,
conviction
kind of force,
an aggressive
power would only hurl itself to
by
just what
Communists,
©
| This
cannot
revise
weapon, | -erécy.
public understanding
‘be created unless we
our
past
policies
of
se-
n a new
Our possessioof
men at this
the problem
in all its urleast, there-
fore, this meeting would create
the: climate of Brgeney, 80 nec-
essary.
In
addition, at
the
resting
there would also be the press,
from
its
it has
largely
because
of
has
a generous.
under self-imposed reof a moral order. We
would be a brilliant denonstra-
tion of America’s technological
strength. More profoundly, it
would be a. demonstration of
our
spiritual
‘strength,
our
sense of justice. It would show
our hatred of injustice, which
has led us to develop the power that may be necessary to
resist injustice.
It would declare our intention of vindicat-
ing
by
force
the
order
of jus-
tice,
if a lawless
aggressor
should
attack it.
Finally,
it
would manifest our inner disposition to be governed by the
dictates of justice in measuring
our use of force for the defeat
of unjust aggression,
An
dismeaning of disaster, as
aster is possible in this Nuclear
Age.
Declaration of U. 8. Power
Eniwetok
at
spectacle
The
would, therefore, be a show of
force, a declaration of Ameri-
Unresolved
Dilemma
You have heard my proposal
for a meeting at the atomic
Summit,
making
that we
and my. reasons
for
it. You
and
I know
must not expect too
much from such meetings. But
you and I also know that their
importance
is
considerable.
I
have no illusion that an inter‘national open meeting at Eni| ‘wetok
would, by itself, resolve
*
7
=
e3
eee
ee
?
and
of
war
of
history.
promise
that
establishment
of
An
experience
of
this fundamental fact of power
would, by itself, be most salutary in the cause of peace. And
I should hope that, additionally, this experience would impel all the peoples of the world
to return to things even more
fundamental than the. realities
of human power.
All forms
of human
power
over
physical
nature
are,
in
their own way, participations in
the almighty
power
of God,
whereby the universe is ruled.
Christian
man
is no Prometheus,
stealing fire from -the
heavens against the will of the
gods. The God we worship, the
God
of
Abraham,
and _ the
Father
of
Our
Lord
Jesus
Christ,
accept these restraints because
we accept the existence of an
order of justice, established by
God, to which all human action,
including
the action of
war-making, is subject.
On
the
surface,
Eniwetok
see at Eniwetok
they would
would leave no doubt in their
the
to.
regard
with
minds
of American self-explanaIt. would illuminate our
is as
puts us
straints
moanuclear explosion? We cannot assume that they are. What
piece
tion,
recog-
shall not use this power irrationally, recklessly or irresponsibly.
The fact is that our understanding of the destructive
potential
of nuclear
weapons
especially the Chi-
it would be something more
profound than this. It would
important
-be an even more
different
who
contribution
to
the
United
Hospital Fund, 8 East 41st
Street, New York 17, to guarantee continuing service and
progress?
the
can power, a demonstration of
the strategy of deterrence. And
day
Won’t you make
important
picture
leaders
the splendid
support
it
received from the public.
for
of self-explanation
piece
America to do. Eniwetok would
do it.
we have been
Furthermore,
trying to persuade the Communist world that its aggressive
persistence in the use of force
may lead to disaster, But we do
not know
civic-minded
community
as
Atomic Summit would go far to
disabuse our enemies of any
false estimates they may have
of our superiority. In this rean
of
1879
medicine center. It has evolved
In publicly drama-
is
group
in
ing center, a research center,
a training center, a preventive
ultimate weapons of
Soviet Union has put
idea that they have
and
us’ in atomic
there
a
established
original as the airplane is from
the horse-drawn carriage. The
modern institution is a heal-
It is
thermonuclear weapons.
unfortunate that many Americans have swallowed this piece
of Soviet propaganda. It would
be still more unfortunate if the
Soviets believed their own propAnd it might be paraganda.
ticularly disastrous if Communist China believed Soviet propThe meeting at the
aganda..
spect
was
nized the quality of the service
rendered by the voluntary hospital to the community.
The voluntary hospital of to-
we
tizing the price of war,
would likewise be dramatizing
the international duty of peace.
Moreover, America presently
needs to explain its arms supe-
riority in
The
war.
abroad the
overtaken
the
for the medically indigent. The
fund
not
peace depends on one all-important thing—a return to fundamentals.
Prominent among these fundamentals is the fact of power.
I have, therefore, proposed that
we display to the world at Eniwetok the fact that a new kind
of power has entered history
and has inaugurated a new era
fund will distribute on the basis of the
amount of free and below-cost
ward and clinic care provided
by a
military strategy of deterrence.
Many people still do not realize
the effectiveness with which
this strategy has saved the balance of power for the West.
The arguments for the doctrine
of deterrence, and for its continuing decisiveness, have not
yet been made sufficiently conThe spectacle at Enivincing.
the case
make
wetok would
destruction.
nonprofit hospitals. The
public is being
asked to contribute $3,500,-
the
I do
it would prevent war, still less
that it would give us peace.
But I do know that prevention
bers,
eightytwo voluntary,
000, which
still unresolved
dilemma:
it be war
or will it be
peace?
pital Fund on behalf of its mem-
all our
to
the
will
This is the seventy-sixth annual appeal of the United Hos-
Defended
the past years,
bring
Continuing Progress
It
nese Communists, have in mind
when we warn them that disaster lies along the road. of
But neither the committee nor| Every military weapon has some , aggression. Are the Communist
the Pentagon, which
released|psychological and political im- leaders, Russian and Chinese,
the report, even referred to the| plication, and«limitation.
familiar with the disastrous efmoral stigma and the implica-|
This is what was missing in fects of a United States ther-
that these new weapons do not
belong in the same category—
not by any stretch of the imagination.
re-
Chemical Corps to perform its|in which unlimited slaughter is
duties
more
aerectvely
are|jimplied is unlimited madness; it
sound.
can achieve no useful purpose.
This is why I say that large
thermonuclear weapons represent an entirely new kind of
power. Their potential destruc-.
tiveness is so different from the
‘‘A’’
practice
recommendations. for organiza-|a mess of pottage.
tional changes
to enable
the};
-And more important,
This is plain fact.
destructiveness of
we
afthe
or radiation poisoning], or for|straint in war, unless we try to’
their actual use as concepts and/limit war we shall have sold our
policies may change.”
birthright of idealism, so essen-
from
results
that
tamination
large thermonuclear explosions
to.man.
Unless
Military
weapons
structive report on the Chemical|4gainst civilian populations.
Corps
of
But it would be a statement,
made to the senses and imagination, of the power we have
to fight a war, if someone else
were to start one.
?
that must be explained to the
public.
The
fact
is that the
first.
thermonuclear
explosion
in
1952 shattered all previous concepts of that central element
resource
would not be a belligerent act.
It would not be a threat of any
American intention to start a
war; there is no such intention.
A Discussion of Committee Proposals
That May Be Psychologically Costly
was
to
mate
has
not
set
His
will
never
deé-
against
man’s
possession
of
fire or of nuclear energy. It is
His
positive
will
that
man
should have dominion over nature and control of its forces,
This is fundamental. It is likewise
fundamental
that
God
wills man to use all his power
for God’s own purposes, which
are
always
structive.
creative,
Freedom,
justice,
peace~—
these are God’s purposes. His
own omnipotence is set in their
service. In their service, too,
man
must
place his present
share
in
God’s omnipotence;
that is, his possession of the
secret of nuclear energy. These
are the fundamentals to which
a meeting at the atomic summit—at Eniwetok—might impel
the peoples of the world to return.
- A
a REagi
on (i
tr blind
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tablets 10c. Why pay more?
A Plough Product
that
always
in
the
past
oN.”
was
living here
on earth
active
America
has
until
people.’’ It is true that a hand-
the
wide public and a world-wide
public that fully realizes the
cosmic dimensions
of
this
danger.
Only a bare beginning has
been made toward the creation
of such an informed public.
True, there has been consider-
able talk about the implications
of nuclear warfare, But the
slow process of educating the
in
people
habits
néw
the
of
thought proper to the age of
the Nuclear Revolution has not
been
adequately
furthered
by
public policies. From the beginning our atomic weapons program had to be shrouded in
secrecy in the interests of national security. But we have
been too slow in realizing that
the interests of national security also demand broad public
information. Our problem has
been to strike a balance between the requirements of secrecy and the no less stringent
need of wigg publicity. We have
not yet solved this problem.
Let me give but one example.
Notes Fishing Vessel Incident
I refer to the tragic incident
of the Fortunate Dragon. This
was the Japanese Mshing vesin the
caught
sel that was
radioactive fallout
our thermonuclear
from
tests
one of
at our
in
Ground
Proving
Pacific
March, 1954.
Before these 1954 tests took
place, a policy of almost utter
established.
been
had
silence
The decision was madé to issue
only two statements—first, an
announcement that tests were
to be held, and then a short
guarded
statement at their con-
clusion. However, the inscrutour
of God,
able Providence
Father,
decided
otherwise.
Radioactive dust settled on the
~ Fortunate Dragon, some ninety
miles downwind. You remember the results. The news about
the potential hazard of radioactive fallout from thermonuclear
weapons
hyrst
out
of
secrecy.
Twenty-seven
Japanese fishermen
announced
to
the world the first fateful news
about the lurking catastrophe
that may possibly lie in wait
for
all
of
us.
In
this
instance,
| the official policy of secrecy
proved inept. When the secret
came out, through the wrong
atmos-
radioactive strontium
in an explosion of a.
body, where it is absorbed into
or realize the danger inherent
in this achievement. And when
I say ‘‘we’’ I mean ‘‘we, the
military, in government—do understand that we have in our
hands a power of limitless destruction. But the fact that only
a handful. of men possess this
understanding is itself a dangerous thing. I have long been
persuaded, and have often said,
insurance
essential
an
that
against the dangers inherent in
nuclear weapons is an America-
the
the course of a year,
Hence,
the contamination continues to
be deposited on the earth for
years after the blast of the explosion has died away.
From the earth’s soil, radioactive
strontium
passes
into
food and thes into the human
fact that we do not understand
in
in
Froposai
a
the earth. Rainfall speeds its
descent,
but it comes
down >
slowly; only a fraction of it is
deposited on the earth during
invented
science,
——
ly over thousands of square
‘miles and some is shot up into
the stratosphere, From thence,
it
settles
down,
‘diffusing
throughout the whole envelope
of atmosphere that surrounds.
Sankar does not lie
in the
sheer
fact of man’s
greatest technological achievement—the
release of nuclear
energy. Rather it lies in the
men—in
+
This
ts
public
cannot
be
set Forth
ee
understanding
created
unless
we
!
revise our past policies of senew
a
of
on
possessi
Our
vevécy.
large
thermonuclear
weapon, |
some falls to earth rather quick-. “category of powér confronts us
danger.
The new
of
or the soil.
Of the
released
nuclear weapens capable of destroying all human life. The
avoidance of one danger has
thrust us into @ more radical
ful
strontium
phere
the day on which man’s temporal
history
would
be
terminated by an act of Almighty
God. We no longer have this
elementary security. Man now
has the power to put an end to
his own history. In its effort to
protect
the freedom
of
the
world,
es
atomic age, there wasmo radio-
secure. Amid wars, pestilences
and famines, mankind has always been assured of one thing
—that there would be a man-
kind
eee
|
the bone structure,
Here
its
beta rays, if intense
enough,
can cause bone
tumors,
We
know that there is a limit to
the amount of this strontium
that the human body can absorb without harmful effects,
Beyond that limit, danger lies,
and even death,
The problem
has been to fix the limit.
Still an Unsolved
Problem
It is still an unsolved problem.
In the course of a year
the estimates have changed almost wildly.
A year ago the
public was informed that the
radiostrontium presently in the:
soil would
have to increase
1,000,000 times over before increased frequency of bone tumors fyom this cause could be.
recognized.
Recent statements.
have revised that figure drastically and ‘significantly down-
ward from 1,000,000 to 10,000.
Whatever
figure
is
agreed
upon, it will be lowered some—
perhaps
only a little—as the
radiostrontium already in the
atmosphere
slowly
settles
to
earth.
to
In any event,
the
there is a limit
tolerable
amount
of
radiostrontium that can be deposited in the soil, Consequent-
ly, there is a limit to.the number of large thermonuclear ex-
plosions
can
that
withstand
the
human
without
race
harm-
ful bodily effects.
Thi® is .a
crucial
point
to
remember
when ‘there is talk -of. an allout nuclear war.
There
is another aspect to
the insidious destructiveness of
thermonuclear
weapons.
The
radioactive products
they release have an affect on human
genetics. The sheer fact of this
effect is certain. The new power we have in hand can affect
the lives of generations
still
unborn.
But beyond the fact
itself, there are many uncertainties. I have long felt, and
continue to believe,
that all
possible assistance and -encouragement should be given to all
those geneticists
upon
whose
competence
we
must
depend
for badly needed information
about the genetic
effects re-
sulting
sions.
from
nuclear
_explo-
Even this brief description of
the new kind of power now at
our disposal gives rise to many*
questions,
In view of the new dimension
of
destructivéness: that
large
thermonuclear
bombs
create, in view of the fact that
their effects persist for years
after their use against an enemy,
what are the limits to
their use in a large-scale war?
On whom
should
we dépéend
for such decisions?
Are not
we, the people, involved right
up to the hilt of our common
safety?
Indeed we are.
How then shall we create a
|,
So
at ee
fore, this meeting would create
the: climate of urgency so nec@seary.
In
addition,
tion.
to be bound by precedent, éspecially
when
adherence
to
precedent has been proved useas in the
‘less or damaging,
of the
to my
that attaches to life and death,
the impact
proposal.
making
known
great.
which
is the
the free world.
I propose that
power
|
world
public
It would be the impact
of the Fortunate Dragon raised
to. the nth power.
The purpose would not be to
strike terror into the hearts of
men, but to. implant under-
standing in their
a.
‘purpose
still hidden aspect of America.
I propose a ‘‘Meeting at the
the
Summit’’—this
time
at
“Atomic Summit’’—in order to
explain. to the world American
power,
on
opinion would be immeasurably
bottom, What I propose, there_fore, is another meeting for the
of
wields. If
properly
staged, with all the seriousness
~ There is much need today for
creating a better understanding
This process is
of America.
going on. in certain areas—political, diplomatic, cultural—at
all sorts of meetings, at the
summit, on the slopes, at the
purpose
frail man now
meeting were
that
this
Dragon.
Fortunate
Here I come
would
minds,
The
be to arouse all
the forces of the human imagination, reason and will. They
are mightier than the physical
forces of the atom. They are
of
the spiritual forces upon whose
vigor we set our hopes for a
we convene -just and durable peace. These
this meeting
at our
Pacific
rational forces, resident in the
Proving Ground at the island | human spirit, would be strong
of Eniwetok, and there detoly. stirred if, at Eniwetok, we
nate
a
large
thermonuclear
weapon before an audience representative of all the peoples of
the world.
History has seen
many
This
dramatic
events.
one might outrank them all, be-
cause
the
earthly
destinies
|. fulfilled our duty of explaining | to the world ane Nuclear Age
into which we Americans have
| fortunately led the way.
.
The United States has recent-
ly stated its belief in the prin-
of - -¢iplé of inspection of armamankind are bound up with
ments. We can right now give
the
whole
meaning
of
the |: further ‘proof of our belief in
event.
| this: principle, at least in a limWhat peoples should be present? Certainly the Soviet Union,
China and the Eu-
Communist
ropean satellite countries; certainly our own allies of the free
world; certainly all the countries composing the United Nations,
Indeéd
the _
invitation
should be altogether general;
this drama
should be staged
literally before all the nations
of the world.
The group present would be
small, even though its numbers,
run
in
into
my
the
opinion,
ought
thousands.
this small group would
mensely influential,
It
the strategy of deterrence, And
more
be something
it would
than this. It would
profound
important
more
even
an
be
would
include
ited way, We'\can invite the
whole world to view the end| result of the spectacular advances in our atomic weapons
program, And
this could be
done without disclosing nuclear
weapons technology.
Inevitably, the demonstration
at Eniwetok would be a decla-~
ration of American power,
a
dramatic display of our ulti-
reéalistically
and
the
world
that
we
an
understand
be more substance to the ‘‘spir-
it of Geneva.’’
The spirit of
survival is a good hard core to
sustain a spirit of conciliation.
Climate
force at our command, in. all
its dreadful destructiveness. It
would,
therefore,
prove
that,
when we speak of retaliation
we have a rational grasp of
what
the
word
concretely
means in terms of death and
disruption.
In further consequence,
the démonstration
of
our retaliatory power would itself be an assurance that we
international
of effective
control
of atomi«
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+ GREATEST
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thing
Seen
A
Meeting
at
the
Atomic
Summit would not, of course,
the
an
AS
the
more:
at the Atomic Summit on Eniwetok had preceded the Meeting at the Summit in Geneva.
If it had, there might presently
that
MAD
WILCOX-GAY
aggressor
who
Meeting
illusion
There’s the Right
clear that
But
and international negotiations.
So true is this that I cannot
that
WwWFASMANMAWLA
national open meeting at Eni-wetok would, by itself, resolve
advanced
ideas about peace and war have
become
obsolete, useless and
even dangerous,
This experience could not fail to influence
mén in high positions in their
work of national policy-making
wishing
no
aw
nation does have to fear retaliatory action on our part,
We cannot permit the order of
international justice to be violated with impunity, This, too,
we have made clear.
.
But a further piece of selfexplanation is still needed. We
have yet to make it clear that
our retaliation against unjust
aggression will be moderated
by the principles of justice. In
this respect, the dramatic spectacle at Eniwetok would do a
service.
It would prove to the
equally
to
a new age, in which certain old
selve
have
amplifier,
one reel.
fruitfully after their experience
of witnessing a large thermonuclear
explosion.
They
would
come away from this experience. utterly -convinced,
as I
was, that humanity has entered
help
SSE
NEWEST
be. im-
men
VA
that the use of force must be
measured according to the dictates of justice.
|
Renunciation of force as a
means of achieving national or
ideological goals is an inherent
dictate
of the
ethical
order
which America, and all civilized peoples,
consider to be
binding, America
has
made
this renunciation of aggressive
force. With us it is a first principle in the moral order and a
cardinal policy in the order of
politics. No nation need fear
any aggressive use of force by
the United
States. We
have
made this clear,
—
Our national sense of justice
has also obliged us to make it
participate in the making of
publi¢
policy
in all nations.
These are the men who, in the
first iffstance, must come to a
full personal understanding of
the meaning of nuclear energy.
They
weuld, I should hope,
later. meet
to talk
together
about war and péace, and about
one essential condition of both;
that is, the control of nuclear
energy. All of them would talk
more
S265
at the “treating” piece of American self-explana-there would also be the press,
tion, It would illuminate our
jusof
iples
princ
the
p
of
gras
who would be prepared to give
tice. It would manifest our bean unprecedented situathe peoples of the world a fresh
always stands
force
that
lief
We ought not, therefore, © vision of the new kind of power
in the service of justice and
with
case
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THE
SURFACE RELIGION
DISTURBS LEADER
Free Labor Week Set
By Harriman Dec. 5-12
Governor
Harriman
proclaimed yesterday the week
of Dec. 5-12 as Free Labor
Week,
On
Dec.
5 the
American
Federation of Labor and the
Conservative Jews Are Told
‘Fashionable’ Appeal of
Joining Is a Challenge
Congress of Industrial Organi-
zations will convene here to
merge. Mr. “Aarrimar said the
united labor movement would
By GEORGE DUGAN
Special to The New
provide a powerful voice, outside government,
“to speak
for American ideals and objectives in the cold war.”
York Times.
MONTICELLO, N. Y., Nov. 17
appeal of
~—-The “fashionable”
religious affiliation constitutes a
major challenge to church and
synagogue in the United States
today.: This fear was voiced today
by Charles Rosengarten
The
Governor made his proc-
lamation at his New
York
home,
16 East
Eighty-first
Street.
of Wa-
In
reply,
Louis
Hol-
lander, president of the State
terbury, Conn., president of the
C. I. O., and Thomas Murray,
United Synagogue of America.
head of the State Federation
The
organization
represents
of Labor, joined in calling Mr.
585 congregations of ConservaHarriman
“a great man as
tive Judaism in this country and well as a great Governor.”
Canada.
It
ended
its
five-day
COMMUTER FARES
REVISED IN JERSE
NEW
were
YORK
ordered
TIMES,
to
reduce
FRIDAY,
their
monthly
interstate
fares
by
$1.50.
GThe
within-state rates for
distances
over. fourteen
miles
are to be increased for monthly
unrestricted tickets, and $2.25
I. C. C. Increases Rail Rates
for the monthly restricted (five-
Within the State and Cuts
Some Interstate Charges
WASHINGTON, Nov, 17 (®)—
|day a week, Saturday and Sun-
day
and
ticket.
holiday
GSmaljler
creases
excepted)
proportional
on
nauls
under
in-
fifteen
miles are to be made effective
Northern New Jersey railroad|on both interstate and intrastate
commuter fares today were or-|tickets. The exception in this
dered increased for trips withinjruling is the Pennsylvania, which
the state and decreased for in-|was directed to make some reterstate trips on three railroads|ductions on short haul interstate
that do not offer Hudson River|fares to bring out uniformity of
crossings.
rates on the seven lines involved,
The Interstate Commerce Com-|
The fare adjustments’ are the
mission directed revision of rates,|fourth to be made in the New
including a $2.50 monthly rise inj/Jersey commuting
area since
monthly unrestricted tickets for} World War II.
commuting to points within the
Special to The New York Times.
state.
.
W
A
S
H
I
N
G
T
O
N
,
Nov,
17 —_
A. spokesman for the New JerTr
af
fi
c
of
fi
ce
rs of the various
sey
Pu
bl
ic
Ut
il
it
ie
Co
mm
is
sion railroads had testified that the
biennial convention this evening.
3
sid about 18,000 commuters in}.
Mr. Rosengarten, who was re-|delegates urged the Administraany
in
result
not
would
increases
affected.
be
would
state
the
elected to his second two-year|tion to guarantee the territorial
passenof
diversion
substantial
the|
said
agency
Federal
The
term. today observed tlat “every-|integrity of the State of Israel
:
.
body seems to be joining up.” Injand
other
states
of the
Middle
this connection he noted that an;East “which desire the preservaestimated total of 60 per cent of|tion of peace.” It asked that the
ordre
was
:
mendations
in accord
with
recom-
:
of I. C. C. Examiner
&
ers.
The
increases
apply
ovoa
er
the
Burton Fuller, which were made routes of the Pennsylvania Railand
wanna
Lacka
re,
Delawa
road;
said
sion
commis
The
spring.
last
il
United|‘‘wherewithal” to provide for the
Western
Ra
il
ro
ad
:
Er
ie
Ra
il
the revisions had been asse
the population of the
States was affiliated with
gious groups. He contrasted
legitimate
reli-|firm,
this|Israel be provided.
self-defense
of to
by
the
New
Jersey
nted
Public road,
Utilit
ies
Comm
issi
on
and
the
with a 20 per cent affiliation} The convention also reaffirmed
Citize
ns’
Trans
it
Comm
itte
e
in
its
opposi
tion to the McCarran100 years ago.
the
area
invol
ved.
Warning against surface mani-|Walter Immigration Act,
The
chang
es
must
be
made
The
only
new
office
r
to
be
festations of religiosity, Mr. Roeffec
tive
befor
e
next
Feb.
8.
sengarten asserted that “I dojelected
was _ the
treasurer,
In
its
order,
the
I.
C. C. said
not measure growth in numbers|George Maislen of New York,
the
chang
es
were
being made to
but in depth and profundity.”
seek to reduce the spread beAn Indication of Need
tween interstate and intrastate
commutation rates. The within- “Naturally,” he added, “I am
state rates now generally are $4
pleased with additional numbers,
a month lower since an interbut that must be regarded only
state rate increase approved in
as an indication of the need for
Special to The New York Times.
religious answers to the probHONG KONG, Nov. 17—Com- 1954.
lems of life—not the fulfillment munist China announced tonight he Commutation between points
northern New
Jersey, New
of that need.”
it
was
freein
g
three
of
the
sevYork
City
and
the
Phila
delph
ia
Newcomers
to clturches and
os
e
®
°
synagogues, he said, “will not enteen Americans still listed by area involved.
long remain with us if the em-j|the United States Consulate here
Highlights of Directive
RED CHINA TO FREE
3 MORE AMERICANS
phasis in religion remains on the}4s being prisoners of the Peiping
social aspects of culture.”
But, he pointed: out, they
regime,
Those
will
to
be
released
include
Here
the I. C.
are the
highlights
C. directive:
of
Jersey
Reading
and
a
New
;
Central
Railroad,
York
Railroad,
New
Railroad
Jersey
and
Lehigh Valley Railroad.
The commission said # recog-
nized that the situation would
be still unsatisfactory from the
standpoint of the railroads be-}
cause their deficits would continue to be substantial.
The new scales would be unsatisfactory to the commuters
and the States of New Jersey
and New York, the commission
said, because of their need for
rapid transit by rail and the
diversion
in recent
rail service
ways.
to
years
congested
from
high-
Czech Mission in Rangoon
RANGOON,
Burma,
Nov.
17
(Reuters)—A nine-member Czech
GThe
pres
ent
inte
rsta
te
rate
s|tr
ade
dele
gati
on, led by Richard
remain “and more will come, if}/Mrs. Homer V. Bradshaw, Presfor
dis
tan
ce
over
fourteen miles}Dvorak,
Minister
for Foreign
we help them find their place in|byterian missionary who was re-
the world in terms
of their re-jmoved
ligious tradition.”
“Religion is more than prayer,”
Mr. Rosengarten declared.
from
jail
last year be-
cause. of poor health and two im|prisoned Roman Catholic priests.
“Re-|The
Catholic
missionaries
ligion is more than Lent com-|the Revs. Justin
mitments, It is the dedication|Marcellus White,
of every part of one’s being and/|Passionist Order.
every aspect of human
existence.
Expansion by all means—but my|by
Their
the
release
Hsinpua
Garvey
both of
was
China)
measuring rod is the intensifica- news agency, which referred to
all three as American criminals.
tion of Jewish life.”
No
details
on the
charges
Fund Support Urged
against them were given in the
Joel W. Schenker, a member agency’s brief telegraphic disof the board of directors of the patch from Peiping.
Jewish Theological Seminary in
The Communist news agency
New York, urged the delegates said Mrs. Bradshaw had been
to support a $60,000,000 ten-year out on bail from medical atten-
fund-raising campaign to finance
of the Conservative
activities
tion. It added that the two imprisoned priests were being’ removement in American Judaism. leased under a deportation order
A resolution adopted at the issued by Red China’s judicial
closing session of the convention authorities.
commended the Eisenhower AdThe
three
are
expected to
ministration for its “continuing reach Hong Kong soon, but the
and unrelenting efforts toward Peiping dispatch gave no indicaworld tion as to when they would cross
of
establishment
the
peace.”
the
border
into
this
British
At
the same
time,
the
700|colony.
be
continued.
and
New
Jersey
The
tions are the Lackawanna,
and
New
excep-|Trade,
arrived here by air today
Erie|for talks with Burmese
York|/ministers.
During
its
Cabinet
seven-day
Rai
lro
ads
,
which do not offer] visit, the delegation will sign an
are
thei
r
pat
ron
s
Hud
son
Riv
erj
agr
eement to buy 100,000 tons
and crossing
s.
The
thre
e
rai
lro
ads
|of
Burmese rice.
the
announced
(New
will
NOVEMBER
18,
1955.
Gimbels N.Y. open Frida
~ Westchester till 9
- Item sets